THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
THE
PARLIAMENTARY
O R
CONSTITUTIONAL
Hiftory of England,
From the earlieft TIMES,
T O T H E
Reftoration of King CHARLES II.
COLLECTED
From the RECORDS, the ROLLS of Parliament, the JOURNALS
of both Houfes, the Public LIBRARIES, Original MANU-
SCRIPTS, fcarce SPEECHES, and TRACTS ; all compared
with the feveral Contemporary Writers, and conne&ed,
throughout, with the Hiftory of the Times.
By SEVERAL HANDS.
THE SECOND EDITION.
IN TWENTY- FOUR VOLUMES.
VOL. XIX.
From the Commencement of the Commonwealth in February, 1648,
to the Marching of the Scots Army into England, under the Com-
mand of King Charles the Second, in Auguft, 165 i.
LONDON,
printed for J. and R, TONS ON, and A. MILLAR, in the
Strand ; and W. S A N D B Y, in Fleet-Jlrtet.
M DCC LXIII.
3P
lot
H/7
ADVERTISEMENT.
TH E great Number of fcarce Tradts and Ma-
nufcripts, which have been communicated to
the Authors, relating to the Proceedings of the
Commonwealth and the Protectorate, as they have
greatly increafed our Labour in digefting them, fo
have they no lefs contributed to enrich the Work.
Upon this Occafion give us Leave, more particu-
larly, to return our grateful Acknowledgments
to the Rt. Hon. the Lord Vifcount Royjlon, for
the Ufe of" a complete Set of a curious and valua-
ble Journal, publifhed by Authority of the Coun-
cil of State, in French, for the Information of
Foreigners, intituled, Notruelles Ordinaries dc
Londres, which contains a very accurate Account
of all Tranfadtions in Parliament, and other Mat-
ters, from July 1650, to January 1660-1 ; as alfo to
the Univerlity of Cambridge, who were pleafed
to pafs a Grace, in Senate, for the Loan of feve-
ral valuable Volumes out of their Public Library.
The Rev. Dr. Birch, Secretary to the Royal So-
ciety ; the Rev. Dr. Zachary Grey -, and the late
Robert Hoblyn, Efq; Member of Parliament for
Briftol, have been greatly aiTillant in furnifhing Ma-
terials for this Part of the Work ; which has been
alfo much improved from the Collections of th«
late William Petyt, Efq; (formerly Keeper of the
Records in the 'Tower] confifting of above Eighty
' VOL. XIX. a 2 Volumes
Volumes of Parliamentary Tracts, relating to the
Period above-mentioned.
When the Propofals for this Work were firft
Offered to the Public, the Intention was to have
concluded with the Reiteration ; but the Authors
having fince been favoured, by the Reverend
the Dean of Exeter, with the Minute Book be-
longing to a Member of that Convention
which reftored the King, found in the Lytelton
Family, containing an exact Diary of the De-
bates of that AlTembly, from April 1660, to their
Diflblution in December following, they have
been advifed to continue the Work to this latter
Period > a Crifis the more interefting, becairfe,
in this Interval, the Reader will find the principal
Actors in the Civil Wars called to Account; and
the Tables turned upon thofe who had fo long
lorded it, with fuch defpotic Sway, over the
Lives and Fortunes of their Fellow- Subjects.
THE
Parliamentary Hiftory
b F
ENGLAND.
] '"
Republican Party m the Houfe of
Commons having, by the Afliftance of
the Army, excluded all thofe Members jby,
wno refufed to concur in the late Pro-
ceedings againft the King; having alfo
abolifhed both Monarchy and the Peerage, and
refolved to erect a Council of State, for the Go-
vernment of England and Ireland, who were to
act under the fole Authority of that Houfe ; the firft
Thing they did this Day, February 8, was to pafs
the following Refolutions touching the Difpofal gf
the late King's Body, viz.
Refolded, * That the Houfe doth approve ofReJr0]ut;OJ13 0^
Windfor for the Place of the late King's Burial, the commons
and that he be carried there To-morrow for thatconcernins the
Purpofej alfo that the Duke of Richmond, ACiJSu "*
Marquis of Hertford, the Earl of Lindfey, the Earl
of Southampton, and Dr. Juxon, with three Ser-
vants each, may attend the Funeral : That it be left
VOL. XIX, A to
2 The Parliamentary HISTORY
to the Duke of Richmond to take Order for the
Place of the late Kind's Burial at Windfor^ either
in Henry the Eighth's Chapel, or the Choir there,
February. ^s ^jj bg tnought fit ; the Circumftances and
Manner of the Interment to be wholly left to the
faici Duke of Richmond ;• and a Sum not exceed-
ing 500 /. to be allowed for the Expences of the
Funeral.'
The feveral Perfons in whofe Cuftody the Seals
of the Exchequer, King's Bench, Common Pleas,
and Duchy, the Seals for Statutes, &c. having, ac-
cording to an Order of the Houfe, delivered them
up to a Committee appointed to confider of the
Alteration of Seals, in different Offices ; the Com-
They order the mons next proceeded to nominate a large Corn-
Great Seal to faemitr.ee, who were ordered to infpecl: all the Corn-
broken, and millions of the Peace in England and Wales^
eand.give in the Names of fit Perfons to be trufted
with new Commiflions, under their own Great
Seal. This Mark of Sovereign Authority, lately
ordered to be made, was brought into the Houfe,
this Day, by Sir Thomas Widdrington and Mr. IFhit-
lockey two of the Commifiioners for the late Great
Seal% which was broken and defaced whilft the
Houfe was fitting, and the Pieces thereof given to
the faid two Commiffioners. Then an Act was
pafled for authorizing and eftablifhing the new
Great Seal ; as alfo another for making it High
Treafon to counterfeit it ; and it was committed to
the Cuftody of Mr. Wbitlocke^ Mr. Ltflft and Mr.
Serjeant Keeble, who were to continife Lords Com-
miffioners of the Great Seal quamd'iu bene fe gef-
ferint b.
Sir
a The two other CcmmiflToners were the Earl of Kent, and Lord
Grey of fVarke.
b Mr. Wbitlockt remarks, That it was debated whether they
fhould be /imply ftyled Commijfior.ers, or Lcrdt CommiJJior.t t -s ; the
Word Lordi being lefs acceptable at this Time than formerly : Yet,
that the Houfe might not feem to lefien their own Authority, nor
the Honour of the Offices by them constituted, they voted the
Title to be Lordi Commijjknen, and the Aft was pafled accordingly.
Memorials, p. 374.
A Salary of jooo /. fer Anr.n<n was alfo voted to each of them.
Of ENGLAND, 3
Sir Thomas Widdrington had been nominated as
a Commifiloner, but urging his ill State of Health,
and fome Scruples in point of Confcience, he ob-
tain'd his Excufe : However, the Commons or-
dered, as a Mark of Honour, and an Acknow-
ledgment of his former faithful Difcharge of that
Truft, notwithstanding his Objections to their
Authority, that he mould be allowed to practice
in all the Courts of JVeJlminfter within the Bar J
and have Precedency in Place next to the Com-
miffioners of the Great Seal.
Mr. Whitlocke has left us a Copy of the Speech"
made by himfelf, in the Houfe, dn this Occafiori:
Mr. Speaker, ... ,
* T AM now to declare myfelf whether I will Mr. Wh!tl6cfe=*3
I accept or refufe the higheft Place of ordinary ^^iS
Judicature in the Kingdom, to which your r a- one of the Com-
vour and good Opinion hath been pleafed to name miffionete there-
me. , ° *
* I fliall plainly lay before you the Motives that
occur to me, both for the Acceptance and Refufal
of it, and my humble Suit upon them ; and I (hall
fubmif all to yourPleafure and Judgment.
' The Motives I fliall confine myfelf unto are
Jfour of either Sort.
i. * Fof my Acceptance of it : May be the Ho-
nour of the Service, the Greatnefs of the Place,
which may fwav much with forrre others, but not
with me, whofe Ambition is of a lower Stature.
* I never affe&ed great Place?; it is fufficient
Honour to me to be a Member of this Honourable
Houfe, I defire no further Honour ; and if Ho-
nour be in honorante, good Actions will render a
Man more honourable than the Ceremonies and
Pageantry of high Places, which may take with
fome of gayer Spirits more than it doth with me.
2. « The fecond Motive for Acceptance is the Pro-
fit of the Place ; and that is very confiderable with
moft Men : I blefs God, he hath given me Means'
convenient for me, and I hope he will blefs that
A a to
4 Thf Parliamentary HISTORY
ntcr-rfpmim. to me, and keep me from wafting that which rriuft
•164*. oe a Provifion for many Children.
1 *.'—~J * And to me, Mr. Speaker, this is not fo great
)1>udr>'' a Motive as it may be to others, becaufe thole that
know my Courfe can teftify, that the Benefit of
my Practice was more than the Salary of this Of-
fice, though I acknowledge your Bounty to your
Servants.
3. * The third Motive is the Command which
this great Officer hath over the Perfons and For-
tunes of Men ; which is a pleafing Thing, and
much fought after by Men in this World, the Spi-
rit of Domination being natural to us.
* But, Sir, in this I am of my Lord of St. Albaris
Judgment, , who holds that Men. in great Places
are fo f.;r from having Command, that they are
very Slaves themfelves ; Slaves to great Men, and
Slaves to Bufinefs, and cannot command fo much
as their own Time.
4. 4 The fourth Motive is the End of the Ser-
vice; which is to do Right and Juftice to Men, to
relieve the Opprefled, to ferve God, and ferve you
and my Country, which will be done by a due
Performance of the Duty of this Place.
4 And this to me, efpecially at this Time, is
the greateft and ftrongeft Motive of all other*.
4 Yet give me Leave, Sir, on the other Side, to
lay before you the Motives for my Refufal of this
Employment, which, in my humble Opinion, do
far overbalance the other.
I . * The firfl of thefe Motives is the Trouble
of the Place, which hath the greateft and mbft
conftant Labour in it of any other Place in Eng-
land \ thrs Shop of Juftice • muft be always open,
Nullus recedat a Cancellaria fine Remedio.
4 The Bufinefs of the Chancery is certainly
more than of any other Court ; the Trouble muit
needs be the greater, and the Burden the keavier,
too heavy for me to bear.
4 It is Trouble enough, and no eafy Duty for one
Man to attend the Service of this Houic ; it is
more
Of ENGLAND. 5
more than doubled by being; a Commiffioner of the Inter-reg
Great Seal, whereof I have fonie Experience ; and
it hath brought me to be of the Poet's Opinion, Y^^t
Beat us Hie qul procul Negotiis ; a Condition longed
for by me.
2. ' The fecond Motive for my.Refufal, is the
Danger of this Employment, through the. Envy of
Men, more in thefe Times than others, and thro'
the Importance of the Bufmefs, in the which, as
in War, Non licet bis peccare.
4 There will be Watchmen enough for one Fail-
ing ; and one Party, almoft in every Caufe deter-
mined by him, will be ready to accufe and con-
demn him ; no Man can fit in this Place, but he
muft expofe his Per ion and Fortune to no little
Danger.
3. « The third Motive is the Difficulty of this
Employment; fome will labour to conceal or ob-
fcure the Truth as much as Eloquence, Learning,
and Subtilty can invent ; and it is hard to difcern
the clear Truth through thefe Shadows.
* The Judges of the Common Law have certain
Rules to guide them ; a Keeper of the Seals hath
nothing but his own Confcience to direiSt him, and
that is oftentimes deceitful.
' The Proceedings in Chancery are fecundum
Arbltrlum boni Viri^ and this Arbitrium diftereth as
much in feveral Men as their Countenances differ.
* That which is Right in one Man's Eyes is
Wrong in another's ; nothing is more difficult
than to fatisfy in Judgment : And this leads me to
the laft and ftrongeft Motive for my Refufal of
this Employment ; which is,
4. ' My Unfitnefs and Want of Ability to un-
dergo it ; I mention not my Want of Ability of
Body, though this Place requires much Pains, La-
bour, and continual Attendance ; and my Health
is not a little impaired, and my bodily Infirmities
increafed by my late Services, but I hold myfelf
obliged to lay down my Life to ferve you.
' I may more infift upon my Want of Abilities
of Mind to perform this great Charge, and this i$
A 3 . beft
6 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-regnum. bed known to myfelf ; though I confefs it hath
been too much likewife difcovered to you, both
upon former Occafions, and at this prefent ; and
it were not fit to honour me by this Place, and
to dimonour yourfelves by my weakExecution of it.
' Perhaps it may be objected, That thefe are but
Pretences, whereof you are the moft proper Judges.
I do acknowlege, $hat it will not become me to
oppofe' my Judgment to yours ; but I am moft
confcious to myfelf of my own Difabilities, a^id beg
your Confideration of them.
* A greater Objection is, That if I decline this
Service at this Time, it will be a kind of Difown-
ing your Authority, as unwarrantable and illegal ;
and a giving of my Judgment againft your Pro-
ceedings, upon the prefent Alterations made by
you.
' This, Sir, is far from me ; and I fuppofe I
have given my Teftimony otherwife, in the Par-
ticulars mentioned by my worthy Colleague that
fpake laft, in which I have owned your Authority c.
4 And for a ftrict formal Purfuance of the or-
dinary Rules of Law, it hath been hardly to be
difcerned in any of the late Proceedings on either
Side, in all our great and weighty Tranfactions.
* Unavoidable Neceflity hath put us upon thofe
Courfes, which otherwife, perhaps, we {hould not
have taken.
' I am fure my fitting and acting here is accord-
ing to the known Laws of England, and that my
Protection at this Time is only from you ; there-
fore my Obedience is only due to you, and there
is no other vifible Authority in Being but your-
felves.
4 Thefe are fufficient Reafons to juftify an O-
bedience to your Authority ; which truly, Sir, I
do own; and not fcruple at all, as Things now
are, to act by that Authority.
« I
e In figning a Warrant for a Writ to adjourn Hilary Term,
and bringing irt the new Great Seal, without the Concurrence of the
pther two Comroifiioneri, who had been appointed by the Houfe of
torts, H'titlocke, p. 372,
Of ENGLAND. 7
' I only fcruple my Undertaking this great Inter-regnum,
Charge, knowing my own Want to perform it as 164.8.
I ought to do ; this Place requires quick Appre-
henfion, general Learning, and deep Judgment,
all which are wanting in me ; but I fee many
worthy Gentlemen within thefe Walls, of much
greater Abilities, and more compleatly furnifhed
for the Execution of this Charge, than I am.
4 My humble Motion therefore to you is, That
you will be pleafed to think of fome Perfon more
fit and worthy of this great Truft than I am ; and
to excufe me from being one of your Commiflioners
for the Great Seal of England, which is a Place
too high for me.'
But all this was a nolo epifcopari with Mr. PFhit-
locke.
The Speaker had been ordered to found all the
Judges, whether they would accept of new Com-
miflions under the prefent Powers ; and this Day he
reported their Anfwers, That Baron Trevor^ Ju-
ftice Bacon, Juftice Crejkeld, Baron Jit kins, Juftice
Brown, and Juftice Bedingfield, defired to be ex- of new Com-
cufed from accepting of new Commiffions to bemiflions»
Judges ; and that the two Lord Chief Juftices,
[Rolle and St. John] the Lord Chief Baron, \lVylde\
Juftice Jermyn, Juftice Pbejant, and Baron Gates,
were willing to accept of them ; but defired the
Houfe to declare, That the Judges ftiould proceed
according to the Laws and Statutes of this King-
dom. Hereupon a Declaration was agreed to in
beec Verba, * That the Parliament of England do
declare, That being fully refolved to maintain the
Fundamental Laws of this Nation, for the Good
of the People ; and having appointed Judges for
the Adminiftrztion of Juftice, in Execution there-
of; they do expecl that they mould proceed ac-
cordingly.'
This Declaration was ordered to be forthwith
printed and pubHfhed ; and the Name of the King's Alteration
Bench was directed to be changed into that of t
Upper Bench: The Commons alfo ordered that&c?
their
8 Tlx Parliamentary HISTORY
luu-.-regnum. their Clerk be required, from henceforth, to fub-
1648. fcribe all A6h, Orders, and Proceedings of that
*"7T~* Houfe, by the Name of Clericus Parliaments
February, '
Feb.- 9. This Day the Commons pafs'd an Act
for reftraining and prohibiting the printing and
publiming of the Paliages and Proceedings of the
High Court of Juftice ; another for repealing the fc-
yeral Cjaufes and Branches, in the A6ts of the firft
Year of Queen Elizabeth, and the third of King
"James, touching the Oaths of Allegiance, Obedi-
ence, and Supremacy. They alfo agreed to the
following Oath to be taken by all the 'judges mu-
tatis mutandis:
/V£ Jhall fwear that well and truly ye /hall ferve
te taken by the the Parliament and People , in the Office of Chief
Judges. 'Juftice of the Upper Bench formerly call'd the King's
Bench : You Jhall not give any Counfel or AJfent to
any Thing, which may turn to the Damage of the
Parliament and People by any Way or Colour : Ye
/hall do equal Law and Execution of Right to. all
the People, rich and poor : Ye Jhall not take by you,
Or by any other Perfon, privately nor openly, any Gift
or Reward, of Gold or of Silver, or any other Thing
which might turn you to Profit, of any Man that
JJxill have any Plea or Procefs hanging before you, as
long as before yourfelf the Pleas and Procejfes Jhall
i>e hanging; nor after, for that Caufe : Ye Jhall
take no Fees nor Livery of any Perfon as long as
ye /hall be Juftice, but of the Parliament, and by
their Allowance : And in cafe any Perfon or Perfons
come before you in your SeJJions or Ajfizes, with Force
and Arms, or otherwife againft the Peace, to difturb
the Execution of Juftice ; or do menace the People,
that they may twt profecute the Law, ye Jhall caufe
them to be arrejhd, and put them in Prifon : And
in cafe they be fuch as ye may not arrejt, ye Jhall
then certify the. Parliament, or the Council of Stale
l>y their Authority appointed, of their Names anj
f their MiJ doings : Ye Jhall not maintain by your -
elf, nor by none other 3 privily nor openly, any Plea cr
~
Of E N G L A N D. 9
Quarrel^ banging in the Courts at Weftminfter, or
el] e where In the Country : Ye Jhall not delay any Per-
fon common Right for any Letters or other Caufi ;
but jhall proceed to do the Law^ the fame notwitb-
Jlanding: Ye fiull procure the Profit of the Com-
momvedlih in all Things ye tnay reasonably do : A$
God ye help.
Feb. 10. Several more Erafements appear again
on the "Journals, in this and the fucceeding Days,
all vacated by Order of February 22, 1659, upon
the Reflitution of the Secluded Members.
Feb. 12. Letters came this Day from ftdmburgh, The Scots pro-
ad vifmg that Prince Charles was proclaimed Kingclaim Pri"nce
of Scotland by the whole Parliament there, wit
great Solemnity; who had alfo refolyed to fend a burgh.
Committee of four, confiding of one Earl, one
Baron, one Buigefs, and one Divine, to invite him
thither ; upon Condition that, before he be admit-
ted to the Exercife of his Royal Power, he fhould
give Satisfaction to the Kingdom of Scotland in
thofe Things that concern'd the Security of Religi-
on, the Union of the two Kingdoms, and the Good
and Peace of that Kingdom, according to the Na-
tional Covenant, and the Solemn League and Co-
venant ; for which End they were refolved, witb.
all poffible Expedition, to make their humble antf
earneft Addrefles unto his Majefty.
Feb. 13. The Commons ordered that no pri-
vate Bufmefs Ihould be admitted to be debated
there till the 26th of this Month. Then
Mr. Sco.t reported, from the Committee appoint-
ed to nominate a Council of State, the following
Inftru&ions for their Direction ; which were a-
greed to by the.Houfe, and are as follow :
I. ' 'VTOU, or any of you, are hereby autho-^^uaionn for
* j[ rized and required to oppofe and fupprefs s^teC°uni:il
6 whomfoever (hall endeavour to go about to fet
* up or maintain the pretended Title of Charts
Stewart^
febiuary.
10 T6e Parliamentary His TOR v
4 Steiuart, eldeft Son to the late King, or any
,' other of the faid late King's IflTue, or claiming
' tinder him or them ; or the pretended Title or
* Claim of any other fingle Perfon whomfoever,
' to the Crown or" England or Ireland, Dominion
' of Wales, or to any of the Dominions or Terri-
* tories to them, or either of them, belonging.
II. * You, or any * of you d, are hereby autho-
' rized and impowered to order and direct all the
6 Militias and Forces, both by Sea and Land, of
t -England and Ireland, and the Dominions to them,
* or either of them, belonging, for preferving the
* Peace and Safety thereof ; and for preventing, re-
' lifting, and fupprefling all Tumults and Infurrec-
* tions that (hall happen to rife in them, or either
' of them, or any Invafions of them from abroad :
t An<j alfo, upon any Emergencies, to raife and
' arm fuch Forces as you (hall judge neceflary for
* the Ends above exprefs'd ; and to give Commif-
* fions, under the Seal of the Council, to fuch Of-
* fleers as you fhall judge neceflary for the leading,
' conducing, and commanding of the faid Forces ;
f and for the Profecution and Purfuance of thefe
' Inftru&ions, or of any other Inftru6tions you
' fhall receive from the Parliament.
III. * You are hereby authorized and required
' to life all good Ways and Means for the redu-
' cing of Ireland, the Ifles of 'Jerfey, Guern/ey,
« Scilley, and the Ifle of Man ; and all other Parts
* and Places belonging to the Commonwealth ot
' England, not yet reduced.
IV. « You, or any * of you, fhall take Care that
' the 'Stores and Magazines of all Military Provi-
* fions, both for the Land Service and for the Sea,
* be, from Time to Time, vHl and fufficiently
c furniflied ; and that the fame 1-- iffued, as you,
* or any * of you, (hall, by Warrant, Direct : And
*• you, or any * of yau, are alfo, irom Time
* to
<J Thefe Inflru6\ion5 are thus enter'd in the Journah : But, on
{he jyth of this MonUi, it was refolved, Thut every Inftruftion
ihpuld go on in the general, Tau are hereby eittkorixed, without
Mention of
Of ENGLAND. IT
*• to Time, to take Care of the Repair of the Ship- Inter-regnum.
4 ping belonging to the Commonwealth j and to
* build fuch others as you fhall judge neceflary
4 for the Defence and Safety thereof.
V. * You, or any * of you, are to ufe all good
« Ways and Means for the Securing, Advancement,
* and Encouragement of the Trade of England
4 and Ireland, and the Dominions to them belong-
4 ing ; and tp promote the Good of all foreign
* Plantations and Factories belonging to this Com-
4 monwealth, or any of the Natives thereof.
VI. 4 You, or any * of you, fhall advife, order,
4 and direct concerning the entertaining, keeping,
' renewing, or fettling of Amity and a good Cor-
* refpondency with foreign Kingdoms and States ;
* and for preferving the Rights of the People of
4 this Nation in foreign Parts, and compofmg of
4 their Differences there ; and you are hereby au-
4 thorized to fend Ambafladors, Agents, or Mef-
* fengers to any foreign Kingdom or State ; and
* to receive Ambafladors, Agents, or Meflengers
* from them for the Ends aforefaid
VII. 4 You are to advife and confult of anjf
4 Thing concerning the Good of this Common-
* wealth, and report your Opinions concerning the
4 fame, as you find Occafion, to the Parliament.
VIII. * You, or any * of you, are hereby au-
' thorized to fend for any Perfon or Perfons what-
* foever, to advife with them, in purfuance of
4 thefe or any other Instructions that fhall be given
4 unto you.
IX. 4 You, or any * of you, have hereby Power
4 and are authorized to fend for any Records, Wri-
4 tings, Accounts, Books, or Papers that you fhall
4 think fit for your Information, in any Caufe, Mat-
4 ter, or Thing in Agitation before you, in pur-
4 fuance of thefe or any other Instructions that
* fhall be given you by the Parliament.
X. 4 You, or any * of you, have Power, and
4 are authorized, in cafe of Danger to the Com-
4 monwealth, to adrr.inifter an Oath to any Per-
* fon or Perfons for the Difcovery of the Truth.
XL
12 The Parliamentary HISTORY
XI. £ You, or any * of you, are hereby autho-
1648. < rized and impowered to fend for and imprifon,
*-^v — -' * or otherwife to fecure, by taking bound in Recog-
February. < nj7,:1nce, any fuch Perfon or Perfons as {hall be
* Offenders againft thefe or any other Inftrtictions
4 which you {hall receive from the Parliament;
* and all fuch as {hall contemn, or be refractory
4 to any your Commands, Directions, or Orders
4 in purfuance of the faid Inftructions.
XII. 4 You, or any * of you, have hereby
4 Power, and are authorized to charge the Public
4 Revenue, by Warrant under the Seal of the Coun-
4 cil, with fuch Sum and Sums of Money, from
4 Time to Time, as you {hall find neceflary for
4 defraying all Charges of foreign Negotiations,
4 Intelligence, and other Incidencies ; and for the
4 Salary of fuch fubordinate Officers and Attend-
c ants as you {hall judge fit to employ ; and for the
4 effectual carrying on of the Service by thefe In-
4 ftructions committed to you, or by any other In-
4 ftructions hereafter to be given you from the Par-
4 liament.
XIII. ' You are alfo, or any * of you, to ob-
4 ferve and put in Execution fuch further Orders
* as you {hall receive from Time to Time from
4 the Parliament.
XIV. ' The Power hereby committed to this
* Council of State {hall continue for the Space of
4 one Year from the Day of palling hereof, unlels
4 it be otherwife ordered by the Parliament.'
Feb. 14. The Houfe, according to a former Or-
der, went upon the Nomination of Perfons tocon-
ftitute their new Council of State; when the fol-
lowing Lords and Gentlemen were named :
Tbe Names of Safl* Earl of Denbkh-> Henry Rolle, Lord Chief
tMV that con- Edmund, Earl of Mid- Juftice of the Upper
flitutedit. grave, Bench,
Philip,Kw\ of Pembroke, Oliver St. Join, Lord
William, E. of Salifbury, Chief Juftice of the
William, Lord Grey of Common Bench.
Of E N G
John Wylde, Lord Chief
Baron of the Court of
Exchequer,
John Bradjhaw, Serjeant
at Law,
'Thomas, Lord Fairfax,
Thomas, Lord Grey of
Groby,
Oliver Cromwell, Efq;
Philip Skippon, Efq;
Henry Martin, Efq;
JJaac Pennington, Alder-
man of London,
Su Gilbert Pickering, Bt.
Rowland Wilfon, Alder-
man of London,
Anthony Stapeley, Efq;
Sir William Mafiam, Bt.
Will,
LAND. 13
Buljlrode Whitlocke, Efq> Inter-regnum,
Sir Arthur Heflerig, Bart- r64-8-
Sir James Harrin? ton, Kt- *— --v— — '
Robert Wallop,^; Februar>''
"John Hutchinfon, Efq;
Sir Henry Vane, }un. Kt.
J)ennis Bond, Efq;
P<W//>, Lord Life,
Alexander Popham, Efq;
Sir y<?^« D'Anvers, Kt.
Sir William Armyn, Bart.
Valentine Wauton, Efq;
Sir //?«r}> Mildmay, Kt.
Col. P*r/*y,
Sir William Con/table, Bt.
'Jones, Efq;
£//7er, Efq;
Col. Edmund Ludlow,
Thomas Scot, Efq;
The Houfe divided, 50 againft 25, for the Earl
of Pembroke, and 23 only againft 20, for the Ear!
of Salijlury. AH the reft were agreed to without
Divifion ; but a Motion for Commiffary-General
Ireton and Col. Harrijcn to be of this Council of
State, pafs'd in the Negative : However, the next
Day, the Houfe having refolved, That the Num-
ber of Perfons to be of the Council of State fhould
confift of forty-one, and no more, Cornelius Hol-
land and Luke Robinfon, Efqrs. were added to the
foregoing. It was likewife ordered, That nine of
the Perfons above-named, and not under, fhould
conftitute the faid Council of State, to acl: accord-
ing to Inftruclions. But a Queftion being propo-
fed, That there {hould be a Loixi Prefident of this
Council, it paffed in the Negative, by 22 againft
1 6 : So jealous was the Houfe, at this Time, of
the Rule of a fingle Perfon in any Shape whatfo-^.
' r TheAmbaffrfors
Cvcr- from the States
General admitted
Feb. 15. The Commons being informed that the^0 an Audience,
Lord Paw and the Lord. Joachimi, Ambaffadors "1
Or-
14 Tbe Parliamentary HISTORY
Ordinary and Extraordinary from the States Ge-
neraJ of the United Provinces, were ready to re-
ceive an Anfwer from the Houfe to their Papers,
formerly prefented to them, the Serjeant, by Com-
mand, went with his Mace to attend them from
the Court of Wards : And when they were enter-
ed withiri the Houfe, they uncovered their Heads j
Mr. Speaker and the Members of the Houfe, be-
ing likewife uncovered, flood up; and, from the
Bar, the Matter of the Ceremonies and the Serjeant
attended them, the one on the Right Hand, the o-
theron the Left, to two Chairs placed on the North
Side of the Houfe, with two Cufhions and Foot-
ftools ; where being fet, Mr. Speaker read the An-
fwer of the Houfe to them in thefe Words :
IIT*^ tne Commons of England, afiembled
to a Letter, for- ' Y y in Parliament, upon due and ferious
inerly prefented t Confederation of your Lordfhips Addrefs made to
by thofe Ambaf- , \- TI r \ i_ r <v in. J
fadors, interced- tms Houfe the 2gth of January lair, and your
Ing for the late c Papers prefented the 3oth of the fame Month ,
King's Life* < JO) ;n t^e firfl. Place, return our many and hearty
« Thanks unto the High and Mighty Lords the
' States-General of the United Provinces, for their
* fundry goodDefircs, friendly Acknowledgements,
* Well-wiflies, and fair Refpects to the Parliament
* and People of England, in thofe Papers contain-
* ed ; earneftly defiring, on our Parts, a firm and
' durable Continuation of the antient Amity and
* Alliance, formerly made and often renewed, be-
* twixt both thefe Nations : W hereunto we hold
* ourfelves obliged, as having well weighed and
* obferved that no Leagues or Confederacies have
* at any Time been made upon Foundations of
c more joint and common Intereft, in every Re-
4 fpe£t, than thofe of the People of England with
' the Netherlands : And therefore it is our moft
* earneft Defire, that a firm Pe,ace, and right Un-
4 derflanding, and good Correfpondency may be in-
' violably maintained betwixt both Nations for the
* prefent, and moft exa<Slly obferved for the future.
« Acd
Of E N G L A N D. 15
« And whereas your Lordftiips, in the Name of inter-rcgnura,
* the States-General, do gravely advife us concern- l64&-
* ing the Perfon of the King (who was then in ^-~v— •"*
' Part, and hath fmce been more fully, proceeded c luary*
* againft according to Juftice, in a Court eftablifh-
* ed by the Supreme Authority of this Nation, for
4 his tranfcendent Offences, and thofe not commit-
' ted in a Corner) ; we are confident that both the
' High and Mighty Lords the States-General of the
' United Provinces^ and all other States and Princes
* who have taken Notice of our late Affairs, will
' find Caufe to believe that nothing hath been done
' therein but what is agreeable to public Juftice
' and the Fundamentals of this Nation ; which
* certainly muft needs be better known to us than
1 to any other People or Nation in the World. And
c we (hall defire your Lordfhips would from us af-
' fure the High and Mighty Lords the States-Gene-
c rat, that we (hall be ever ready not only to hear,
' but to contribute with them all good Means and
* Offices, to fulfil fuch Works as mall be necef-
* fary for the general Good of Chriftendom, as
* well as for our own.'
After reading this Anfwer the Ambafladors rofe
up, uncovered their Heads, and making a low
Obeifance, declared their good Refentment of the
.Parliament's Anfwer and Refpefts to them, and
were conducted back with the fame Ceremonies.
The fame Day the Houfe ordered that the Arms
of the late King, over the Speaker's Chair, be forth-
with taken down ; and that an Adi: be brought
in for taking away the fame out of the feveral
Courts of Wejlminjler, and all other public Places;
and that the Arms of England be fet up in their
Stead.
Feb. 17. Commiflary-General Ireton reported
the following Declaration, in Anfwer to the Scots
Commiflioners Letters of the 6th and 22d of laft
Month, which was agreed to by the Houfe, or-
dered
16 The Parliamentary HISTORY
dered to be font to thofe Commiffioncrs, and alfo
to be forthwith printed and publilhed e.
February. t yjOW defirous this Houfe and the Well-
A Declaration ' J |_ affedted of this Nation have been, during
of the Houfe, t ajj tne jate Troubles, to preferve a good Under-
go LeuerTfrorn* ftanding with our Brethren of Scotland, wiil be
the Scots Com- * eafily difcerned by the Tranfaclions between us
mifiioners upon * anj them ; wherein, how often and how wil-
the fame Sub- t ijngiy> we havc dcp-,, te,| from our owft Intereft
« to fatisfy theirs, is fufficiently known : And al-
c though it is notorioully evident to all Men, how
' all Treaties and Leagues that were between us
' have been broken and violated by the public Act
* of the late Parliament of Scotland, in invading
* this Nation with a great Army ; and that there-
' fore Obligations from us to them, that had grown
4 from thofe Treaties and Leagues, are, by that
£ Default of theirs, in Juilice, made void, as
* wemuft, and hereby do, declare them to be; yet
* we are ftill willing to entertain a Correfponden-
' cy and good Underftanding, upon the Terms of
' common and mutual Fricndfhip, with the Well-
* affected of that Nation ; and therefore we enter-
* tained, with all fitting Refpeds, their Commif-
« ftoners lately lent hither, upon the Sight of their
* Letters of Credence ; but having fince received
* from thofe their Commiflioncrs certain Letters^
' dated the fixth and twenty- fecond of January
' laft, which contain divers Things in relation to
c our Affairs, hot proper for any of another Nation
' to take Notice of, at leaft not in fuch a Manner
< and furh Terms as they do : Although it, there-
* fore, feems not neceflary for us to give them
* any Anfwer thereunto ; yet they, or ibme other
' for them, having taken a Courfe to print and
« publifli the fame, as far as in them lies, to the
* Prejudice and Scandal of our juit and neceflary
* Proceedings, we find ourfelves concerned to pub-
* li(h a juit Anfwer thereunto, for Satisfaction to
' the
e From the Original Edition, printed for Edward Hiflandi! f't-
bruary 22, 1648.
Of E N G L A N D. 17
c the World, to the View whereof they have ex- Interregnum.
' pofed the fame ; and therefore finding their Let-
* ter of the Twenty-fecond to be little more than ^^^"^
* the fuller exprefling, and further urging, the lat-
' ter Part of that of the fixth of January ^ we mall
' follow the Order of their firft Letter, and at the
c lull Paragraph anfwer both that and their other
c together.
'"And although, by this Method, we {hall be
' forced often to fall into fome Repetitions, their
* Letter having the fame Things almoft in every
* Paragraph ; yet that nothing may be omitted, we
' fh all take that Courfe.
' But, before we come to thofe Particulars, we
* muft needs take Notice of one Miftake, generally
* implied in their Letters, and more than once
c plainly held forth, As if the King's P erf on might
' not be difpofed of in England, without the Advice
' and Confent of the Kingdom of Scotland j which
' AfTertion, in thefe Letters implied, and in fe-
4 veral Papers of their former Commiffioners ex-
' prefly mentioned, hath received fo full and clear
1 an Anfwer, by the Declaration of this Houfe,
e pafled and publifhed the 28th of November, 1646^
' as that nothing need be further faid in that Point;
* that Declaration having been fent to the Parlia-
* ment of Scotland, and delivered by our lail Com-
' miflioners there, and we having not yet feen any
c Thing publifhed in Anfwer to it : When we fhall
' find any Thing anfwered, as to that Point, that
* fhall feem to need a Reply, we fhall be ready to
* fatisfy any juft Objection ; but, in the mean
' Time, think it neceflary either to repeat or epito-
' mize what is there fully declared.
Next follows a Copy of the Scots Commiffioners
Letters of the 6th and -iid of January loft,
already given in our Eighteenth Volume, and
then the Parliament's Anfwer digefted by way
of Paragraph, thus,
« As to the firft Paragraph, this being but an
' Enumeration of fuch Things, about which they
VOL. XIX B 'were
February.
18 ^Tbc Parliamentary HISTORY
* were to prefent Proportions to the King, and to
c deal with him and the Houfes, viz. Concerning
' Forms in Religion in this Nation ; and for that
' we meet with the fame Particulars in moft Parts
' of their Letter upon feveral Occafions, we mall
' fay no more here ; but that it is well known to
' the Commiflioners, what Pains hath been taken
* already in that Affair, and how much Time fpent
' about it ; and we doubt not but God will be fo
* with us, as we (hall do that, for promoting and
' eftabliming of Religion in this Nation, which
* God, by his Word, fhall difcover to us to be
' his Will and our Duty in it. But whatever the
' Propofitions were, which, they fay, they had to
' prefent to the King, concerning any Thing to be
' eftablifhed, prevented, or perfected in this Na-
' tion, we hope they were not meant to have been
* prefented to the late King by them alone, with-
' out the Parliament of England, for that were to
' have afTumed to themfelves and him a Power of
' impofing Laws upon this Nation as they pleafed j
* which were an Infringement of the diftindt Rights
' and Liberties of the free People of this Nation,
* contrary to all Treaties, and the Covenant itfelf,
' and an Ufurpation not to be indured without jufi
* Indignation on ourParts,and Reparation on theirs ;
* and yet their Language fcems to import no lefs :
* But if they meant Propofitions from them, to have
' been prefented to the Parliament, and then, if
* approved, to the King, as from both Kingdoms,
* we have already had Experience enough of ad-
' mitting the Commiflioners of Scotland to an In-
' tereft or Communication with us, in Propofitions
* concerning the Affairs of this Nation; andfartoo
' much of multiplying Propofitions or Addreffes to
* that Man, and attending, for our Peace, the Plea-
* fure of him, who, for the Advancement of his
* own Will, Power, and Perfonal .Intereft, againft
' the Public Intereft of the feveral Kingdoms, hath
' been the chief Author, Continuer, and Rencwer,
* of all the Wars and Troubles in the three King-
* doms 3 and hath too abundantly demonftrated,
« That
Of E N G L A N D. 19
* That he would not willingly admit of any Peace Inter-regntirru
' or Settlement, but for thf/ Advantage of his and
' his Family's Intereft, to the public Prejudice of
* the feveral Kingdoms, r jr at leaft of this;
* In Anfwer to the fe cond Paragraph : We are
' very forry to fee marty Paflages in their Letter,
* which if we {hould p? .fs over in Silence, we fhould
c do wrong to the pui dicCaufe in our Hands ; and
* if we anfwer them, as we ousrht, we muft fpeak
* the Things we had rather forbear. From whence
* thefe late Diftra^ .ions, which they fay are grown
* fo high, had tb eir firft Contrivance, and from
c whom they wer.e fomented in their Breeding and
c Infancy, we a; .e not ignorant, though there are
c thofe of the St :0ts Nation that know it better than
* we ; and hoi <v the Kingdom of Scotland did, in
' the Midft of thofe DiftradYions, invade us with a
* great Army , is known to all Men ; which, with-
* out the e- xtraordinary Power of God appearing
* wonderfu' Jy for us, had overwhelmed us, as the
' State of our Affairs was then complicated and
* diftradf ,d by the working of the faid Contrivances,
' and rar .fmg of InfurredYtons in moft Parts of the
4 Land .• t and as our Forces were then in feveral
' Place' 3 divided, and engaged for fupprefling fuch
« Infur re£lions : But as God was then pleafed to
' own our own weak Condition, and execute Judg-
* me' llt by a handful of Men upon the proud Ene-
' mi ,9 that had already fwallowed us up in De-
foedifragous
us in our diftra&ed Condition; and in all o-
ther Places of the Kingdom was with us, blef-
* fing our Forces with Succefs, to a happy Ending
« of this fecond and moft dangerous War ; fo we
« hope he will carry us through in the Execution of
« Juftice impartially upon all the principal Authors
« of thefe Troubles and Diftradions, and thereby
« to lay the furer Foundation of a found Peace, the
« Execution of Juftice being the beft Means to e-
B 2 ' ftablifh
20 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
* ftablifh the Tranquility ar.d Happinefs of an}'
' People j and without our thus proceeding, even-
* againft the grcateft Offender, the King, (for
ebruary. < wnOm this Letter pleaded) we could not expect
' to fee any End of our Troubles.
' To what they fay concerning a Force placed
' upon the Paffages to the Houfes, and the reil that
c followeth in that Point, we fhould have expected,
* of all Men, to have heard Icalt of that from thefe
' Commiffioners of Scotland : It is not fix Months
c fince that (the Army of the Parliament of Scot-
' land, which invaded this Kingdom, being, by
' the Bleffing of God, overcome) thofe that now
' govern Affairs there, who were before oppreffed
' by them, raifed Forces of their own Authority >
* and, by Force, caufed them who had the Parlia-
* mentary Authority, to fly from Edinburgh ; and,
' by the Help of our Forces then in the North, in-
' vitcd to their Afiiftance, did compel the difband-
' ing of the Forces there remaining that were raifed
' by the Parliament ; and, having modelled their
' own Forces, did call another Parliament while,
' the former was, by Adjournment, continued; and
' gave fuch Limitations to the new Elections as
' they judged molt for the Intercft, Safety, and
4 Peace of that Kingdom ; and that Parliament
, * hath fince fat under the Protection of thofe Forces.
.' fo raifed.
' All which Particulars put together, do certain-
' ly amount to as much Irregularity and Breach,.
' in Form, of both Privilege of Parliament, and
' Freedom of Elections thereto, as that which.
' our Army (raifed by full Authority of Parliament,
* for Defence of the Liberties of this Kingdom)
* hath done, in fecluding fome Members of Parlia-
* ment, and imprifoning others, who had begun,
* carried on, and were proceeding, refolvcdly, to
* finifh fuch a Conjunction with the common Ene-
' my, as would vifiWy have rendered up thofe Li-
' berties into his Hands ; debarred that Juflice upon
* Delinquents, to which even the Covenant did
* engage; ;:nd defeated the Hopes of that Reform a-
* tioii
Of ENGLAND. 21
* tion, and precluded the Coufideration of thofe
* Matters of Religion, which thefe Commiffioners
* here plead for, and for which only, or principally,
' they 'fay, they were employed hither.
' The Impriloning of fome of which Members
* is alledged, by the Army, to be, amongft other
* Things, for Confederacies or Correfpondences
* with that Party in Scotland, againft whom, and
* in thofe Engagements and Actings for which,
* the faid Committee of Eftates there hath fo pro-
' ceeded as aforefaid ; which we fuppofe will, in
* due Time, be made appear accordingly. Nei-
* ther furely can our continuing, without thofe
* Members, to fit in Parliament, under the Safe-
4 guard of this Army, be lefs justifiable in Form,
* than their Committee of Eftates, fitting under
' the Protection of that Force they had fo raifed as
* aforefaid, without the Members they had driven
* away thereby; of than their new Parliament's fit-
' ting by virtue of thofe Actings, and under Pro-
4 tec~Hon of the fame Force.
' We do not mention thefe Things as condemn-
' ing them, or to recriminate or retort upon them ;
' nor do we think their Examples to be our or the
' Army's Juilification ; for it is the Juftnefs of the
' Grounds and Ends, the Integrity of Intentions,
' and Neceflity of the Actings in relation to thofe
' Ends, that only can juftify them or us in fuch
* Proceedings: But we conceive thefe Commifiion-
* ers might well have fpared the Mention of thefe
4 Particulars, both for that they are Strangers to
' our Intereft, and ought not to interpofe in it ; and
4 for that they, and the Committee of Eftates that
* fent them, have a6led higher in the fame Nature
* themfelvfes, and their Parliament now fits by the
* Power of thofe Actings.
* And whereas they fay, The Members were fe-
* eluded during Transactions of bighejl Moment ;
' the late Papers from the Army, and our late Re-
' folutions in relation to that Seclufion, may fuffi-
* ciently evidence that it was immediately done,
B 3 'and
22 *Tbe Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regmim. * and is continued, upon occaiion of that Vote of
1648. * the 5th of December laft; whereupon we leave
c— ^v-^^ < it to be confidered, whether thole Transactions,
February. < jn reiatjon to which the Members were exclu-
' c|ed, were not their Endeavours of doling with
' the King, to the deferting of thofe Matters of
' religious Concernment, for which thcfe Com-
' miflioners were fent, and do hoc fo much plead ;
* or whether the Members, fo excluded, were any
* other than fuch as were guilty of that Endeavour ?
' And whereas they fay, It bath occafioned many
( others to withdraw, becaufe they cannot aft as a
* free Parliament : Whether this be their Judg-
* ment, or the Commiffioners own, we know not;
* if fome Members, that are abfent, be of that
' Judgment, that they cannot act freely, we nei-
* ther force their Judgments, nor find ourfelves
' under any fuch Force, as to hinder the free Ex-
* ercife of our own. We doubt not but ftrong
< Endeavours are ufed, as they have been, and
* will be, to overturn all true and thorough Re-
* formation ; and the Reformation in Scotland
* hath not wanted Oppofition in their own Na-
' tion, and Endeavours of Subverfion, as well
* formerly as now lately, by that wicked Army
* that invaded us : In which Action had they pro-
* fpered, thefe Commiflioners, and their Friends
* there, might furely have expected the utter ex-
* tirpating of their Reformation, and all that had
' pretended to it, although that Army profeffed al-
c fo for the Covenant. But why the Commif-
* fioners complain of it to us we underftand not,
* nor are confcious of any Guilt in oppofing Re-
f formation ; but truft that God will carry on his
* own Work of a perfect and thorough Refor-
* mation, according to his own Will, in his own
* Way, againft all the Endeavours and Oppoft-
' tions of any Profanenefs or Formality whatfo-
* ever : And we ti uft alfo that God will make us
f. * faithful in the Contribution of our utmoft Power
* to that End, as far as he fhall r.eveal his Will un-
5 to us concerning our Duty in it.
* Fct'
Of E N G L A N D. 23
* For c aft ing off the Minijiry : We have no fuch Inter-regnum.
4 Intention, nor know we any fuch Thing in fa& ; l648-
* if any of them find their Audience thinner than <^j^"*J
4 formerly, they may do well to examine, whether
* the Caufe hath not been chiefly from themfelves,
* by feeking their own Things, more than the
* Things of Chrift; but for thofe to whom God
* hath given Grace to be found faithful in the Work
* of the Gofpel, and continue fo, we know not any
4 fuch, who want either due Honour and Refpect,
* or competent Maintenance amongft us : And as
4 we are refolved, for our Parts, during the Time
4 of our Truft, fo we are confident it will be the
4 Care of thofe that (hall fucceed us in the Legif-
4 lative Power of this Nation, that very comfortable
4 Subfiftence fhall be provided for all fuch, in what
4 Way foever it fhall be fettled, for the moft quiet
* and beft Contentment both of fuch Minifter and
4 People.
' For the Toleration of all Religions and Forms of
( IVorjbip, that their Letter objeits ; we know not
4 whom they intend in that Charge : As for the
* Truth and Power of Religion, it being a Thing
4 intrinfical betwen God and the Soul, and the
4 Matters of Faith in the Gofpel being fuch, as no
4 natural Light doth reach unto, we conceive there
* is no human Power of Coertion thereunto, nor to
4 reftrain Men from believing what God fuffers
4 their Judgments to be perfuaded of; but if they
4 mean only the outward and public Forms of Pro-
* feflion or Worfhip, we know no fuch univerfal
4 Toleration endeavoured or intended amongft us,
4 neither yet do we find any Warrant to perfecute
* all that do not worfhip God, or profefs to believe
* in the fame Form that we do.
4 Neither do we conceive that this were to de-
4 Jiroy the Caufe ', in ivhicb we have been engaged.
4 The main Caufe in which we have been engaged
4 hath been, the Vindication of the Freedom and
4 Liberties of the Nation from Tyranny and Slave-
4 *y j which, we hope, by the Blefling of God,
* will
24 Ibe Parliamentary HISTORY
Xnter-rcgnum. * will be effected ; and without this (being the
1648. * Foundation of all the other Superftrudtures) it
>l— ~\L~ — ' *> were in vain to pleale ourfelves with Apprehen-
* fions of that Reformation and thofe Formalities,
4 which would be in the Power of an uniubdued
* Tyrant to abolifh, whenfoever it fhould be found
4 inconfiftent with his other Defigns. But a free
* Condition of a juft Liberty being once fettled in
4 the Nation, it will be then capable of receiving all
4 the Additions of a bcne eJTe either in civil Things,
* or thofe of Religion: ds for fruftrattng the Ends of
' the Covenant, "with private or fenijier Ends any
4 may have had therein (which perhaps they may
* fear will be fruftrated) we know not 5 -but, as to
* any public vilible Ends of it, nothing hath pafled
4 from us to the Fruftration thereof ; we wiih we
4 could fay fo of the late Parliament of Scotland, or
4 of Commifiioners that have been lent from them ;
* or that there had been lefb Swearing, and more
* Performance, toward all honeft and godly Ends.
' And if, upon fuch a complex Engagement to fe-
* veral Things (which may not always be confiftent)
* any Actions which may bear a Colour of Failure,
* as to one or other Particular have been neceffi-
4 tated to be undertaken, for the preferving of the
4 higher and more principal Ends engaged ; we
4 hope fuch Things, which fome are apt to render
4 as Breach of Covenant, and tending to fruftrate
< the Ends of it, will yet, before God and good
' Men, be found the moil real Performance and
< fulfilling thereof.
4 And thus we might leave their Fears, expref-
4 fed in the Remainder of this Paragraph, to abate
* together with their prqmifed Grounds, which we
4 have feverally anfwered : But that thefe Things
* enumerated (tho* they were as true and foul as
* they are reprefented) fhould alone be the Matter
*. of fuch Fears, as thence they infer, we cannot al-
* together agree. We muft acknowledge there are
* manyotherThings that have been, and ?.rz,Mat-
* ter of high Provocation to the Wrath of God, and
4 whereby
Of E N G L A N D. 25
* whereby Dijhonour bath been done to his Name, and Inter-regnum.
* Reproach brought upon Religion; and we do much
* rejoice to fee any tender Heart fo really fenfible
* of his own Fault or Failing, as to ftir him up to
* the moft effectual Endeavours after an univerfal
* Change and Reformation ; and we earneftly de-
4 fire that God will give us all fuch a Senfe and fuch
* Efre&s of it, and that a general Reformation in
4 this Kingdom may be rather the genuine and na-
* tural Refult of our changed Minds, drawing near
4 to God, than the external Drefs of an impofing
4 Law.
4 If there be fuch Divifeon as to weaken usy we
* hope the Caufe {hall not be on our Parts ; how
4 any of the Bands of Union between us and Scot"
4 land have been broken, we are well able to give
4 the World an Account ; and this Nation is very
* fenfible how much we fuffered to have prevented
4 it.
* If we underftood how any Thing we are about,
* mould invite foreign Enemies againjl us, we mould
* do our beft to avoid it : We are at prefent in
* League with all our tranfmarine Neighbours, and
4 mall endeavour to deal juftly with them accord-
4 ing to our Treaties, and to keep the Articles of
4 our feveral Alliances ; and we hope they will not
4 efpoufe a Quarrel foreign to them, to the Inter-
4 ruption of mutual Commerce with us, wherein
* they are more concerned.
* For the promoting of the Popi/h Intereft, and
4 deftroying the Reformed Religion , and the Peace
4 and Happinefs of the Kingdoms ; we know not
4 why fuch Suggeftions came into this Catalogue of
4 ill Confequences, as objected to us, unlefs, asf
4 many of the reft, that the Paper being publifhed,
4 might caft the greater Odium upon our prefent
4 Tranfadtions : Neither can we underftand any
4 other Reafons why the lofeng of Ireland mould
4 be thruft in amongft thofe Confequences : But as
* to that poor Kingdom, which thefe Commifiion-
4 ers would feem fo felicitous for, we cannot but
4bc
26 The Parliamentary HISTORV
* be fenfible of any Lofs there, as ours more im-
* mediately, and not theirs: And what Lofs or
' Prejudice hath of late Years been incurred there,
' hath been chiefly occafioned, either by the fail-
' ing, or evil Carriage, of the Scots Forces, enter-
' tained and pretending to ferve us there, or elfe
' through Inckequin's Revolt j whom the prevail-
' ing Faction of thofe corrupt Members lately a-
c mongll us (in whofe Behalf thefe Commiffioners
c are now fo zealous) had put into the Capacity of
* doing us and Englijh Proteftants there fo much
' Mifchief j yet we hope God will carry us on in
' fuch Counfels and Ways, whereby thofe Lofles
* may be recovered, and that miferable Country
c timely relieved, notwithftanding the Interruption
* given by thefe Papers, and the Difcontents there-
« by endeavoured to be raifed to the Hinderance of
* that Service.
' To the third Paragraph, which contains what
' the Kingdom of Scotland hath done for this King-
* dom, and what they have undertaken, we fay,
* Whatever the Well-affeaed in Scotland did, in
' their brother-like Affe&ion to this Nation, when
* our Preffures were heavieft upon us, we fhall not
* forget: We deny not their firft coming into Eng-
*• land was an Occafion of the calling of this Par-
' liament; and we were not unthankful to them
* for what they then did ; but, out of a brotherly
* Acknowledgment of the Benefit, gave them for
« their brotherly Afiiftance 300, ooo/. We defire
* alfo the Commiflioners may remember, that the
* laft Parliament before this fuffered itfelf to be bro-
* ken up, without any vifible Hopes of ever feeing
? another, rather than contribute Monies to the
* King, when they faw it would have been em-
* ployed to the oppreffing and ruining of the Scots
•* Nation : And, long before this, tho' we fhould
* forget it, the People of Scotland have left it upon
* Record, with much Gratitude and Truth, that,
* under God, they were delivered by the Forces of
* this Nation, in the very Infancy of their Refor-
' mation
Of ENGLAND 27
' mation, from the French and therewith the Popifh Interregnum.
* Yoke, which nothing, under God, then hinder'd
* from putting on, but that ieafonable and effectual
* Afiiftance they received from hence. We know
' alfo they cannot forget fo foon, that we have not
* been wanting to our Friends in Scotland, who now
' have the governing Power there, when they wers
* brought low by the Power of the Army ; which,
' by Order of the Parliament of Scotland, invaded
* this Nation, to the Breach of all Leagues and
* Treaties between us : And when that Army, by
* the juft Hand of God againft them, were deftroy-
' ed; and that Lieutenant- General Cromwell, in
' purfuance of that Vi£tory, with our Forces,
c marched to the Borders for the Recovery of the
4 Towns treacheroufly taken from us, he entered
4 not Scotland in Hoftility, and without Difcrimi-
' nation, to retaliate the Injuries and Spoil this Na-
* tion fuffered from that invading Army; but came
* to the Affiftance of the Well-affecled there, up-
' on their Defire; and we, out of a Senfe of the
4 Oppreflion of our Friends, before we had heard
* either from him or them, gave Order that, upon
* their Defire, he ftiould afford them all feafonable
4 Relief and Affiftance; and accordingly fuch of
6 our Forces were left there, as thofe our Friends
4 judged neceffary, for the finifhing their Work,
4 and fettling their Security againft thofe who had
4 oppiefled them and invaded us, and forthwith
* marched the reft out of that Kingdom that they
* might not be a further Charge and Burthen there-
* to. So as, we truft, we have given fufficient
* Demonftration, that we have not, for that na-
* tional Invafion, deferted our Friends and the ho-
4 neft Party in that Nation ; but affiiled and ftood
* by them, and given them our beft Help to put
* Affairs again into their Hands.
* For the Epitome of the Covenant, that is the
* Matter of the reft of this Paragraph, we conceive
* there is little Reafon for them to object the break-
* ing thereof unto us, being wholly broken, and
«- all Treaties with it, by that national Invafion ;
' which
Jnter-regnum
1648.
Pebruary,
28 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
* which had not God almoft miraculoufly blafted
4 and brought to nought, all the Particulars they
* have enumerated had been buried in the Over-
* flowings of Tyranny and Profanenefs ; only be-
' caufe the dividing the King from his People is one
' Particular urged, we would have it remembered
' who protefted againft the King's pafling four Bills
* at the Ifle of Wight, about the End of December^
* 1647, which fhould have been the Aflurance of
* a following Treaty ; not only ufurping therein
* a Negative Voice upon the Legiflativc Power of
' England, but being thereby the vifible Caufe of
' not proceeding then to a Treaty ; and whether
' this was not more truly a Means of dividing the
« King from the People, we leave to the Judgment
« of all Men.
' As for preserving Peace and Union between the
6 Nations ; we wilh they would have let this pafs ;
' for we blufh to repeat fo often that it was broken
' by that national Acl, we being invaded by their
' Army, fet out by the Authority of their Parlia-
* ment. And to this Particular we fhall add thus
' much more, That we were fo tender of keeping
6 the Treaties, and fo defirous of maintaining the
c Union that was by them begun between the two
' Nations, that although we knew well by what
* Spirit the Affairs of Scotland were then acted, and
c what Affection they who were in Power had to
' Peace ; and were not ignorant that a War was
' determined, and Forces levied againft us early
* laft Spring ; and that many of our own Delin-
' quents and Malignants did daily flock into Scot-
' land, and were entertained there, and would not
' be delivered to Punifhment, though required ac-
* cording to the exprefsTerms of the Treaty, by our
* Commi0ioners there refident, by our Special Or-
* der to them for that Purpofe ; yet we forbare not
* only to put Garrifons into the Towns of Berwick
* and Cartijle, becaufe it feemed againft the Great
* Treaty ; but did not fo much as bring any to the
* Borders, (as we might have done, and laid them
* at iuch Diitancc as might have prevented the Sur-
4 prize
Of ENGLAND. 29
' prize of thofe Towns) becaufe we would not give
' Alarm to that Nation, or caufe any Apprehen-
' lion in our Friends there, that we had any In-
* tentions of Hoftility againft them; but we rather rebruary-
' chofe to have a Breach made upon us, than to
' make it j and to have our Towns taken from us,
* which we forefaw was like to happen, rather than
' to do any Thing that might be interpreted, to
' tend to a Breach of Union, or of the Treaties :
* And we repent not ourTendernefs therein, tho*
' we are not infenfible of what we fuffered by itr
* God having owned our Caufe, and borne witnefs
' to our Defire of Peace, by ftretching out his
* Hand upon that Hypocritical and Faith-breaking
' Army, and their Adherents, and by reducing
' them to a Neceflity of ordering the Reititution of
* our Towns.
'In the fourth Paragraph, they fay what the
' Houfes and their Nation have declared; and here
' again reckon tip Reformation of Religion^ Extir-
4 pat ion of Popery' and Prelacy, and SuppreJJion of
' Herefy and Scbifm j and to this we ftill fay, We
* fhall endeavour, with all that Power that God
'hath given us, that Religion maybe reformed
' according to the Word of God, which is the
' Rule of Truth, and that which is fo reformed
' according to the bed Reformed Churches ; for the
< very Rule of their Reformation is alfo the Scrip-
* tures, 'to which what Church foever draws moft
f near in its Reformation, that is the beft reformed
' Church. And if we fhould acknowledge any one
' Church to be fo well reformed, as it might ob-
' trude its Reformation for a Pattern, which others
' might neceflarily follow, though its Conformity
' to that fupreme Rule be not evident to thofe up-
' on whom fuch Uniformity is obtrudqd, it were
4 juflly to be accounted a Part of that Popery which
* we have declared to extirpate.
4 For Prelacy ; we know not why that is in the
' Paper, we conceiving that all their Jurifdi&iou
* is taken away, and a great Part of their Lands
' fold ; and they know very well to what Pur-
* pofc
30 The Parliamentary HISTORY
* pofe a great Part of the Money was employed ;
* and we wifn them and all Covenanters, as to this
* Point, to confider whether what they fo complain
* of, in behalf of fccluded Members, were not done
' in reference to their endeavoured Conjunction
' with the King, on fuch Terms as would have left
' to Prelacy a remaining Root and Foundation in
* this Nation.
e By Popery we Conceive they mean Popifh Doc-
* trine or \Vorfhip, for the Jurifdiction of it, they
* know, hath been long extirpated out of this Na-
' tion ; and, for that Doctrine or Worfhip, we
* give it no Allowance of public or private Teach-
' ing or Practice : And as it is a Matter of Opinion
* in the Minds of particular Men, we have found
* that all the Sharpnefs of our Laws, which have
* been fufficiently fevere againft them, hath not
f been able to extirpate it ; and, as thefe the Com-
* miflioners well know, all that hath been done in
* Scotland againft Popery, in purfuance of their Co-
* venant, hath not yet wrought fuch Effects, but
' that many of that Profeffion are ftill living among
* them : And, indeed, that fome Tares, both of
' evil Men and Mifworfhippers, will be left in the
4 Field of the World till the Harveft, notwith-
* Handing the good Seed fown by the Mafter, and
' all the Care of the Servants, we find it not barely
* foretold, but the violent plucking of them up for-
* bidden, and a plain Injunction added, That both
* Jhould be let grow together imtill Harve/f ; which
* certainly were intended as Rules to the Servants,
* at leaft, in relation to fuch Weeds and to fuch
* Ways of plucking up, where there might be
* Danger with the Weeds to pluck up the Wheat
* nlfo : And therefore, as to Herefy^ Schifm^ c5V.
« firft we muft defire all Men to take Notice, that
4 the Covenant doth not engage abfolutely that we
* will extirpate or fupprefs, as thefe Commiflioners
' render it (which were an high Prefumption) j
* but that we will endeavour it, in our feveral
* Places and Callings, and by all lawful Ways and
« Means ; which certainly is to be underftood,
'that
Of E N G L A N D. 31
* that, to the feveral Things to be endeavoured, Inter-regrram,
* fuch Ways and Means ihould be ufed as, accord-
* ing; to the Nature of the Things feverally, are
i * f i A t 11
' proper and lawful : And, next, we declare that
' the beft Way for the Extirpation and Suppref-
' fion of Herefy and Schifm, as we conceive, is,
' to hold forth the Truth in Love ; which, fo held
* out, will beget I/ove, and thereby gain the bet-
* ter Reception in them that hear it. And it fhall
* be our Care to provide for thofe who may fo hold
' it out, and then wait for an effectual Bleffing from
* God upon thofe Means.
' To what they tell us of our declaring, That
4 we will maintain the Fundamental Government of
* this Kingdom, by King, Lords, and Commons ; we
* defire to know what Intereft Scotland hath in the
* Government of England, that there fhould be
* any Interposition in it. What Government the
' People of England fhall chufe, we know none
6 that have any Negative upon it : The Legiflative
' Power being in them originally and fundamen-
* tally, and exercifed by thole that reprefent them,
* what Laws they declare or enact they have Power
* alfo to annul and repeal when they fhall judge it
* to be no longer for the Good and Safety of the
' People, which is the higheft Law, to which all
* other Laws and Declarations muft fubmit ; and
' there can be no foreign Judgment of that Safety.
4 To that they fay in this Letter, That, by Con-
' fent of both Kingdoms, the King was to come to
* Holdenby; and to that in their fecond Letter,
* That it will be a great Grief to their Hearts, and
' lie heavy upon their Spirits, to fee their trujling
* of his P erf on to the Parliament of England made
' ufe of to his Ruin, it hath been fo fully cleared in
' the aforefaid Declaration of this Houfe of the
* 28th of November, 1646, that the Kingdom
* of Scotland had no Right of difpofmg of the Per-
* fon of the King in England, as that we fhall add
* nothing to it: We (hall only fay, That they did
* not truft the King with the Parliament of Eng-
f land-t for he was not at all in the Power of the
« King-
32 The Parliamentary HISTORY
lotcr-regnum. * Kingdom of Scotland, for he was not then in
1648. < Scotland; neither was the Army of Scots in Eng-
*--"7v-"-' •< land, the Kingdom of Scotland, nor the Army of
:uary* c Scotland: It was indeed an Army of the Scots
' Nation ; but it was the Army of England in their
* Service, and in their Pay ; and to whom fhould
' they deliver the King of England, coming into
* their Power in England, while they were in the
* Service and Pay of England, but to the Parlia-
* ment of England?
* Befides, how can they affirm the common Enemy
* was fubdued, as in the next Words before, if he
' was then in an Army, that had Right to defend
' him ftill againft this Parliament, and not deliver
' him up at their Commands ? What other com-
* mon Enemy was it, who made all thatWar againft
* this Nation, was it not he ? And was it not by
* his Commifiions and Commands ? And how was
' he then»fubdued, if the Army, confifting of the
' Scots Nation in the Pay of England, might have
« defended him, and fought for him ? And if they
* thought they might refufe to deliver him, why did
* not that Army carry him with them into Scotland?
' Was it becaufe they knew they had no Authority
' fo to do, or becaufe they knew or feared his Pre-
* fence and the Peace of that Place, wherever he
' fliould come, would be incompatible ?
' To what they fay, That this Parliament did
1 then declare that Rejpetf Jheuld be had to the Safety
' and Prefervation of his Perfon, in the Preferva-
* tion and Defence of the true Religion and Libcr-
' ties of the Kingdom ; and that they would join to
* procure his AJ/ent to the Propofitions, &c. And In
* cafe the King Jhould not affent, yet they will jlill
* maintain the Union between the two Kingdoms, ac-
' cording to the Covenant and Treaties ; we fay,
' that meeting with thefe Things fo often repeated,
* they force us again to aflc, Who broke the Union ?
' Was it according to the Treaty and Covenant
' to invade England with an Army, and that by
* the Authority of the Parliament of Scotland? Or
* can they think that we were bound and they at
• Liberty
Of E N G L A N D. 33
« Liberty to keep it, or require it to be kept, as far inter-regiiufti»
4 only as it mould ferve the Intereft of Scotland? JM-
* And for joining to procure the King's Ajfent to *>- '— v"~ '••*
* Proportions ; whereas it was then deiired but for FebruaT«
* once more, hath it not fmce been fulfilled many
4 Times over on the Part of the Parliament of Eng-
4 land? Were not the Propofitions, agreed to by
* their Commiflicners, fent fince that Time unto
* the King at Hampton- Court , and again refuied
' by him ? And was there not afterwards an Addrefs
* made to him, at the Ifle of Wight ^ with four Bills,
' concerning only three of thofe many Things con-
4 tained in the large Propofitions, with an efiential
4 Precaution in order to Treaty, viz. That the Par-
* liamcnt might adjourn itfelf to fuch Place as they
* Jhould find moft convenient and jafe, and art Offer
* to treat with him for the reft of the Things con-
4 tained in the Prapofitions ? And did not, as we
' faid before, the CommiiTioners ofScotlandthen and
4 there proteft againft thefe Overtures (Oh that ! )
* in Behalf of the King, and for his Intereft, a-
« gainft the Judgment, not only of the Parlia-
* ment of England, but againft what was the
c Judgment of the Kingdom of Scotland alfo, in
' their former Addrefies with us, wherein the fame
' Things, for the main, were infifted on with many
* more f But if Scotland had never join'd to infift
* on any of thofe four Things, yet, unce they con-
* cerned the Security of this Nation, was not the
4 Parliament of England competent to demand of
* him Things of that Nature, without the Allow-
* ance of the Scots Commiflioners ? Have we at
* any Time interpofed to hinder them in any of
* their Addrefies for Things concerning Scot/and?
4 Have we not left it wholly to themfelves, to
* pitch upon what Demands they thought ne-
4 ceflary for that Kingdom, and been ready to af-
* fift and join with them, whenever they have de-
* fired us, to further the procuring of them ?
4 As to the Matter of RefpecJ to be had to the
* Safety of his Perfon, in Defence of the true Reli-
* gion and Liberties j can any Man underftand
VOL. XIX C ' thofe
34 Tfo Parliamentary HISTORY
Xnter-regnum. ' thofe Words not to intend fome Limitation of
1648. < that Refpedl ? And, underftanding them fo, (to
*— —v— ^** * fay nothing of the Inconfiftency of that Refpect
February. t wj^ ^ Security of true Religion, wherein them-
' felves fay, in their fecond Letter, bis latejl and
' large ft ConceJJions were fo unfatisfaffory) we an-
' fwer ; as to our Liberties, there hath fince then
' been a fecond War, raifed by him againft this Na-
' tion, wherein the Power of Scotland aflifted ;
' which, if God had not mightily aflifted us, had
' for ever ruined our Liberties : And mould there
* ftill have been a Refpeft had to the Prefervation
' of his Perfon, who was reftlefs and endlefs in his
* Endeavours and Defigns for the Deftru&ion of
* the Liberties and Happinefs of this Nation ? ' Put
' the Cafe he had gotten into the Head of fome
* one of thofe feveral Armies, by his Influence
* raifed the laft Summer to difturb our Peace, and
* deftroy our Liberties, muft we have given them
c Leave to fhoot Bullet, and return them only
' Powder, left we fliould perhaps hurt his Perfon f
* As to the Declarations of the Kingdom of
* Scotland, which the laft Part of the fourth Para-
* graph of their Letter mentions ; as we are no
* Parties thereto, fo we have no more to fay to it,
' fave that we muft and mall ever difavow any Au-
c thority or Colour of Right in them, to determine
* or declare the Succeffion of the King's Pofterity
* to the Government of this Nation ; nor do we
* know any Authority they have to declare or de-
' termine any fuch Thing concerning any other
4 Kingdom than their own.
* In the laft Paragraph of their Letter of Janu-
* ary 6th, we have the Epitome of their whole large
' Letter, and a Profeflion of their Opinion what
* is their Duty to endeavour. To that Part which
* concerns Religion ; we have before declar'd our
* Opinion, as we have alfo to what is the Power
e of this Nation in the Fundamentals of Govern-
e ment : And if Scotland hath not the fame Power
' or Liberty, as we do not go about to confine
e them to us, fo we fhall not limit ourfelves to
4 diem ;
Of E N G L A N D. 35
e them ; but, leaving them to aft in relation to inter-regnumr
' theirs as they fliall fee Caufe, refolve to maintain l648-
' our own Liberties, as God mall enable us : And *— ~v- «^
* as we are far from any Thought of impofmg Februai7»
' upon them, fo we fhall not willingly fuffer Im-
* pofitions from them, while God gives us Strength
* or Lives to oppofe : And therefore, both to this
* Paragraph of their firft, and to their whole
' fecond Letter, we fhortly make this Anfwer,
c That after a long and ferious Deliberation of our
' own intrinfical Power and Truft, derived to us,
' by the Providence of God, through the Delega-
' tion of the People ; and upon like Confideration
* of what we and this Nation have fuffered from
* the Mifgovernment and Tyranny of that King^
* both in Peace and by the Wars j and confider-
* ing how fruitlefs, and how full of Danger and
* Prejudice, the many AddrefTes to him for Peace
* have been ; and being confcious how much we
* have provok'd and tempted God by the Negleft
' of impartial Execution of Juftice, in relation to
* the innocent Blood fpilt and Mifchief done in
* the late Wars ; we have proceeded to fuch a
* Courfe of Juftice againft that Man of Blood, as-
« we doubt not, the juft God, who is no Refpe&er
* of Perfons, doth approve and will follow with hift
' Bleffing upon this Nation j and though, perhaps*
* we may meet with many Difficulties before our
* Liberties and Peace be fettled, yet we hope we
c (hall be preferved from Confufion, by the Good-
* will of him that dwelt in the Bum, which burnC
* and was not confumed ; and the Courfe we have
« taken with the late King, and mean to follow
* towards others, (the Capital Enemies of our
' Peace) is, we hope, that which will be for the
* Good and Happinefs of both Nations ; which
« if that of Scotland fhould think fit to make Ufa
* of, and vindicate their own Liberty and Freedom,
* which lies before them if they give it not away,
* we fhall be ready to give them all friendly and
* neighbourly Affiftance in the eftablifhing thereof 5
* and defire they would take it into their moft ferioua
C 3 « Con-
36 The Parliamentary HISTORY
' Confederation, before they efpoufe that Quarrel,
' which can bring them no other Advantage, than
Februa ' ' t'ie entaning uPcm them and their Poiterities a
' lafting War, with all the Ivliferies that attend it,
' and Slavery unto a Tyrant in the Iffue.'
The Commons The fame Day that the Commons pafs'd the
order two Seals foregoing Declaration, they ordered that the Coun-
Jhe Ufeof the cil of St*te ft°ul.d Prepare two Seals', a greater and a
Council of Statejlefs, for their Ufe; each of them to have engraved
thereon the Arms of England and Ireland^ with this
Infcription, The Sfui cf the Council of State, ap-
pointed by the P#rtt#fnfftt °f England. Ordered^
alfo, That Whitehall be prepared for this Council
to meet in.
The Commons continuing tp apply themfelves,
And fettle new with great Aiftduity, to the eoniiituting of their
Forms of Wnts, new £ommon wealth, much Time was employed
in fettling the Forms of Writs, Oaths, fefr. Copies
of which are enter'd in the "Journals. The main
Alterations were the fubftituting, inftead of the
Kirg'i Name, thefe Words, The Keepers of the Li-
berty of England by Authority of Parliament. And
indeed the Houfe were fq taken up with fettling
their new Plan of Government, that very little Mat-
ter of any other Kind now occurs in their Jour-
nals.
An Engagement A Form of an Engagement having been drawn
up' for the Members ot the Council of State to fign
before they acied in that Connmiflioh, whereby they
were required to declare. ' That they approved of
' what the Houfe of Commons and the High
* Court of Juftice had dona againft the King j alfo
' of -their abolifhing of Kingly Government and
' the Houfe of Peers ; and that the Legifiative and
' Supreme Power was wholly in the Houfe of Com-
' mons,' on the iQth of this Month Lieutenant-
General Crcmivell reported to the Houfe, * That
leveral Members met on Saturday Night laft, where
thirteen of them fubicribed that Engagement j
and, upon their Sabfcription, did no other Aft but
order
Of E N G L A N D. 37
order the reft of the Members to be fummoned to Interregnum,
be there that Morning ; where others alfo fubicri-
bed, in ail to the Number of nineteen, viz. the
Lord Grey ofGroby, Sir John D' drivers, Col. Hen-
ry Martin, Mr. HeVtninghAm, Col. LufUow, Col.
William Perfoy, Sir IViUiam Conftalle, Mr. Stape-
/<?>•, Mr. Holland,M.t. Robinfon, Mr. Scot*. Colonel
Wanton^ Mr. Lijle, Mr. Hutchhfon, Mr. 'Jones,
Alderman Perimngton, Sir Henry Mildtnay^ Mr.
Wallop, and himfelf. He alfo reported, That this
Day the Lords who were named of that Council
gave in the following Anfwers, as to .their fubfcri-
bing this Engagement, viz.
The Earl of Denbigh faid, < He took it as a
great Honour to be named by the Houfe of Com-
mons for this Service : That he hath formerly had
the Honour to be employed, by the late King to the
State of Venice and other States, and ferv'd therein
faithfully : That he was fince employed, by both
Houfcs, in Arms, and. was alfo faithful in that :
That now there is no other Power in England but
that of the Houfe of Commons, in whom the Li-
berty and Freedom of the People is fo'^fnvolv'd, he
is refolved to live and die with them ; and doth ac-
" knowledge them the Supreme Power of this Nation;
and that what Government they fhall fet up and
appoint he will faithfully ferve, to the befi: of his
Power, with his Life and Fortune : But that, in
this Engagement, there are fome Particulars that
look backward, which he conceives he cannot,
with Honour, fubfcribe ; as being contrary to what
he then a£ted as a Peer in the Houfe of Lords,
then acknowledged a third Eftate of this Kingdom,
and to which he was fubordinate as a Member of
that Houfe, by a particular Relation of Duty and
Obedience : But faith, as before, that he will for
the future ferve them with the beft of his Power.'
The fame Anfwers, as to the general Matter, were
given by the Earls of Pembroke^ Salijbury^ and Mul-
grave, as alfo by the Lord- General Fairfax ; only
the Lord Grey of Warke faid, * That he was al-
ways willing tp do Service in any Thing which he
C 3 was
38 The Parliamentary HISTORY
was commanded by both Houfes ; but this coming
onjy from one Houfe, he defired to be excufed.'
~Z~?r~*^ Lieutenant- General Cromwell having alfo report-
ed the Names of fome other Perfons, nominated
to be of the Council of State, as were not fatisfied to
fubfcribe the faid Engagement11, after orderingCan-
dies to be brought into the Houfe, it was refolved,
That no Member do go forth without Leave.
And then the Queftion being propounded, That it
be referred to all the Perfons nominated to be of
the Council of State, except the Lord Grey of
Warke, to confer among themfelves upon the Mat-
ter had in Debate in the Houfe this Day, touch-
ing the Engagement, and to report their Opinions
what they conceive fit to be further done therein,
it patted in the Affirmative by 45 againft 22. Ac-
cordingly three Days after General Cromwell re-
ported the following Form, agreed on by way of
Expedient, which was approved by the Houfe c.
7heFormthercf I" A, B, being nominated a Member of the Council
•f. J- of State by this prefent Parliament, do tejlify
that I da adhere to this prefent Parliament, In the
Maintenance and Defence of the Public Liberty and
Freedom of this Nation, as it is now declared by this
Parliament, (by whofe Authority I am conjiituted a
Member of the faid Council) and in the Mainte-
nance and Defence of their Resolutions concerning the
fettling of the (government of this Nation for the
future
b The Lord Fairfax (who, with Col.Rt'cb, on the xyth of thif
Month, had been declared duly elected Members for Cirencejler, after
the Return had lain above two Years dormant^ defired to be excufed
fubfcribing his Approbation of what was part : But he and the reft
of the Refufers affirm' d, That for the future, if the Parliament
thought them worthy to be employed, they would join with them.
Mr. Wbitlocke fcrupled that Part of approving the Proceedings
of the High Court of Juftice, becaufe he was not privy to them,
nor did know what they were in particular, nor ever did hear any
Report of therp made to the Houfe j and, not knowing what they
were, he could not fign that Paper to approve of them. The like
was faid by divers others. Memorials, p. 377.
c The Refolution of the Houfe, of February 22, concerning thi*
Engagement, is erafed in the Commons Journals by an Order ot
March 1 3, 1659. The Copy of it here given is fupplied from Wai".
ktr1* Hijitry of Independency, p, 130.
.Of E N G L A N D. 39
future, in way of a Republic, without King or Houfe Inter-regnum*
of Peers ; and I do promife in the Sight of God, thatt l64-8>
through his Grace, I will be faithful in the Perform- ^T^^
ance of the Trujl committed to me as aforefaid, and
therein faithfully purfue the Inftruftions given to the
faid Council by this prefent Parliament ; and not re-
veal or difclofe any Thing, in Whole or in Part, di-
recJly or indirectly, that jhall be debated or refolved
upon in the Council, without the Command or Direc-
tion of the Parliament, or without the Order or Al-
lowance of ihe major Part of the Council, or of the
major Part of them that Jhall be prefent at fucb
Debates or Refolutions. In Confirmation of the Pre-
mifes 1 have hereto fubfcribed my Name.
Feb. 20. The next material Bufinefs reported to
the Houfe from this Council, was, That it W'JJ
their Opinion the Ordinance for conftituting thef,om the office
Earl of Warwick Lord- High- Admiral of England, of Lord High.
fhould be repealed. The Houfe agreed to this, and Admiral»
ordered an A6r. to be brought in for that Purpofe ;
and that the Council of State fliould have and exe-
cute all fuch Power and Authority, as any Lord-
Admiral or Commiffioners of the Admiralty have
had, or ought to have had, and exercifed. Pro-
vided, That the faid Council fliould take Care that,
by the repealing of the Power of the Lord- Admi-
ral, no Prejudice might come to the Common-
wealth. Several more Ads were ordered in for the
Encouragement of Officers, Mariners, and im-
prefs'd Seamen, and other Regulations in the Na-
vy, in this and the next Day's Proceedings. And
foon after Col. Edward Popham, Col. Richard
Dean, and Col. Robert Blake, were appointed by
the Parliament to command the Fleet, with an
Appointment of 9 /. per Diem, to be equally divi-
ded amongft them.
The Prince Elector Palatine having taken Leave The PrinwElee.
of the Parliament, they ordered the Arrears of histor an<! D"**-
Allowance of 8ooo/. per Annum (being 6500/0 to£SE£ ~~
be forthwith paid him. On the 20th his Highnefs turn home.
went
40 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-regnum. went by Water to Grave fend, and embark'd for Ho/-
l648- land on his Return home, under Convoy of a Man
Cr7v~"~"' of War appointed by the Houfe for that Purpofe;
as did alib the Lord Paw, Amb-'iTador Extraordina-
ry from the States Genera!, on the 23d.
Several Days now pafs'd without any remarkable
Article entered in the Journals ; except that the
Houfe, in order to a little Relaxation from Attend-
ance on the public Bufmefs of the Nation, agreed
to fit only on Mondays, ffadnefdays, and Fridays in
every Week, but Committees every Day.
It has been already obferved, that the Parliament
of Scotland had proclaimed Prince Charles for their
King, and fent a Deputation to inform him of it;
and that the Houfe had imcc publifliod their Anfwer
to the Scots Commiffioners Letters prefented in 'Ja-
nuary laft. On the 24th of this Month thofeCom-
iniflioners fent another Paper, fubfcribed by them
all, and direded to the Speaker; which is not gi-
ven us in the Journals, nor do we find a Copy of
it in any Contemporary Writer : Mr. JVbitlocke^
indeed, tells us, * That the Speaker acquainted the
Houfe this Day with a Letter the Scots Commif-
fioners fent- him, at their going away, which was
without taking Leave.' And adds, ' It was full of
Bitternefs ag.inft the Parliament and their late
Proceedings againft the King, the Houfe of Lords,
and the fecluded Members : But gives no Particu-
lars thereof. This ETeficiency is luckily fupplicd
by a printed Copy of the original Letter at large,
lately fallen into our Hands, in ban: Verba d.
February 24,
A Remonftrancec -r jj t^c Year 1642, and afterwards in the Year
§±£1*°' 1 1643, when the Popilh, Prelatical, and Ma-
fioners in Lon- * lignant Party did grow prevalent in this Kingdom,
don, to the Par- < the Honourable Houfes of Parliament did com-
IhTTate3 Pro- ' municate feveral Declarations and Papers to the
seeding* j ~ ' Kingdom of Scotland e, thereby to inform their
^ Printed for Mattbcw S:mtncns, in Aldet -fgate-Jireet.
e D^cJaration aad Account to all the World, slugujl, 1642,
Of ENGLAND. 41
4 Judgments of the State of the Differences here, inter-regnum.
' and to gain their Affiftance, and invite their Forces l648-
' to come into this Kingdom ; in which Declara- *— "~~^~~ ~~*
* tions and other Papers they affirm and declare, e tudrj"
' That the Army of the Houfes of Parliament
* was raifed for Maintenance of the true Religion,
' the King's Pet-fa:, Honour , and Efiate, Privileges
* of Parliament, Rights and Liberties of Subjects,
* and for tic Prevention of the Alteration of Re-
' ligion : That their Enemies Dcfign was to corrupt
' and alter Religion throughout the whole Jjland\
' that they begun zwY/; Scotland, /£«<?«;;«?' "well that the
* fame Fate attended both Kingdoms : Thai they have
' only inverted the Manner of their Proceedings, con-
' ceiving it an eafier IVay to dejlroy them, if they may
* firft prevail over the Parliament and Kingdom of
*• England : That ivhcnfocvcr Religion is- jubvertcd
( or changed in one Kingdom, it will be eajjily accom-
' plijhed in the other ; Religion being the Band and
' Foundation of the Happinefs of both : That ivhat
' Corruptions take Roct in England, will quickly
* fpread their Venom and Infection to their 3\Tcigb-
' b our Church of Scotland. b
4 They declare jfce true State of the Quarrel to
' be Religion ; in Reformation whereof they are
' fo forward and zealous, as there is nothing ex-
* prefTed in Scotland's former or later Declarations,
' which they have not feriouily endeavoured to ef-
«fca.
' They earneftly intreat the General AfTembly
* to further and expedite the Afliflance defircd by
' both Houfes from the Kingdom of Scotland, up-
6 on this Ground and Motive, That thereby they
' faatt do. great Service to God, and great Honour
' may redound to thenif elves in becoming the Injlru-
' ments of a glorious Reformation, not only through -
' out this IJIand, but from thence pojjibly to be fprer.d
' to other Churches, opprefod under the Antichriftian
' Bondage and Tyranny of the Pcpift) and Prelatical
* Faftion. c
* They
b Englljh Commiflioners, Augufl, 1643.
« Declaration, Sept. 1643, in Anfvver to the Scots Declaration.
42 The Parliamentary HISTORY
« They commend the Prudence and Faithfulnefs
' of the General Aflembly of the Church of Scot-
1 land) in propounding thofe Things which may con-
February. < ^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^gj-g Q^ ^m jjnjon Oj- tfoe twff
* Churches and Nations of England and Scotland ;
' in preferring and maintaining the Truth and Pu~
* rity of the Reformed Religion, not only againjl
* Popery, but all Superjiitions, Seels, and Innova-
' tions whatfoever ; and declare, That the Houfes
* of Parliament have ever made the Reformation of
* Church Government and Difcipline their chiefeji
* Aim, though they have been frequently interrupted,
* and powerfully oppos'dtin theProfecution andAccom-
* plijhment of it ; and however they continue Jlill in
* their Storm andConjUtt^yet they take the Peace, Li-
* berty^ and Prefervation which God hath afforded
* Scotland, as a Pledge of the like Mercy intended
* to them, in his good Time ; hoping that God will
' pfrfett their Dejigns and Endeavours of a full
4 Reformation in all Things pertaining to Religion ;
* They profefs their earneft Defires/cr Unity of Re-
* ligion, in all fubjiantial Parts of Do£iriney Wor-
* Jhip) and Difcipline, that both Kingdoms might be
* more Jtrittly unitedt and enjsy the Advantages of
* his Majejiy's mtre eafy, fafe, and comfortable Go-
* vernment ; the People a more free Communion in
' all holy Exercifes and Duties ofWor/hip ; and that
* there might be a more conftant Security of Religion,
* again/} the bloody Practices ofPapijls, and deceitful
' Errors of Sectaries. They remonftrate, d That
* it is far from their Ptirpofe or Dejire to let loofe
* the golden Reins of Difcipline^ and Government of
' the Church ; to leave private Perfons, or particu-
* lar Congregations , to take up what Form of Divine
* Service they pleafe ; but do hold it requiftte that
* there Jhould be, throughout the whole Realm, a
* Conformity to that Order which the Laws enjoin,
* according to the Word of God. They proteft, in
* the Prefence of the All- feeing Deity,6 That the
' Services which they have been deferous to perform
ti
* Remonilrance in Dumber, 1641. « May, 164;.
Of E N G L A N D. 43
* to their Sovereign Lord and King, and to his Church Inter-regnnns-
« and State, in providing for the Public Peace, Pro-
* fperity of his Majejly and all his Realms, to have
c been, and Jl ill to be, the only End of all their
* Counfels and Endeavours ; wherein they have re~
tfolved to continue freed and enlarged from all pri-
* vote Aims, perfonal Refpefts, or Pajftons whatfo-
' ever. They oft mention the Proteftation taken
* by every Member of both Houfes, promifmg, in
* the Prefence of Almighty God, to defend his Ma-
' Jefy ' an^ difclaim the having any Purpofe to offer
' the leajl Violence to his P erf on, which bath and
' ever jhall be dear unto them. They declare f,
* That they expeft the Help and AJJiftance of Scot-
* land, in Defence of the Caufe ; which, if the Po-
' pijh Party prevail, muji needs either involve them
' in that Alteration ofRelig\on, which will be made
* heret or engage them in a War againft this $ing*
c domt to defend their own Religion and Liberty $
* and they profefs, before the ever-living God g, the
* Safety of Religion* Laws, and Liberties, in this
* and all other his Majejly s Dominions^ to he the
6 chief End of all their Counfels and Refolutions with"
' out any Intention or Dejire to hurt or injure his
* Majejly ', either in his Perfon* or in his juft Power:
* That they reft aj/ured, both God and Man will ab-
* hor and abominate that monftrous and injurious
c Charge, laid upon the Reprefentative Body of this
* Kingdom, of deftgning the Ruin, not only of his
* Majejlfs P erf on, but of Monarchy itfelf; and
' appeal to all the World, whether worfe Words
' than thefe can be given them.
' Thefe Declarations and folemn Engagements
* were communicated to the Kingdom of Scotland^
* before they did join in the War with the Houfes
* of Parliament ; and alfo both Kingdoms entered
* into a Solemn League and Covenant, for Refor-
' motion and Defence of Religion ; forUniformity tit
* one ConfeJJion of Faith ^ Form of Church Govern-
* ment9
f Declaration, OElcber, 1642, in Anfwer to the King's, concern-
ing Keinton Battle.
£ Declaration and Froteftatioo to all the World ia 1642,
44 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. * went, DircRory for Wcrjhip and Catechiftrtg ; for
1648. * Extirpation of Pcpcry,SupcrJiition,Herefy, Schifm,
^~~v~— ' ' Profanenefs, find ivhatjoever Jkull be found con-
' trary 10 jound Dofirine and the Power of God-
' li fiefs 5 for Prefervation of the Rights and Privi-
6 leges of Parliament, and Liberties of the Subjctt ;
* for the Honour and Happinefs of the King and bis
' Pojlerity, and the Peace and Safety of thefe King-
* doms.
« In the Year 1646, after the Power and Strength
* of the Enemy was broken, the Houfe of Com-
* rnons did, upon the I jth of April, publifh a De-
* duration, which the}' likewife caufed to be fet up
' and affixed in every Pat lib-Church, wherein they
' vindicated themfelves from fcveral Mifconfrruc-
* tions and Mifreprefentations of theirProceedings;
' As that they Jhould have any Intention or Dejir: to
c make Uje of t he great Succejs Gcd had given them,
* contrary to their fortner Profeffions ; cr to exceed
' or fwerve from their fir ft Aims and Principles t in
' the- undertaking this I Far ; and to recede from the
e Solemn League and Covenant, and Treaties betwixt
* the Kingdo?ns ; or to prolong thefe uncomfortable
* Troubles and bleeding Dijiraftions, in order to al-
* ter the Fundamental Conftitution and Frame cf this
' Kingdom^ and to leave all Government in the
' Church loofe and unjettled ; or themfelves to exer-
e cife the fame arbitrary Power over the Perfons and
< Eftates of the Sub/efts, which the prefect Parlia-
4 ment bad thought fit to abolij}), by taking aivay the
* Star-Chamber, High-Commillion, and other ar-
' bitrary Courts^ and the exorbitant Poiver of the
* Council-Table. And further they declare, That
* their true and real Intentions are^ and thetr En-
* deavours Jhall be^ to fettle Religion in the Purify
' thereof, according to the Covenant ; and to main-
4 tain the antient and Fundamental Conjiitution and
* Government of this Kingdom^ by King, Lords, and
' Commons.
' In November 1647, wr!en a Petition was pr'e-
* fentcd to the Houfe of Commons, ftyling them
6 the Supreme Authority of tie Nation, together
* with
Of E N G L A N D. 45
1 with a printed Paper annex'd, intitled An Agree- Inter-regnum.
4 ment of the People^ for a firm and prefent Peace, l648-
'upon Grounds of common Ri?bt, (which A<rree- VT"!V""^'1'
r> r i r i i • February.
4 ment., as we have found upon rerufal of both, is
4 the fame for Subftance with the Agreement lately
4 publiflied) the Houfe of Commons did declare,
4 That the Matters contained in thoje Papers were
4 deftrucli-ve to the Being of Parliaments , and to the
4 Funda?nental Government of the Kingdom; and ap-
4 pointed a Letter to be written to the General, to
* examine the Proceeding of that Buimefs in the
4 Army, and to return an Account thereof to the
4 Houfe : And when another Petition, dire&ed To
4 the Supreme Authority of England, the Commons
4 in Parliament ajjembled, was presented the 23d
4 of the fame Month, they voted that Petition
4 a /editions and contemptuous Avowing and Profe-
4 cution of the former Petition and Paper annex' dy
'Jlylcd An Agreement of the People, formerly ad-
4 judged to be deJJrufiive to the Being of Parliaments
4 and Fundamental Government ; and another Let-
4 ter was appointed to be lent to the General, to
4 take Notice of his Proceedings, in the Execution
4 of a mutinous Perfon (who was an Abetter of
4 that Agreement) at the Rendezvous near Ware ;
4 and to give him Thanks for it, and defire him
4 to profecute the Examination of that Bufmefs to
4 the Bottom, and to bring fuch guilty Perfons as
4 he fliall think fit to condign and exemplary Pu-
4 nifhment.
' All which Declarations, Proteftations, Oaths,
4 Covenants, and folemn Engagements notwith-
4 ftanding, we find, to our great Grief, Wonder,
4 and Aftoniihment, that, contrary to the Diflent
4 and Proteftation of the Kingdom of Scotland, his
* Majefty is removed out of this Life, by a vio-
4 lent Death : That Orders are publiflied in Print,
4 intitled, Acis of Parliament, prohibiting the pro-
4 claiming of the Prince of Wales as Kingofthefe
* Kingdoms : That the Commons, which now fit
* at Weftminfter (after many Members of that
* Houle have been imprifoned, fecluded by Force,
4 or
46 lie Parliamentary HISTORY
* or neceflitated to withdraw, becaufe they cannot
< aft as in a free Parliament) have voted away the
' Kingly Office and the Houie of Lords, and claim
ruary* ' the Authority of a Parliament; and, under Co-
' lour thereof, the Power of repealing all Oaths of
' Allegiance and Obedience whatfoever ; even
* without Exception of the Solemn League and
8 Covenant, from which the Confcience cannot be
' abfolved by all the Powers on Earth.
4 We fee likewife ftrong Endeavours ufed, and
* Refolutions taken, to maintain a licentious Li-
* berty and ungodly Toleration, in Matters of Re-
c ligion, as appears by a Paper lately publifhed,
* commonly call'd An Agreement of the People ;
' againft which, upon the 26th of 'January laft,
* we did prefent a Teftimony of the Commiflioners
« of the General Aflembly of the Church of Scot-
* land) approved of by the Eftates of the Parliament
* of that Kingdom.
' If the Honourable Houfes of the Parliament of
* England^ who made the Declarations and En-
* gagements aforefaid, had been permitted to fit
* and acl with Freedom, we know there would
c have been no fuch Proceedings as we have alrea-
* dy feen, nor Caufe to fear fuch dangerous Evils
* and ftrange Alterations as are now carried on by
* Will and rower. We may confidently fay, they
* would have been more mindful of their many De»
' clarations and the Solemn League and Covenant,
* and more ready to hearken to the Advice of their
' Brethren of Scotland. And however no Regard
« hath been had, by thofe who rule, to what we
* have formerly faid, and fo we have fmall Hopes
' that any great Notice {hall be taken of what we
« fliall further fay; yet, in purfuance of the Inftruc-
* tions we have received from the Parliament of
' Scotland^ we hold it our Duty to defire, that
* there may be no Toleration of Idolatry, Popery,
« Prelacy, Herefy, Schifm, or Profanenefs : That
* there be no Change of the Fundamental Confti-
< tution and Government of this Kingdom, by
* King,
Of E N G L A N D. 47
c King, Lords, and Commons : That there may be Inter-regnum.
* nothing done which may wrong King Charles the ^J^4^
* Second in his Succeffion, as righteous Heir of the p^ruT*^
* Crown of thefe Kingdoms ; but that, by the free
' Councils of both Houfes of Parliament, Refor- .
' mation of, and Uniformity in, Religion may be
' fettled according to the Covenant ; and particu-
' larly that Preibyterian Government, the Confef-
' fion of Faith, Directory for Worftlip, and Ca-
c techifm, may be eftablifhed: That the juft Right
' and Title of King Charles the Second to the
* Crown of thefe Kingdoms may be acknowledg'd;
* and, upon juft Satisfaction given to both King-
* doms, he may be received and admitted to the
4 Exercife of his Government j and if, notwith-
« ftanding all our earneft Defires and Endeavours
' to the contrary, the Commons now fitting at
* Wejimmjler (hall proceed otherwife in all or in
* any of the Particulars aforefaid, we do hereby,
' in the Name of the Parliament and Kingdom of
' Scotland, diflent from the fame ; and folemnly
' proteft, That they may be free, before God and
' Man, of the Guiltinefs, Evils, Confufions, Mi-
' feries, and Calamities that may follow thereupon
' to thefe diftracled Kingdoms.
LOTHIAN.
JOHN CHIESLEY.
WILL. GLENDINNING,
How highly the Commons were affronted at this
Remonftrance fufficiently appears from the follow-
ing Declaration, pafs'd on the 26th of this Month,
which they ordered to be forthwith printed and
publifhed.
' '"•AH E Parliament having received a Paper, Which theHbufc
* dated February 24, 164!, fubfcribed byrefolve to be
« the Earl of Lothian, Sir John Chiejley, and Mr.
* Glendinningy in the Name of the Kingdom of
* Scotland, and taking the fame inco their ferious
' Confideratign :
•They
48 The Parliamentary HISTORY
< They do declare,- That the faid Paper doth
4 contain much fcandalous and reproachful Matter
* againlt the juft Proceedings of this Parliament ;
* and an AfTuming, on the Behalf of that Kingdom,
• ' to have a Power over the Laws and Government
* of this Nation, to the high Dishonour thereof;
' and laftly, a Defign in the Contrivers and Sub-
' fcribers of it, to raife Sedition and lay the Grounds
' of a new and bloody War in this Land ; that,
* under the fpecious Pretences in that Paper con-
' taincd, they may gain Advantages to fecond their
* late perfidious Invafion. And
e It is further declared, That all Perfons what-
' foevcr, refiding in England or Ireland, or the Do-
' minions thereof, that fhall join with, or adhere
* unto, or voluntarily aid or aflift, the faid Con-
' trivers and Subfcribere, or any whofocver of the
' Kingdom of Scotland, in purfuance of the Grounds
' by them laid in the faid Paper, for raifnig Sedi-
' tion and a new and bloody \Var in this Land, are
' Rebels and Traitors to the Commonwealth of
* England ; and fhall be proceeded againft as Trai-
' tors and Rebels.'
HENRY SCOBELL, Cler. Par.
Befides printing and publifhins; this refentful
And thereupon Declaration, the Houfe ordered, That the Lord
order the Scots _ .. c- «-*• r /or • n \\m m >•
Commiflioners Lothian, oir joffH Lhiejley, and Mr. (jlenainning^
to be put under Commiflioners of the Kingdom of Scotland, fhould
anAneft, &c. j,ave a Quarj fet UpOn the;r Lodging, to fecure
them from Violence.; and alfo to retrain them
from Communication with any by whom the Sedi-
tion, contained in their Paper, dated the 24th In-
jftant, might be promulged : And that none be
fuffered to have Accefs to them, or to pafs out from
them, but for their Supply with NeceiTaries during
their Abode here.
It was alfo ordered, That a Meflagc, with a
Duplicate of the foregoing Remonftrance, be forth-
with fent to the Parliament and Kingdom of Scot-
land* To know whether they do or will own and
juftif/
Of E N G L A N D. 49
jtiftify what hath been prefented to this Parliament Inter-regnum;
in their Names j the Care whereof was particularly l648-
referred to the Council of State. V""TV""*"^
r ebruary.
The fame Day, Feb> 26, the following Petition
was prefented to the Houfe, and read,
To the Supreme intruded Authority of this Nation)
the Commons ajjembled in Parliament y
The HUMBLE PETITIO^ of divers ofthewell-
affeSied Officers and Soldiers of the Army^ under
the Command of his Excellency Thomas Lord
Fairfax.
c T T T E having ferioufly weighed and confider- A Petition from
* V V ed tne late Votes of this Houfe, in which feve™l Officers
1 the People are declared to be the Supreme Power, "n^f6^ for
' and from whom all juft Authority is derived : TheLavrs irfto Eng-
' Confideration of this hath emboldened us to make li/h> aboli/hing
' known and difcover our own and the Kingdom's Tythcs>&c*
" Grievances, which cry aloud forjuftice to be fpee-
* dily and impartially executed ; without which we
4 cannot chufe but look upon ourfelves as a dying
' and ruinated People : All which we apprehend is
' coming upon us like a Deluge, unlefs Grod be
' pleafed to appear for us, in railing up of your
* Honours to (land for us in the anfwering of thefe
* our juft Defires.
1. * To make and eftablifh fuch wholfomeLaws,
' in our native Language, as may preferve the In-
* tereft and Liberties of this Commonwealth.
2. ' That all Tythes may be for ever fpeedily
c abolifhed, and no forced Maintenance come in
« the Place thereof.
3. «• That no Punifhment be inflicted upon any
* Perfon for the Exercife of his Confcience in Mat-
* ters of Religion, it being deftruclive to the Free-
' dom of the Commonwealth. And that all fuch
' as are now in Cuftody for fuch Matters may
* forthwith be fet at Liberty, and Reparation given
* them for their unjuft Imprifonment.
VOL. XIX. D 4, « That
50 T.'he Parliamentary HISTORY
4. 4 That all Committee-men, Excife-men, and
all other Perfons whatfoever that have had to
4 deal in the public Treafury of the Nation, may
:bruan. t fpee(jj]v {-,<, caljcc{ to an Account, for all Monies re-
* ceived by them ; and that, for the Time to come,
4 the intolerable Burden of Excife may be wholly
* taken away from this Commonwealth.
5. ' That all Perfons, of what Condition or Qua-
* lity foever, may have a jui'l and equal Admini-
* ftration of Law, according to the Nature of their
« Actions.
6. ' That a fpeedy Courfe be taken for the En-
' largement of all Perfons that are imprifoned for
4 Debt, and have not wherewithall to fatisfy their
* Creditors ; and a Courfe alfo taken for the ma-
4 king fuch Perfons pay their Debts, being able,
4 that {belter themfelves in a Prifcn, on purpofe to
* defraud their Creditors, by which Means many
4 honeft People are brought to Ruin.
7. * That all Perfons whatsoever, that are now
* in Prifon for pretended Words or Forgeries, may
4 be brought to a fpeedy Trial j and as to thofe
4 whofe Innccency mall appear, Reparation may
* be given them for their falfelmprifonmcnt.
8. 4 That fpeedy Provifion may be made for
' the continual Supply of the Neceffities of the
* Poor of this Nation, whofe Miferies cry aloud in
' our Ears for Redrefs.
9. ' That conftant Pay may be provided to fup-
4 ply the Neceffities of the Army, that the Soldiery
* may be enabled to difcharge their Quarters; and,
4 for the future, prevent that which hath been fo
* much complained of, viz. Free-quarter.
10. ' That all the Arrears of the Army, and
* the reft of the Soldiery of the Nation (who have
c been in actual Service for the Parliament, and
* continued faithful therein) may be audited ; and
* a Courfe taken for the fpeedy Payment of them,
4 out of the Revenues of the Crown, Deans and
4 Chapters Lands.
II.4 That whereas feveral Soldiers of the Army,
4 by their tedious and hard Service laft Summer,
4 and
Of E N G L A N D 51
4 and fince they came to London^ have loft and Inter-re9:num»
* fpoiled many of their Horfcs ; and, by reafon of 1648.
* the Smallnefs of their Pay, are not able to furnifh <"r7v~"~"J
\ r i -i /"< r u i rebruarvi
' tbemfelves with any more, Courfe may be taken
* for a fpeedy Supply of our Wants, that we may
' be enabled to perform that Service that is ex-
' pecked from us.
12.' That whereas we, with many others of the
* Commonwealth, have been much abufed with
* clipt Money ; therefore we defire fome Courfe
* may be taken for the fpeedy Prevention thereof.
13. ' That the Articles of War may now be
' renewed and mitigated, as being too fevere and
* tyrannous for any Arnty of free-born RagUjhrneni
' and that Martial Law may not be fo frequently
* exercifed, nor in fo cruel a Manner.
14. ' That the Soldiers may not be put upon the
* Execution of Civil Orders or Ordinances, as fei-
' fmg upon unlicenfed Books, or Printing Prefles ;
' or in diftraining for Monies, or the like, untill,
c in thofe Cafes, the Civil Authority hath been
* forcibly refilled ; that fo the People may have
' no Caufe to complain, as they do, of our Intrench-
' ment upon their Liberties.'
All the Notice the Houfe took of this very ex-
traordinary Petition, was only to order that thg
General be defired to make Inquiry among the
Officers of every Troop what Horfes had been
loft in thelaft Summer's Service, and not been re-
cruited by Prize- Horfes, or otherwife, in order
that the Committee of the Army might take pro-
per Means to fupply the Deficiency : As to all F°r which fome
the other Heads thereof they were only referred of(,thfn? are pu~
,. r, . . ' r niflied by a
to the Committee of Petitions ; from whence we Court-ManiaU
hear no more of them in the ^Journals. But a Me-
morialift f of thefe Times informs us, That five
of the Troopers who had prefented this Petition
were tried for it by a Court Martial, and fentenced
to ride the wooden Horfe, on the 6th of Marchy
D 2 in
f Mercuriui Pragmatlcust N°. 47.
52 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. in the Old Palace Yard, Wejlmlnfter ; the Gene-
1648. raj having commanded that no private Soldier
*"Trv~r""; Ihould fet on Foot any Petition to Parliament with-
out the Confent of the Chief Officer of each Re-
giment.
The fame Day alfo a Paper was prefented to
the Houfe hy Lieutenant- Colonel Lilbourne^ fub-
fcribcd by himfelf and many others, intitled The
Jerious Apprehenftons of a Part of the People in
behalf of the Commonwealth , being Prefentcrs, Pro-
moters^ and Approvers of the large Petition of the
nth of September la ft s, which was read.
This Paper was much to the fame EffecT: as
the foregoing Petition.
Feb. 28. In confequence of the before-recited
Orders touching the iSt-ff/iCommifiioners, the Com-
mons were this Day inforni'd that they had been
apprehended at Gravefind, as they were embark-
ing on their Return home, and were now under a
Guard : Hereupon the Houfe voted firft a Gratuity
of 20 /. to Col. Saxbie for his Service done to the
Commonwealth in fecuring thofe Commiffioners ;
The Houfe re- and then it being put to the Queftion, Whether to
folve to fend the fend them back to Scotland by Land, fo guarded ? it
£S?C2' Pafl*ed in the Affirmative without a Divifion. To
iioners home £ n _ _
by Land, under a luch a Degree of Contempt was the Scots Nation
Cturd. at this Time reduced.
March. The new-erected Council of State ha-
ving all the public Bufmefs of the Nation now
before them, the Houfe of Commons, which con-
ftituted them, had little to do, except to confirm,
by A61, fuch Proceedings as the other thought fit
for that Sanction : This Council had alfo taken
into their Body great Part of the Houfe of Com-
mons. The High Court of Juftice, now fitting on
Trials, engaged ftill more ; and by the expurga-
tive Teft pafied on the firft of laft Month, deny-
ing Admiffion to every Member who would not
enter
* Thi* Petition is gi v«n in our Seventeenth Volume, p. 451.
Of ENGLAND. 53
enter his DifTent or Difapproval- to the Vote of Inter-regnant.
the 5th of December lair, many more were fhut out
that had eone great Lengths with them before ; ,7*T
/•i r rr -K./T i • • i rr /- March.
io that icarce nrty IViembers meeting in the tioule at
this Time, little Buiinefs, except Petitions and
other Things of fmall Moment to the Public, was
done in this Skeleton of a Houfe of Commons.
March 2. To fhew how great Harmony there
was between the Houfe and the principal Officers
of the Army at this Juncture, we ihall mention
one Petition, prefented this Day hy Col. Whaley
and others, intitled, The bumble Petition of the Ge-
neral Council of the Army^ under the Command of
his Excellency Thomas Lord Fairfax. This, and
a Letter from the General, recommending it to the
fpeedy Confideration of the Houfe, were both read.
We are not told by the Journals what the Sub-
ftance of it was; nor do we find it in any of our
Collections of the Pamphlets of thefe Times : But
Mr. Whitlocke writes that the Heads thereof were
thefe :
1. ' That Free-quarter be forthwith totally ta- Another PetJ-
« ken away. tion from the
* r« n • r r n T» /• i A Lord-General
2. * For Provifion for conftant Pay of the Army. Fairfax and h;s
3. ' For Receivers to account. Council of Wat,
4. c Abufes of dipt Money to be redrefs'd.
5. Soldiers Accounts to be ftated, and Deben-
' tures given out.
6. ' Security for them by Deans and Chapters
* Lands, orotherwife.
7. * For Satisfaction for Soldiers Horfes flain or
c loft in Fight.
8. * For Maintenance of maim'd Soldiers and
« Widows of Soldiers.
9. « For Relief of Ireland.
10. c For the Supply of the Irifl) Officers come
6 from the Earl of Inchequin, &c.'
This Petition was fo extremely grateful to the
Houfe, that they ordered their Speaker to return
the following Anfwer to it. And, indeed, who-
ever compares it with that of the 26th of lafl;
D 3 Month
54 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Month, in which, amongft many hi^h, and perhaps
fome not inequitable, Demands, it was required
that all who had been anywife concenvd in finger-
ing the Public Money fhould be called to Account
for it, will be at no Lofs in finding; out a Reafon for
the different Fate of thefe two Petitions.
The Anfwer to the latter of them was exprefs'd
in the following Terms of Approbation and Re-
Gentlemen^
For which they c ri^HE Houfe hath read the Letter of the Ge-
Thinks* of the ' A liefal and your Petition, and look'd over
Houfe. ' every Part of it : I muft needs fay, and you will
' wonder at it I fhould tell you fo, this Day will be a
' Day of much Difcontent ; I mean to all the com-
* mon Enemies of you and us: But, as to all good
* Men that have engaged to carry on the Good of
*• the Kingdom with us, it will be a great Rejoicing
* and Satisfaction by this your modeft and difcreet
' Petition: And as in yourlelves it {hews your Mo-
' deration, fo all thofe whofe Mouths are open to
* Malice and Detraction, will fee that both the
' Army and Parliament are fo unanimous in pro~
< moting the Public Good : The Things them-
' felves they confider as Matter of great Concern-
' mem, and iotend to take them into immediateCon-
. ' fide-ration : And, as you have fhewn yourfelves in
* ' former Services (for all tha: you and we do is b»it
' Service) forward and faithful, for thefe your dif-
' creet and ferious Reprefentations they have com-
* manded me to return you the heartieft Thanks I
' can : And accordingly I do give you the hearty
< Thanks of this Houfe ; and clefire you likewifc
' to return the like hearty Thanks from this Houfe,
' to the General, and to the whole General Coun-
* cil of the Army.'
The Parliament The Parliament now feem'd to be in fome Jea-
vote an addition- loufy of another Vifit from the Scots; for this Day,
March 6, they voted an Addition of 4000 Foot to
the 44,373 Forc.es already on the Eftabli{hme,nt
in
Of E N G L A N D. 55
in England and Wales * for the better fecuring Eer- Int^-regnum.
wick and Carlifie, and the other new Garrifons in ^_J -jLl^/
thofe Parts : Likewife an Addition of 1 2,000 Horfe, March.
Foot, and Dragoons to be forthwith fent into Ire-
land, i •
On the fecond of laft Month the Commons had Proceedings up-
refolved to erect a new High Court of Juftice, foron a Petition
the Trials of feveral Delinquents ; as, James Earl fl™ th<| Duke.
en i -j 3 TT v i c TT n j/J T , of Hamilton and
ot Gavtortage*, Henry Earl of Hol!and,George Lord others, fentenced
Goring^ Arthur Lord Gapel, and Sir John Given, t° Death by the
who were all included in an A6t made for that Pur- jjj£c£0ttrt of
pofe. The Proceedings againft thefe Lords and
Gentlemen have been often printed5; it may there-
fore be fufficient to obferve, that they having been
fentenced to undergo the fame Fate with their late
King and Mailer, this Day, March 7, the Commons
were prefented with Petitions from their Ladies, in
Perfon, or their neareft Relations, to fpare their
Lives c. The Houfe ordered the Petitions to be
all read ; and, on the Queftion, Whether to refer
them to further Confideration ? it parted, for that
Time, in the Negative by 38 againft 28. But
However, next Day, March 8, the Houfe thought
fit to fhew Mercy to fome of thefe unhappy Vic-
tims ; for on a Revival of their Petitions, and the
former Queftion being again put, it was carried in
the Affirmative by 31 againft 28. The Houfe,
after ordering Candles to be brought in, and no
Member fuffered to go out without Leave, pro-
ceeded
a The firft of thefe Noblemen was the Duke of Hamilton, Ge-
neral of the Scots Army, defeated at Prefton, fome Time before j
but tried now by the Tide of Earl of Cambridge, his Englijh Peer-
age.
b State Trials, Vol. II. p. I, & fey.
c The Petitions of the Earl of Holland and the Lord C&ptl were
prefented by their Countefles in Perfon. The Earl of J^arivick
alfo prefented a Petition of his own in favour of his Brother the
Earl of Holland.
Mr. Ludloiv adds, That the Earl of Denbigh propofed, on behalf
of the Duke of Hamilton, his Brother-in-Law, to give the Parlia-
ment a Blank, fign'd by the faid Duke, to anfwer faithfully fuctv
Qncftions as ihould be there inferted j but that they refufed to
hearken to the Prop»fai.
56
Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-regnum. ceeded next to confider the Petitions feparately ;
1648. and, after feveral more Divifions, they thought fit
to refpite the Execution of Lord Goring and Sir
John Owen ; and even the Earl of Holland's Ex-
ecution was carried but by one Vote, 31 againft
30. In the Lord Goring's Cafe the Number was
equal, 24 and 24, fo the Speaker turned the Scale
for Mercy, The refpiting of Sir John Owen's
Execution pafied by a larger Majority, 28 againft
23. All the reft went for Blood without any Di-
vifion.
Mr. IWithcke writes h, c That the Speaker voted
for Lord Goring^ becaufe he had formerly received
fome Civilities from him; and fo,by his fingleVote,
now faved his Life : But when the Earl of Holland's
came, and the Votes were again even, the Speaker
gave his Voice againft him. Thus, adds our Me-
morialift, the Lord Goring^ who had been no
Friend to the Religious Party, was faved ; and the
Earl of Holland^ who had been a moft civil Per-
fon to all, and a very great Friend to the old Pu^
ritans, and protected them in the Time of his
greateft Intereft, by the fame fingle Vote loft his
Life/
General Ludlow informs us, That Sir John
Owen was beholden to Commiilary-General Ire-
ton for his Efcape * ; who, obferving no Motion
made in favour of that Gentleman, defired the
Houfe to confider that Sir John was a Commoner,
and therefore more properly to have been tried by
a Jury. But another Contemporary k accounts
for this Reprieve in a quite different Manner : For
he tells us, That the Inhabitants of the Ifle of An-
gltfey-) hearing that Sir John Owen was certain to
be condemn'd, procured fome of the Navy Royal,
then under the Command of Prince Rupert^ to
land ; and feize upon fome of the Parliament's
Committees in thofe Parts, whom they fwore to
hang if Sir John fuffered Death. — But leaving Ire-
Memorials, p. 37?. i Memirs, Vol.
Mercuriui Pragmaiicus, N°. 45.
P» 287.
Of E N G L A N D.
ton's real Motives on this Occaiion to the Reader's Inter-regnum.
Judgment, we (hall only obferve that, in the Com-
rnons Journals* we find him a Teller in favour of
Sir John
March 12. The Houfe ordered that it fhould be
referred to a Committee to take into £oniidera-
tion the State of the Englijh Prifoners of War,
whether any more of them were proper to be pro-
ceeded againft for Life, befides thofe who were
appointed to be tried, or were triable by a Court
Martial, for Revolts by Sea and Land ; likewife
to confider what other of thofe Prifoners were fit
to be kept in Cuftody, or bani&ed, and their Eftates
confifcated ; and what other Delinquents, in refe-
rence to the late Wars, that were formerly except-
ed from Pardon, were fitteft to continue fo except-
ed and profcribed. Their Opinions to be report-
ed to the Houfe.
The Intereft of Money, which had been long
at eight Pounds per Cent, was this Day, by Order
of the Houfe, reduced to Six, to take Place from
the 29th of September next,
March 14. Sir Arthur Heflerigge, from the laft
Committee appointed to draw up an Acl: touching
Delinquents, reported their Refolutions thereupon,
and the Rules they propofed for Compofitions.
The lait Part wa^ referred back to the fame Com-
mittee that brought it in ; but, after a fmall Hia-
tus in the Journal, the Houfe proceeded with theRefo'ut?fH1sasts
former Part, which was to vote, Thzt Sir J
Stawelly Knight, and David Jenkin^ Efq; fhould
be proceeded againft for Life, by Indictments, at
Common Law, in the feveral Counties where
they liv'd : That Major-General Laugharne, Col.
Powely Co\.Poyer, Capt. Linden, and Capt. Bujhell,
fhould be tried by a Court Martial for revolting by
Sea and Land : That the Marquifs of Wincbefter
and Mattheiv Wren> late Bifhop of Efy, fhould
be excepted againft for any Compofition for their
Eftates,
j 8 *The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. Eftates, and remain Prifoners during the Pleafure
1648. of the Houfe. After which, Candles being order-
*""""rrvT ^ ed to be brought in, the Perfons reported for Ba-
nifhment and Confifcation of their Eftates, were
every one particularly put to the Queftion ; when
it was refolved,
Names of thofe That Charles Stuart i eldeft Son of the late King,
Accepted from James, fecond Son of the late King, John Earl of
•K*' Brijiol, William Earl of Newcajile, Sir J^illiam
Widdrington, George Lord Digby, Sir Philip Muf-
grave. Sir Marmaduke Langdale, Sir Richard
Greenville, Sir Francis Dodington, the Earl of Wor-
ceJJer, Sir John Winter^ Sir John Colepeper, Sir
John Byron, and George Duke of Buckingham ; as
alfo all that have been plotting, defigning, or aflift-
ing in the Irijb Rebellion ; with all fuch Perfons
as now do hold out any Caftle, Fort, or Ifland
againft the Parliament, {hall be profcribed as Ene-
emies and Traitors to the Commonwealth, and
fliall die without Mercy wherever they {hall be
found within the Limits of this Nation, their Eftates
confifcated, and forthwith employed for the Ufe of
the Commonwealth. Next it was refolved, That
there be no further Addition of Names to this
Queftion: Notwithftanding which, on the iyth of
this Month, Col. Matthew Boynton, late Governor
of Scarbrough Caftle, and Sir John Morley, were
added j and Col. Thomas Levefon, on the 21 ft.
The Houfe had been employed for a confiderable
Time paft, by Committees or otherwife, in fra-
ming and perfecting two Bills of a very extraordi-
nary Nature ; the one called An Act for abolijh-
ing the Kingly Office in England and Ireland, and
the Dominions thereunto belonging ; and the other
Fcr abolijhing the Houfe of Peers. The firft of
thefe was read a third Time, on the i7th of this
Month, and parted without any Divifion : The
htter had the fame Sanction on the igth. Both of
them were ordered to be forthwith printed and pub-
liftied 3 and alfo to be proclaimed in Wejiminfler^
Cheap-
Of E N G L A N D. 59
Cheapjtde, and the Old Exchange, by the Lord Jnter-rcgnunu
Mayor and Sheriffs. l64s-
Thefe twoAnti-conftitutional Acls were in besc ^~" ^"^^
Tr , March.
Verba :
An ACT for the abolijhing the KINGLY OFFICE
in England, Ireland, and the Dominions there-
unto belonging.
' T IT THereas Charles Stuart, late King of Eng- An Aft for abo-
«. Vy land, Ireland, and the Territories juidjjjjjf ** Mo*
' Dominions thereunto belonging, hath, by Autho-
' rity derived from Parliament, been, and is hereby
* declared to be, juftly condemned, adjudged to
' die, and put to Death, for many Treafons, Mur-
' ders, and other heinous Offences committed by
* him ; by which Judgment he flood, and is here-
' by declared to be, attainted of High Treafon,
' whereby hislfiue and Pofterity, and all others pre-
' tending Title under him, are become incapable
* of the faid Crowns, or of being King or Queen
' of the faid Kingdoms or Dominions, or either
' or any of them : Be it therefore Enacted, Or-
' dained, and Declared by this prefent Parliament,
* and by Authority thereof, That all the People
* of England and Ireland, and the Dominions and
' Territories thereunto belonging, of what Degree
' or Condition foever, are difcharged of all Fealty,
' Homage, and Allegiance, which is or fhall be
' pretended to be due unto any of the IfTue and Po-
* flerity of the faid late King, or any claiming un-
* der him ; and that Charles Stuart, eldeft Son, and
' James, call'd Duke of York, fecond Son, and all
' other the IfTue and Pofterity of him the faid late
' King, and all and every Perfon and Perfons pre-
' tending Title from, by, or under him, are and
< be difabled to hold or enjoy the faid Crown of
' England and Ireland, and other the Dominions
*. thereunto belonging, or any of them ; or to have
« the Name, Title, Style, or Dignity of King or
' Queen of England and Ireland, Prince of Walesy
* or any of them ; or to have ar\d enjoy the Power
60 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
' and Dominion of the faid Kingdoms and Domi-
' nions, or any of them, or the Honours, Manors,
* Lands, Tenements, Pofleflions, and Heredita-
c ments, belonging or appertaining to the faid
* Crown of England and Ireland^ and other the
' Dominions aforefaid, or to any of them ; or to
* the Principality of Wales , Duchy of LancaJJer or
* Cornwall^ or any or either of them, any Law,
* Statute, Ordinance, Ufage, or Cuftom to the
' contrary hereof in any wife notwithftanding.
' And whereas it is and hath been found by Ex-
* perience, that the Office of a King in this Na-
* tion and Ireland^ and to have the Power thereof
* in any fmgle Perfon, is unneceflary, burdenfome,
' and dangerous to the Liberty, Safety, and public
* Intereft of the People ; and that for the moft
* Part Ufe hath been made of the Regal Power
* and Prerogative, to opprefs, impoverilh, and en-
*• flave the Subject; and that ufually and naturally
' any one Perfon, in fuch Power, makes it his In-
* tereft to encroach upon the juft Freedom and
* Liberty of the People, and to promote the fet-
fc ting up of their own Will and Power above the
' Laws, that fo they may enflave thefe Kingdoms
* to their own Luft : Be it therefore Enadled and
' Ordained by this prefent Parliament, and by the
6 Authority of the fame, That the Office of a
* King in this Nation, mall not henceforth refide
6 in, or be exercifed by, any one fmgle Perfon ;
* and that no one Perfon whatfoever ihall or may
e have or hold the Office, Style, Dignity, Power,
* or Authority of King of the faid Kingdoms
' and Dominions, or any of them, or of Prince
* of Wales 5 any Law, Statute, Ufage, or Cuftom
* to the contrary thereof in any wife notwithftand-
«ing.
' And it is hereby Enafted, That if any Perfon
* or Perfons fhall endeavour to attempt, by Force
* of Arms, or otherwife, or be aiding, affifting,
' comforting, or abetting unto any Perfon or Per-
* fons that mall, by any Ways or Means whatfo-
c ever, endeavour or attempt the reviving or fetting
<up
Of ENGLAND. 61
* up again of any pretended Right of the faid Inter-regnum,
« Charles, eldeft Son of the late King, James, cal-
* led Duke of York, or of any other the liTue and
4 Pofterity of the faid late King, or of any Perfon
* or Perfons claiming under him or them, to the
' faid Regal Office, Style, Dignity, or Authority,
' or to be Prince of IVales j or the promoting of
' any one Perfon whatfoever to the Name, Style,
* Dignity, Power, Prerogative, or Authority, of
* King of England and Ireland, and Dominions
* aforefaid, or any of them ; that then every fuch
' Offence fhall be deem'd and adjudged High
' Treafon ; and the Offenders therein, their Coun-
* fellors, Procurers, Aiders, and Abetters, being
' convicted of the faid Offence, or any of them,
* (hall be deemed and adjudged Traitors againft the
' Parliament and People of England; and fliall fuf-
£ fer, lofe, and forfeit, and have fuch like and the
* fame Pains, Forfeitures, Judgments, and Execu-
* tion, as is ufed in Cafe of High Treafon.
' And whereas by the Abolition of the Kingly
* Office provided for in this A6t, a moft happy
* Way is made for this Nation, if God fee it good,
' to return to its juft and ancient Right, of being
* governed by its own Reprefentatives or National
' Meetings in Council, from Time to Time chofen
* and intrufted for that Purpofe by the People : It
* is therefore refolved and declared by the Com-
* mons affembled in Parliament, That they will put
* a Period to the Sitting of this prefent Parliament,
* and diflblve the fame, fo foon as may poffibly ftand
' with the Safety of the People that hath intrufted
* them, and with what is abfolutely neceffary for
' the preferving and upholding the Government
' now fettled in the Way of a Commonwealth ;
* and that they will carefully provide for the cer-
' tain chufing, meeting, and fitting of the next and
' future Reprefentatives, with fuch other Circum-
c fiances of Freedom in Choice, and Equality in
' Diftribution of Members to be elected thereunto,
* as fhall moft conduce to the lafting Freedom and
* Good of this Commonwealth.
'And
6 2 Tbe Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regmim. < And it is hereby further Ena&ed and Declared*
j648. c notwithstanding any Thing contained in this Act,
*^^'^j7-> ' That no Perfon or Perfor.s of what Condition and
* Quality fc.ever, within the Commonwealth of
4 England and Ireland, Dominion of Wales, the
' Iflands of Gnernfey and Jcrfey, and Town of Ber-
4 wick upon Tweed, (hall be difcharged from the
4 Obedience and Subjedtion which he and they owe
4 to the Government of this Nation, as it is now
' declared ; but all and every of them fhall in all
4 Things render and perform the fame, as of Right
4 is due unto the Supreme Authority hereby decla^
4 red to refide in this and the fucceffive Reprefenta-
4 lives of the People of this Nation, and in them
4 only.'
jfn ACT for alaltjbing the Hcufe of PEERS.
nd of the Peer-' r • HUE Commons of England afkmblcd in Par-
*e* ' X liament, finding, by too long Experience^
4 that the Houfe of Lords is ufelefs and dangerous
c to the People of England to be continued, have
4 thought fit to Ordain and Enact, and be itOrdain'd
4 and Enacted by this prefent Parliament, and by
4 the Authority of the fame, That from henceforth
4 the Houfe of Lords in Parliament, fhall be and is
4 hereby wholly abolifhed and taken away ; and
4 that the Lords fhall not from henceforth meet or
4 fit in the faid Houfe, called the Lords Houfe, or
4 in any other Houfe or Place whatfoever, as a
4 Houfe of Lords ; nor {hall fit, vote, advife, ad-
4 judge, or determine of any Matter or Thing what-
4 foever, as a Houfe of Lords in Parliament: Never-
4 ihelefs it is hereby declared, That neither fuch
4 Lords as have demean'd thcmfelves with Honour,
4 Courage, and Fidelity to the Common wealth *
4 nor their Posterities who fhall continue fo, fhall
* be excluded from the public Councils of the Na-
4 tion; but fhall be admitted thereunto, and have
4 their free Vote in Parliament, if they fhall be
4 thereunto elected, as other Perfons of Intereit,
' elected and qualified thereunto, ought to have.
4 And
Of E N G L A N D. 63
* And be it further Ordained and Enaited by the Inter-regnum,
* Authority aforefaid, That no Peer of this Land, 1648.
* not being elected, qualified, and fitting in Par- *~M^h
* liament as aforefaid, (hall claim, have, or make
' ufe of any Privilege of Parliament, either in re-
' lation to hisTerfon, Quality, or Eftate ; any Law,
' Ulage, or Cuftom to the contrary notwithftand-
* ing.'
Thev Commons having, by the two foregoing
Acts of their own Houfe alone, abolifhed both
Monarchy and the Peerage, on the twenty-fecond
of this Month they publifhed the following Decla-
ration, pafs'd on the lyth. Two thoufand Co-
pies thereof were ordered to be printed for the Ufe
of the Members, who were required to diftribute
them in their feveral Counties ; befides which it
was ordered to be tranflated into Latin, French, and
Dutch ".
A DECLARATION of the PARLIAMENT of ENG-
LAND, exprejffing the Grounds of their late Pro-
ceedings^ and of fettling the prefent Government
in the way of a free State.
£ rT">HE Parliament of England, elected by the The Commons
* People whom they reprefent, and by them Declaration of
< trufted and authorized for the common Good, ™
* having lone; contended againft Tyranny, and to Commonwealth.
* procure the Well-being of thofe whom they ferve,
' and to remove Oppreffion, arbitrary Power, and ,
6 all Oppofition to the Peace and Freedom of the
4 Nation, do humbly and thankfully acknowledge
' the Blefling of Almighty God upon their weak
* Endeavours, and the hearty Afliftance of theWell-
<• affe&ed in this Work, whereby the Enemies
4 thereunto, both public and fecret, are become
' unable, for the prefent, to hinder the perfecting
« thereof.
< And
n From the original Edition, printed by Edward Hujbandt,
March 22, 1648.
64 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-regnum. * And, to prevent their Power to revive Tyranny*
1648. « Injuftice,War, and all our former Evils, the Par-
*— -V-— •* * liament have been neceffitated to the late Altera-
' tions in the Government, and to that Settlement
* which they judge moft conducible to the Ho-
' nour of God and the Good of the Nation, the
* only End and Duty of all their Labours.
4 And that this may appear the more clearly and
4 generally, to the Satisfaction of all who are con-
* cerned in it, they have thought fit to declare and
' publifh the Grounds of their Proceedings.
' They fuppofe it will not be denied, That the
* firft Institution of the Office of King in this Na-
* tion was by Agreement of the People, who chofe
' one to that Office for the Protection and Good
* of them who chofe him, and for their better Go-
' vernment, according to fuch Laws as they did
' confent unto.
' And let thofe who have obferv'd our Stories,
' recollect how very few have perform 'd the Truft
' of that Office with Righteoufnefs, and due Care
' of their Subjects Good :
4 And how many have made it their Study and
' Labour, to fatisfy their particular Ambition and
* Power, with high Preffures and Miferies upon
' their Subjects ; and with what horrid Prodigality
' of Chriitian Blood, upon Punctilio's of their
* own Honour, perfonal Titles and Diftaftes :
' And in the whole Line of them, how far the
* late King hath exceeded all his PredecefTors, in
' the Deftruction of thofe whom he was bound to
* preferve ; and inftead of fpreading his Protection
* to all, fcarce permitting any to efcape the Violence
* of his Fury.
* To manifeft this Truth, it will not be impro-
' per to take a fhort View of fome Paflages in his
* Reign, wherein he much further out- went all his
' Forefathers in Evil, than any Example can be
' found of Punifhment.
' In the Diflblution of the Parliament in the fe-
< cond Year of his Reign, and afterwards, he fhew'd
*• an unnatural Foro-etfulnefs, to have the violent
' Death
Of ENGLAND. 6$
* Death of his Father examined : The fad Bufi- Inter-regnurt.
4 nefs of Rocbetle, and the Lie of Rbtft the poor l648-
* Proteftants of France do yet lament : The Loans, ^""^^h
4 unlawful Imprifonments, and other Opprefiions,
4 which produced that excellent Law of the Peti-
* tion of Right, were moft of them again adted,
* prefently after the Law made againft them ;
4 which was moft palpably broken by him, almoft in
* every Part of it, very foon after his folemn Con-
4 fent given unto it : His Imprifoning and Prole -
4 cution of Members of Parliament, for oppofing
* his unlawful Will ; and of divers worthy Mer-
* chants, for refufmg to pay Tonnage and Pound-
c age, becaufe not granted by Parliament, yet ex-
4 acted by him exprefly againft Law ; aftd Punifli-
4 ment of many good Patriots, for not fubmitting
4 to whatfoever he pleafed to demand, though ne-
* ver fo much in Breach of the known Law: The
* Multitude of Projects and Monopolies eftablifh-
* ed by him ; his Defign and Charge to bring in
* German Horfe to awe us into Slavery ; and his
* Hopes of compleating all by his grand Projedl of
* Ship-Money, to fubject every Man's Eftate to
* whatfoever Proportion he only pleafed to impofe
* upon them : The private Solicitations, Promifes
4 of Reward, and Threats, from him unto the
' Judges of the Law, to caufe them to do his
* Will, rather than equal Right, and to break his
4 and their own Oaths : The Oppreffions of the
4 Council-Table, Star-Chamber, High-Commif-
* fion, Court Martial ; of Wardftiips, Purvey-
€ ances, Knighthood, Afforeftations, and many
* others of the like Nature, need no large Repeti-
* tion, remaining yet in moft of our Memories.
4 The exa£t Slavery forced upon thofe in Ireland,
* with the Army of Papifts to maintain it, and the
* Pofition of being loofe and abfolved from all
' Rules of Government, was but a Pattern for the
' intended Model here.
4 The long Intermiflion of our Parliaments, arid
' the Determination to be troubled with no more,
* and the great Miftake in firft fending the new
VOL. XIX E Service-
66 The Parliamentary HISTORY
* Service-Book into Scotland, raifed their Oppofi-
' tion again ft him, and gave no Encouragement to
* the Engltjh to engage againft them ; which, with
* the Doubtfulnefs of Succefs, produced the laft
' fhort Parliament, which was only confidered as
' to fcrve the King's Pleafure, to cloak his Breach
* of the Pacification with Scotland ; and, with
* twelve Subfidies demanded by him, to buy out
* his unlawful and unjuft Exaction of Ship- Money;
* but failing in his Expectation therein, he fudden-
* ly and wilfully, to the Terror of moft Men, dif-
* folved it.
4 The Scots, upon the King's Breach of his Faith
' with them, and perceiving the Difcontentsamongft
* us, came with an Army mtoEngland: TheKing,
* by many unjuft and unlawful Means, raifed and
c brought a great Force into the North to oppofe
' them ; where, being moved by worthy Petitions
' from feveral Parts, and by the Honourable En-
' deavours of many Noble Perfons, but principally
* by perceiving the Backwardnefs of his Subjects of
* both Kingdoms at that Time to engage in the
* Deftru<5tion of one another, for which End fuch
* Numbers of gallant Men were prepared by him,
* whofe Office was to be the Preferver of them ;
' and feeing no other Way, he did at laft conde-
* fcend to do that Part of his Duty to call this Par-
* liament.
* Vaft Sums of Money were required and raifed
* of the People of England, to gratify thofe by
' whom they had been highly damnified ; and both
* Armies paid by them, who neither occafioned nor
' confented to the railing of either. But, above
c all, the Englijh Army was laboured by the King
' to be engaged againft the Engli/h Parliament :
* A Thing of that Grange Impiety and Unnatural-
* nefs, for the King of England to follicit his Sub-
* jects of England to {heath their Swords in one
* another's Bowels, that nothing can anfwer it but
' his own being born a Foreigner; nor could it
* eafily have purchafcd Belief, but by his fucceed-
4 ing vifible Actions in full Purfuance of the fame.
Of ENGLAND. 67
* The firft Execution of this Defign of Mifery Inter-regnum,
* fell upon our poor Brethren in Ireland, where fo
* many Scores of Thoufands of them were with
c fuch wonderful Cruelty murdered, that fcarce
' any Bowels but are filPd with Compaflion at it;
' and yet fome of the Murderers themfelves have
c not forborne to affirm, That they had the King's
* Commiffion for their Actions.
' His late and flender proclaiming of them Re-
* bels ; his Confent to a Cefiation when the Re-
' bels gain'd all Advantages, and the Proteftants
' were deftroyed by it ; his intercepting and taking
c away Provifions and Supplies going unto them,
' are no good Teftimonies of his Clearnefs from
' that Blood which cried loud for Vengeance.
' But to return to England, where appeared
* Matter enough of Mourning.
c Upon the King's coming in Perfon to the
« Houfe of Commons to feize the five Members,
« whither he was followed with fome Hundreds of
' unworthy debauched Perfons, arm'd with Swords
< and Ptftols, and other Arms ; and they attend-
< ing at the Door of the Houfe, ready to execute
« whatsoever their Leader fhould command them :
* And upon fome other Grounds, (whereby
« Doubts being raifed in the People, that their
* Grievances would not be redrefs'd, they grew
« into fome Diforders) the King took Occafion
' from thence to remove from London, where pre-
* fently Forces appeared for him of his own Com*
* pany at Kingjlon.
* From thence he travelled to the North, endea-
' vouring to raife Forces there; inticed manyMem-
' bers of both Houfes to defert the Parliament, and
* Truft repofed in them by their Country, and to
' join with him in bringing Deftru&ion upon their
* Brethren and upon themfelves. Inftead of do-
' ing Juftice, he protected Delinquents from it. At
« 'Nottingham he fet up his Standard ; from Wales
' and the Marches he got together a powerful Ar-
* my, and gave the firft Onfet of Battle at Edge"
< hill.
E 2 'He
68 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. ' He pofiefs'd and fortified Oxford, his Head-
1648. * quarter^ an(j many other Towns and Places of
_7V~ * Strength ; and profecuted a fierce and bloody War
' againft the Body of all his own Subjeds reprefent-
' ed, and then fitting in Parliament; a Thing ne-
* ver before attempted by any King in this Nation,
* and which all Men have too fadCaufe with much
' Grief to remember.
* Their Towns and Habitations burnt and de-
* molifhed ; their pleafant Seats wafted ; their In-
c heritances given away to thofe that were moft
' a<5live in doing Mifchief ; their Servants, Bro-
* thers, Friends, and Children, murder'd. Thus
' his own People, whom, by the Duty of his Of-
* fice, he was bound to protect from all Injury,
6 were, by himfelf in Perfon, purfued with Fire
' and Sword, Imprifonments, Tortures, Death,
* and all the Calamities of War and Defolation.
' Notwithftanding all this, and in the Heat of
* it, many Addrefies were made by the Parliament
' unto the King for Peace ; but in none of them
* could an Agreement be obtain'd from him, when
* the leaft Word of his Confent would have ftopp'd
* that IfTue of Blood and Torrent of Mifery which
* himfelf had open'd in all Parts of his Kingdom.
* When the great God of Battle had determined
* very much in favour of the Parliament, and the
' King's Strength was almoft fallen away, fo that
* he thought it unfafe to truft himfelf any longer
* with his own Forces, yet would he not then
c vouchfafe to come in unto the Englijh, but ren-
' der'd himfelf to his Countrymen, the Scots ; gi-
' ving unto them the Honour both of receiving him,
* and parting with him again, upon their own
' Terms.
' After his Reftraint yet further Addrefles were
* made unto him by the Parliaments of both King-
* doms for Peace, with Propofitions, not heighten'd
* by Succefs ; but thefe would not be granted,
' there being new and hopeful Defigns of his in
' Hand, for bringing new Miferies upon his People,
6 which an Agreement upon thofe Propofitions
* might
Of ENGLAND. 69
' might cafily have prevented. After this pa/Ted inter-regnum.
* the Votes for no further AddrefTes to be made
' unto him.
« The laft Summer the Effeft of thofe Defigns,
' even whilft he was under Reftraint, began to
* break forth ; a new Vein of Blood was opened
' in the King's Name ; a Plot laid (as the Terms
' of their own Boafting were) as deep as Hell ;
' the Army divided into feveral Bodies ; the Fire
' brake forth in many Parts of the Kingdom at
' once ; and, for fear left the Numbers of their
* Englijh fhould be too fmali, or their Compaf-
* fion to their Countrymen too great, a malignant
' Party in Scotland is eafily invited hither : And
* although at firft they underftood die Covenant in
' that Senfe, and profecuted the Ends thereof, in
' joining with the Parliament of England, and fight-
1 ing againft the King's Party; yet now their Judg-
' ments are rectified to profecute the fame Ends by
* joining with the King's Party, and fighting againft
' their Fellow-Covenanters, the Parliament of
' England. But God will not be mocked ; and
' though this Cloud of frefh Calamities, both here
' and from the North, threaten'd the poor Nation j
* and, in all human Probability, was pouring utter
' Ruin upon us, yet the vifible Hand of God, as
' many Times formerly, fo now mightily and mi-
* raculoufly, appeared for us j and led the Army,
* whom he was pleafed to make his Inftruments,
* with that Courage, Wifdom, and Fidelity, as a-
* mazed and fubdued our Enemies, and preserved,
' under him, all that can be dear unto us.
' During thefe Diftraclions, and by what Means
4 is fuffictently known, and related more fully in a
' late Declaration, an eighth Addrefa muft be made
' unto the King, contrived by his Party ; the
' Votes of Parliament to the contrary revok'd, and
' Commtflioners fent to the Ifle of Wight ; where,
* inftead of yeilding to their juft Defires, whilft
' they were treating with him for Peace, even then
* was he plotting to raife a new War againft them,
E 3 * and
yo The Parliamentary HISTORY
* and to draw more Blood of his People: To this
1648. t j£ncj his two elder Sons were in Hoftility, and
""rrvT"""'' c armed with Power of granting Commifiions fur-
4 ther to deftroy the People committed to his
' Charge.
' Upon all thefe, and many other unparalellcd
' Offences ; upon his Breach of Faith, of Oaths
' and Proteftations ; upon the Cry of the Blood of
' Ireland and of England ; upon the Tears of Wi-
' dows and Orphans, and childlefs Parents, and
' Millions of Perfons undone by him, let all the
* World of indifferent Men judge, whether the
' Parliament had not fuflkient Caufe to bring the
6 King to Juftice.
' But it was objected, and it was the late King's
* own Affertion, That thoj'e in his high Place are
' accountable for their Atfions to none but God, whofc
* Anointed they are. From whence it muft follow,
* That all the Men of this Land were only made for
' the Sake of that one Man the King, for him to
' do with them what he pleafeth ; as if they had
* been all created for no other Purpofe but to fatif-
* fy the Lufts, and to be a Sacrifice to the perverfe
« Will, of a Tyrant.
4 This will not eafily be believed to be fo or-
' dained by God, who punifheth, but never efta-
' blifheth, Injustice and Oppreflion ; whom we
' find offended when the People demanded a King,
* but no Exprcflion of his Difpleafure at any Time,
' becaufe they had no King. Such an unaccount-
* able Officer were a ilrange Monfter to be per-
' mitted by Mankind ; but this Doctrine is better
* underftood by the prefent Age, than in former
* Times; and requireth the lefs to be faid in Coa-
' futation of it, being enough to confute itfelf.
' For the Fhrafe of Anointed^ no learned Divine
c will affirm it to be applicable to the Kings of
* England, as to thofe of Judah anu Ifrae!, or more
* to a King than to every other Magiftrate or Ser-
* vant of God ; or that the Words, touch not mine
6 Anointed^ were fpoken of Kings, but unto Kings ;
' who
Of E N G L A N D. 71
* who were reproved and enjoined to do no Harm inter-regnum.
Vto the Prophets and Saints of God, there under- 1648.
* ftood to be his Anointed. <— v— — >
* Another Objection was, That to bring a King Marcl1'
* to Trial and capital Punijhmcnt is without Pre-
* cedent.
' So were the Crimes of the late King ; and cer-
* tainly the Children of Ifrael had no known Law
* or Precedent to punifh the Eenjamites for their
' odious Abufe of the Lcvitis Wife, yet God
' own'd the Action.
* There want not Precedents of fome of his Pre-
4 deceflbrs, who have been depoled by Parliaments,
' but were after wards, 'in Darknefs and in Corners,
4 bafely murdered : This Parliament held it more
4 agreeable to Honour and Juftice, to give the King
' a fair and open Trial, by above an hundred Gen-
* tlemen, in the moft public Place of Juftice; free,
* if he had fo pleafed, to make his own Defence ;
' that Part of his Crime being then only objected
* againft him, of which the Parliaments of both
* his Kingdoms had, by their joint Declaration,
* formerly declared him guilty.
* With his Offences were join'd all along a
£ ftrange Obftinacy and Implacablenefs, and in-
* cefTant Labour for the Deftruction of his People;
* which (with the unerring Truth, wherein is no
* Difpenfation for Kings, that no Satisfaction jhall
* be taken for the Life of a Murderer ', but be Jhall
' furely be put to Death ; and that the Land cannot
* be cleanfed of the Blood that is Jhed therein, but
' by the Blood of him that Jhed it) brought on and
* effected the Work of Juftice upon him.
* The King being dead, the next Confideration
' fell upon his Children : From thefe Branches
* could be expected no other than the fame bitter
« Fruit which fell in the Reign of the Father, who
* had engaged them in his own Ways and Quarrel;
* and the two eldeft fo early appearing in actual
' Arms and Hoftility againft the Parliament, no
' more Safety or Security could be hoped for
<• flora
7 2 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jntfr-regnum. ' from them than from their Predeceflor ; nor, in
1648. < human Probability, as Affairs then flood, any
*"7rvT"~'' 4 fafe Way for a fure Peace and Prevention of fu-
4 ture Troubles, and to avoid a Succefiion of Mi-
* fery, but by taking away the Succeffion of that
* from whence it hath always rifen, and would
* certainly fpring again, if permitted to take new
4 Root, the Defigns and Practices of Kings, their
' Flatterers and evil Counfellors.
* The Objection is obvious, of Injujlice to dif-
4 inherit thofe who have a Right and Title to the
4 Crown. Surely the elder Right is the People's,
4 whom they claim to govern : If any Right or
* Title were in the eldeft Son, the fame is forfeited,
4 by the Father's A6t, in other Cafes ; even of Of-
4 ficers of Inheritance, which being forfeited for
4 Breach of Truft, (a Condition annex'd to every
4 Office) none will deny but that the fame exclu-
* deth the Children as well as the Officer : But
* here the elder Sons levied War againft the Parlia-
' ment ; and it cannot be alledged that the young-
4 er Children were born to any Thing.
4 But the fame Power and Authority which firft
4 creeled a King, and made him a public Officer
4 for the common Good, finding him perverted,
4 to the common Calamity, it may juftly be ad-
' mitted, at the Pleafure of thofe whole Officer he
* is, whether they will continue that Officer any
' longer, or change that Government for a better;
c and, inftead of reftoring Tyranny, to refolve into
' a free State.
' Herein the Parliament received Encourage-
' ment, by their Obfervation of the Bleffing of God
4 upon other States : The Romans \ after their Regi-
* fugiuni) for many hundred Years together, pro-
4 fpered far more than under any of their Kings or
4 Emperors : The State of Venice hath flourifhed
4 for one thoufand three hundred Years : How
4 much do the Commons in Sivitzerland, and other
4 free States, exceed thofe who are not fo, in Riches,
4 freedom, Peace? and all Happinefs ? Our Neigh-
4 bours
Of E N G L A N D. 73
* bours in the United Provinces, fmcc their Change inter-rcgnur
' of Government, have wonderfully increafed in l64s-
' Wealth, Freedom, Trade, and Strength, both by ' — ""^T"
, o i T i Marca»
* Sea and Land.
' In Commonwealths they find Juftice duly
£ adminifter'd, the great Ones not able to op-
* prefs the Poorer, and the Poor fufficiently pro-
* vided for ; the Seeds of Civil War and Difien-
* tion, by particular Ambition, Claims of Succef-
' fion, and the like, (wherein this Nation hath been
' in many Ages grievoufly employed) wholly remo-
' ved ; and a juft Freedom of their Confciences,
' Perfons, and Eftates, enjoyed by all Sorts of
« Men.
' On the other Side, looking generally into the
* Times of our Monarchs, what Injuftice, Oppref-
* fion, and Slavery were the common People kept
* under; fome great Lords fcarce affording to fome
' of their Servants, Tenants, or Peafants, fo good
' Meat, or fo much Reft, as to their Dogs and
' Horfes ? It was long fince warned in Parliament,
4 by a Privy Counfellor to the late King, That we
' fhould take heed, left, by lofing our Parlia-
' ments, it would be with us as with the common
* People in a Monarchy, where they are contented
' with Canvafs Cloathing and Wooden Shoes, and
' look more like Ghofts than Men : This was in-
1 tended for the Fate of England^ had our Monarch
* prevailed over us. To bring this to pafs, their
' Beafts of Forefts muft grow fat, by devouring
' the poor Man's Corn ; for Want of which, he
' and hjs Wife and Children muft make many a
4 hungry Meal : A Tradefman furnifhing a great
e Man with moft Part of his Stock, or a Creditor
' with Money, and expecting due Satisfaction and
' Payment, is anfvyered with ill Words or Blows ;
' and the dear-bought Learning that Lords and
' Kings Servants are privileged from Arrefts and
' Procefs of Law. Thus many poor Creditors and
' their Families have perifhed by the Injuftice and
6 Prodigality of their lawlefs Creditors.
74 The Parliamentary HISTORY
* A poor Waterman with his Boat or Barge ; a
* poor Countryman with his Team and Horfcs,
March ' and others of" other Callings, muft fen'e the King
4 for the King's Pay ; which, if they can get, is
* not enough to find themfelves Bread, when their
' Wives and Children have nothing but the Hus-
* band's Labour to provide for them alfo.
* For that one Exaction of the Court called
' Purveyance, about which our Anceftors made fo
' many good and fharp Laws, yet none of them
' could be kept ; it hath been lately computed to
' coft the Country more in one Year than their
' AiTeflments to the Army.
4 Thefe are fome of thofe generally obferved,
' and more public Exactions, which were obvious,
* not to the Underftandino; only, but to the Senfe
* of the many grieved Sufferers ; but if the vaft
4 Expence of the Court, in Ways of Luxury and
* Prodigality, be confidercd ; as, on the one Side,
by a Handing ill ordered Diet for a Number of
~>rones and unprofitable Burdens of the Earth ;
* by chargeable Feafts, and vain-glorious Mafques
4 and Plays, (their Sabbath-Days Exercile or Pre-
' parations) together with other (lefs fmful, but no
4 lefs) chargeable Provifions for Sports and Recrea-
* tions, for which thoufands of Acres, fcores of
* Miles, and great Parts of whole Counties have
' been feparated from a much better and public
4 Improvement.
* On the other Side, by thofe profufe Donations
' of yearly Salaries and Penfions granted to fuch
* as were found, or might be made, fit Inftruments
4 and Promoters of Tyranny, or elfe fuch as had
4 Relation to the King, in native or perfonal Re-
4 fpecls : In v/hich latter Kind may be (hewed Ac-
' counts of above 50,000 /. per Annum that was
* paid out of the Exchequer to Favourites of the
* Scots Nation ; befides the fecret Supplies from
' the Privy-Purfe and otherwife, beft known to the
' Receivers ; which may perhaps be one Reafon
« why they are fo zealous to uphold the Kingly
* Power
* by
'Dr
Of ENGLAND. 75
4 Power in this Nation, whereof the King wao
4 their Countryman.
' He that obferves fo many hundreds of them-
* lands, ccmwunibus Annis, expended in tholeWays ; arc '
* and {hall know that the legal juitifiablc Revenue
' of the Crown (befides the Cufloms and- fome o-
4 ther Perquifites charged with the Maintenance
4 of the Navy and Forts) fell fhort of one hundred .
c thoufand Pounds, might juftiy wonder what fe-
4 cret under- ground Supplies fed thofe Streams
4 of Vanity and Milchief, were it not as notorious,
4 that the Projects, Monopolies, Sales of Offices,
4 Bribes, Compositions for Breach of Penal Laws,
4 and the like Ways of draining the People's Purfes
4 as wickedly got, fo were only fit thus to be em-
4 ployed. By occafion whereof the Court arrived at .
4 that unhappy Height, as to be the great Nurfcry
4 of Luxury and Intemperance ; the Corrupter of
4 the Manners and Diipofitions of many otherwiie
4 hopeful Branches, fprung from the nobleft Fa-
4 milies; and an univerfal Perverter of Religion and
4 Goodnefs therein, making good the Proverb,
4 Exeat Aula qul vult cjfe pius.
4 In a free State, thefe, and a Multitude of the
4 like Grievances and Mifchiefs will be prevented; .
4 the Situation and Advantages of this Land, both
4 for Trade abroad, and Manufactures at home,
4 will be better underftood, when the Dangers of
4 Projects, Monopolies, and ObftrucYions thereof,
4 are, together with the Court, the Fountain of
4 them, removed ; and a free Trade, with Encou-
4 couragement of Manufactures, and Provifion for.
4 the Poor, be fettled by the Commonwealth,
4 whereunto the fame is moft agreeable, and which
4 the former Government had never yet Leifure
4 eftecStually to do.
4 Upon all thefe before-mentioned, and many
4 other, weightyConfiderations, the Reprefentatives
4 of the People, now aflembled in Parliament, have,
4 judged it neceffary to change the Government of
4 this Nation from the former Monarchy (unto
' which, by many injurious Incroachments, it had
* arrived)
76 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-regnum. * arrived) into a Republic, and not to have any
' more a King to tyrannize over them.
**~^fa~^~t ' In order hereunto, and for the better Settle-
* ment of this Commonwealth, it being found of
* great Inconvenience, that the Houfe of Lords
' (fitting in a Body by themfelves, and called by
* Writ to treat and advife, yet) in the making of
4 Laws, and other great Affairs, fhould any longer
' exercife a Negative Vote over the People, whom
' they did not at all reprefent ; and Hkewife a ju-
* dicial Power over the Perfons and Eftates of all
' the Commons, whereof they are not competent
' Judges j and that their Power and Grcatnefs did
* chiefly depend upon the Power and Abfolutenefs
' of a King, whereunto they had lately exprefled
' a fufficient Inclination.
* And it being moft evident, that (efpecially in
' the fe Times of Exigency) neither the Govern-
* mcnt of the Republic, nor the Common Safety,
' could bear the Delays and Negatives of a Houfe of
* Lords ; it was therefore thought neceflary, wholly
' to abolifh and take the fame away. Leaving,
' neverthelefs, unto thofe Lords who have been,
* and {hall be, faithful to the Commonwealth,
' the fame Privilege of choofmg, and being chofen,
* Reprefentatives of the People, as other Perfons
* of Interelr. and good Affections to the Public have
* Right unto ; and which is not improbable to have
* been the Way of our Anceftors, when both Lords
' and Commons formerly fat together.
* But an Objection is frequently made, con-
' cerning the Declaration of the Houfes, of April^
' 1646, For governing the Kingdom by King^ Lor (Is ^
' and Commons, and other Declarations for making
* him a great and happy Prince.
' This was then fully their Intent, being at that
* Time confident, that the King's ill Counfel once
' removed from him, he would have conformed
c himfelfto theDefiresof his People in Parliament;
' and the Peers, who remained with the Parlir ment,
' would have been a great Caufe of his fo doing ;
* but finding, after leven fruitlefs AddrefTes made
' unto
Of E N G L A N D. 77
c unto him, that he yet both lived and died in the inter-regnum,
* obftinute Maintenance of his ufurped Tyranny, l648-
* and refuted to accept of what the Parliament had v v— — '
* declared ; and to the upholding of this Tyranny, March-
' the Lords were all obliged, in regard of their
* own Intereft in Peerage ; whereby they affumed
4 to themfelves an exorbitant Power of Exemption
' from paying of their juft Debts, and anfwering
4 Suits in Law, befides an hereditary Judicatory
4 over the People, tending to their Slavery and
' Oppreffion, the Commons were confl rained to
4 change their former Refolutions, finding them-
' felves thus fruftrated in their Hopes and Inten-
4 tions fo declared : Which Change being for the
4 Good of the Commonwealth, no Commoner of
4 England can juftly repine at ; neither could the
4 King or Lords take any Advantage thereof, be-
* caufe they never contented thereto ; and where
* no Contract is made, there none can be faid to
* be broken : And no Contract is truly made, but
* where there is a Stipulation on both Sides, and
* one Thing to be rendered for another ; which
* not being in this Cafe, but refufed, the Com-
' mons were no ways tied to maintain thatDeclara-
* tion, to the Performance of which, they were not
4 jbound by any Compact or Acceptance of the o-
* ther Part; and to the Alteration whereof fo ma-
* ny Reafons for the Prefervation of the People's
* Liberties did fo neceflarily and fully oblige
4 them.
4 Another Objection is, That thefe great Mat-
' ten ought, if at ally to be determined in a full
4 Houfe, and not when many Members of Parlia-
4 ment are by Force excluded', and the Privilege
4 fo highly broken, that thofe who are permitted to
* fit in Parliament do but acJ under a Force, and
1 upon their good Behaviour.
4 To this it is anfwered, That every Parliament
4 ought to act upon their good Behaviour ; and
4 few have acted, but fome Kind of Force hath at
4 one Time or other been upon them ; and moft
6 of them under the Force of tyrannical Will, and
1 4 Fear
7 8 The Parliamentary HISTORY
4 Fear of Ruin by Difplcafure thereof; fonie under
' the Force of ieveral Factions or Titles to the
' Crown ; yet the Laws made, even by fuch Par-
4 liamcnts, have continued, and been received and
* beneficial to fticceedingfAges. All which, and
* whatfoever hath been done by this Parliament,
' fince fome of their Members defcrted them, and
4 the 'late King railed Forces againft them, and
* Ieveral Diforders and Affronts formerly offered
4 to them, if this Objection take Place, are wholly
4 vacated.
4 For any Breach of Privilege of Parliament ; it
4 will not be charged upon the remaining Part, or
'toJiave been within their Power of Prevention
4 or Reparation ; or that they have not enjoyed the
4 Freedom of their own Perfons and Votes, and
4 are undoubtedly, by the Law of Parliaments, far
4 exceeding that Number which makes a Houfe,
* authorized for the Difpatch of any Bufmefs what-
* foever: And that which at prefent is called a
* Force upon them, is fome of their beft Friends,
* called and appointed by the- Parliament for their
' Safety, and for the Guard of them againft their E-
' nemies ; who, by this Means, being; difappointed
4 of their Hopes to deftroy the Parliament, would
* neverthelefs fcandalize their Actions, as done un-
4 der a Force ; who, in Truth, are no other than
4 their own Guards of their own Army, by them-
* felves appointed : And when it fell into Confi-
4 deration, Whether the Privilege of. Parliament,
4 or the Safety of the Kingdom, fhould be prefer-
4 red, it is not hard to judge which ought to fway
4 the Balance ; and that the Parliament mould pafs
4 by the Breach of Privilege (as had been formerly
4 often done upon much fmaller Grounds) rather
4 than by a fullen declining their Duty and Truft,
4 to refign up all to the apparent Hazard of Ruin
4 and Confufion to the Nation.
* There remains yet this laft and weighty Ob-
jection to be fully anfwered, That the Courts of
4 yuftice, and the good old Laws and CuJ?oms of
4 England, (the Badges of our Freedom, the Bene-
Of ENGLAND. 79
* fit whereof our Anceflors enjoyed long before the Inter-regnum.
' Conquejl,, and /pent much of their Blood to have l648-
4 confirmed by the Great Charter of the Liberties ; ^M^^
4 and other excellent Laws which have continued in
* all former Changes ; and, being duly executed, are
4 the moft /'#/?, free, and equal of any other Laws '
4 in the World) will, by the prefent Alteration of
4 Government, be taken away, and lojl to us and our
4 Pojhrities.
4 To this, they hope, fome Satisfaction is already
* given.by the Shorter Declaration lately publiili'd ;
* and by the real Demonftrations to the contrary
* of this Objection, by the earneft Care of the
4 Parliament, That the Courts of Juftice at Wejl-
4 minjler fhould be fupplied the laft Term, and all
1 the Circuits of England this Vacation, with learn-
* ed and worthy Judges ; that the known Laws of
* the Land, and the Adminiftration of them, might
4 appear to be continued.
4 They are very fenfible of the Excellency and
4 Equality of the Laws of England being duly exe-
* cuted ; of their great Antiquity, even from be-
4 fore the Time of the Norman Slavery forced up-
4 on us ; of the Liberty and Property, and Peace
* of the Subject, fo fully preferved by them j and
' (which falls out happily, and as an Increafe of
4 God's Mercy to us) of the clear Confiftency of
4 them with the prefent Government of a Republic,
4 upon fome eafy Alterations of Form only, leaving
4 intire the Subftance ; the Name of King being
4 ufed in them for Form only, but no Power of
* perfonal Adminiftration or Judgment allowed to
4 him in the fmalleft Matter contended for.
4 They know their own Authority to be by the
4 Law, to which the People have affented ; and
4 befides their particular Interefts, which are not
4 inconfiderable, they more intend the common
4 Intereft of thofe whom they ferve, and clearly
4 underftand the fame, not poflible to be preferved
4 without the. Laws and Government of the Na-
4 tion ; and that if thofe fhould be taken away, all
* Induftry muft ceafe j all Mifery, Blood, and
Jnter-regnum.
1648.
March.
80 The Parliamentary HISTORY
* Confufion would follow ; and greater Calamities,
' it" poflible, than fell upon us by the late King's
4 Mifgovernment, would certainly involve all Per-
' fons, under which they muft inevitably perifh.
4 Thefe Arguments are fufficient to perfuade all
4 Men to be well contented to fubmit theirLives and
4 P'ortunes to thofe juft and long- approved Rules
4 of Law, with which they are already fo fully
4 acquainted ; and not to believe that the Parlia-
' ment intends the Abrogation of them, but to
4 continue and maintain the Laws and Government
4 of the Nation, with the prefent Alterations, and
4 with fuch further Alterations as the Parliament
' fhall judge fit to be made, for the due Reforma-
* tion thereof; for the taking away of Corruptions
' and Abufes, Delays, Vexations, unneceffary
* Travel and Expences, and whatfoever fhall be
4 found really burthenfome and grievous to the
« People.
' The Sum of all the Parliament's Defign and
4 Endeavour in the prefent Change of Govern-
4 ment, from Tyranny to a free State, and which
4 they intend not only to declare in Words, but
4 really and fpeedily endeavour to bring to efFedt,
4 is this :
4 To prevent a new War, and further Expence
* and EfFufion of the Treafure and Blood of Eng-
* land, and to eftablifh a firm and fafe Peace, and
4 an Oblivion of all Rancor and Ill-will occafioned
4 by the late Troubles ; to provide for the due
4 Worfhip of God, according to his Word, the
4 Advancement of the true Proteftant Religion,
4 and for the liberal and certain Maintenance of
4 godly Minifters ; to procure a juft Liberty for
4 theConfciences, Perfons, and Eftates, of all Men,
4 conformable to God's Glory and their own
4 Peace ; to endeavour vigoroufly the Punifhment
4 of the cruel Murderers in Ireland, and the re-
4 ftoring of the honeft Proteftants, and this Com-
4 monwealth, to their Rights there, and the full
4 Satisfaction of all Engagements for this Work ;
4 to provide for the Settling and juft obferving of
4 Treaties
Of ENGLAND. 8i
f Treaties and Alliances with foreign Princes and
'States, for the Encouragement of Manufactures,
* for the Increafe and Flourishing of Trades at
* home, and the Maintenance of the Poor in all March*
* Places of the Land ; to take Care for the due
4 Reformation and Adminiftration of the Law and
' public Jufticej that the Evil may be puniihed,
' and the Good rewarded j to order the Revenue
* in fuch a Way, that the public Charges may be
' defrayed, the Soldiers Pay juftly and duly fettled,
e that Free- quarter may be wholly taken away, the
' People be eafed in their Burdens and Taxes, and
* the Debts of the Commonwealth be juftly fatif-
* fied ; to remove all Grievances and Oppreffions
' of the People, and to eftablifh Peace and Righte-
4 oufnefs in the Land.
4 Thefe being their only Ends, they cannot
c doubt of, and humbly pray to the Almighty
* Power for, his Afiiftance and Bleffing upon their
* mean Endeavours ; wherein as they have not
* envied or intermedled, nor do intend at all to in-
* termeddle, with the Affairs or Government of
* any other Kingdom or State, or to give any Of-
* fence or juft Provocation to their Neighbours^
4 with whom they defire intirely to preferve all
* fair Correfpondence and Amity, if they pleafe ;
* and confine themfelves to the proper Work, the
* managing of the Affairs, and ordering the Go-
* vernment of this Commonwealth, and Matters
' in order thereunto, with which they are intruft-
* ed and authorized by the Confent of all the People
4 thereof, whofe Reprefentatives, by Election, they
4 are : So they do prefume upon the like fair and
* equal Dealing from abroad j and that they, who
* are not concerned, will not interpofe in the Af-
* fairs of England^ who doth not interpofe in theirs:
4 And in cafe of any Injury, they doubt notbut*
* by the Courage and Power of the Englijh Nation,
* and the good Bleffing of God, (who hath hither-
* to miraculoufly owned the Juftnefs of their Caufe,
* and, they hope, will continue to do the fame)
VOL. XIX F * they
82 The Parliament ary HISTORY
Xnter-regnum. t they {hall be fufficiently enabled to make their
l6*^* ' full Defence, and to maintain their own Rights.
' And they do expect from all true-hearted
' Englishmen, not only a Forbearance of any pub-
' lie or fecret Plots or Endeavours, in Oppofition
' to the preient Settlement, and thereby to kindle
' new Flames of War and Mifery amongft us,
' whereof themfelves muft have a Share ; but a
' ch earful Concurrence and acling for the Efta-
1 blifhment of the great Work now in Hand, in
' fuch a Way, that the Name of God may be
4 honoured, the true Proteftant Religion advanced,
« and the People of this Land enjoy the Bleflings of
' Peace, Freedom, and Juftice to them and their
« Pofterities.'
They order the March 23. The Day after publifhing the fore-
rftKte^fn", g°'mS Declaration, the Commons, in order to efta-
the Queen, and ' blifh their new Commonwealth the more effectu-
Prince, to be ap- ally, refolved upon the Difpofal of the Perfonal
praifed and fold, Eftates of the jate K;ng) Queen> anj prmce .
which they, this Day f, made an Order to have in-
ventoried, appraifed, and fold, except fuch Parcels
of them as fnould be thought fit to bei^jerved for
the Ufe of the State ; but with this rrovifo, to
avoid the Imputation of private Intereft, That no
Member of the Houfe fhould have any Concern
therein. In this Appraifement and Sale were in-
cluded, heu Dolor! all the noble Collection of Pic-
tures, antique Statues, and Buftos, which the late
King, at infinite Expence and Trouble, had pro-
cured from Rome and all Parts of Italy. A Cata-
logue of thefe moft valuable Curiofities, (many of
which now adorn the Palaces of the Louvre and
the Ejcurial, as well as thofe of other foreign
Princes) with their Appraifement and Sale, was in
the Hands of the late John Anflis, fen. Efq; Garter
King at Arms, from which the following Abftract
is taken.
PIC-
f The Aft for the Difpofal of thefe Pcrfonal Eflates was no:
ptfled till J*ly following.
<y ENGLAND. 83
PICTURES belonging to King C H AR L E s I. at his feve-
ral Palaces, appraifed, and moft of them fold, by the Council of
State. ,
I. s. d.
mbletonm&Green'ivich'PiOimes,^. 143, 7
appraifed at 5 ' *
Pictures out of the Bear Gallery, and fome"J
of the privy Lodgings at Whitehall^ N°. 61, > 2291 10 O
appraifed at J
Among ft thefe the capital Pitfures were,
1. Peace and Plenty, with many Figures, as big
as the Life, by Rubens, appraifed at, and fold
for, 100 1.
2. Pope Alexander and Cesfar Borgia, done by
Titian, appraifed at, and fold for, ioo/.
3. The Burial of Chrifi, by Titian, appraifed at,
and fold for, i2O/.
4. The Triumphs of Vefpaftan and his Son Ti-
tus, by Julio Romano, appraifed at, and fold
for, 1507.
5. A great Piece of the Nativity, by the fame
Hand, appraifed at, and fold for, 500 /.
6. The Cartoons of Raphael, being the Acts of
the Apoftles, appraifed at 300 /.
Oat land Pictures, N°. 81, appraifed at 733 i8 o
Nonfuch-Houfe Pictures, N°. 33, appraifed at 282 o O
Pictures in Somerfet-Houfe, with thofe which"*j
came from Whitehall and St. James's, >I0052 II O
N°. 447, appraifed at J
Capital Piftures in thefe Co/legions.
t. Mary, Chrijl, and an Angel, done by An-
drea del Sarto, appraifed at 200 /. and fold
for 2307.
i. Mary, Chrift, St. Katherine, St. John, Eli-
zabeth, and Jofeph, by Molanefo, appraifed at
ioo/. and fold for I20/.
Carried over 15069 1 8 o
Mary
84 ^kc Parliamentary HISTORY
/. s. d.
Brought over 15069 18 o
3. Mary, Cbrijl, and Jofepb, by Andrea del
Sarto, appraifed at 1507. and Ibid for iy4/.
4. Venus, lying along, playing on an Organ,
by Titian, appraifed at I5O/. fold for 1657.
5. Mary, Chrijf, St. Mark, and a Genius,
kneeling, by Titian, appraifed at 1507. and
fold for 165 /.
6. Mary, Cbrijt, St. Katberine, and Jofepb, by
Giorgioni, appraifed at ioo/. fold for U4/.
7. The three Jewellers, by Titian, appraifed at,
and fold for, ioo /.
8. A fleeping Venus, by Corregio, appraifed at,
and fold for, iooo/.
9. A Madona, by Raphael, appraifed at, and
fold for, 2OOO/.
10. Mary, the Child, and St. Jerome, by Par-
tinenfts, appraifed at, and fold for, i^ol.
11. Mary, the Child, and St. Sebajlian, by Pal-
ma, appraifed at, and fold for, ioo/.
12. The King, Queen, Prince, and Princefs,
by Vandyke, appraifed at, and fold for, ifo/.
13. The great Venus de Pardo, by Titian, ap-
praifed at 500 /. and fold for 600 /.
14. The Marquis de Gajlo making an Oration
to his Soldiers, by Titian, appraifed at, and
fold for, 250/.
15. Nymphs at the Birth of Hercules, by Julio
Romano, appraifed at ioo/. and fold for 114.7.
1 6. Titian's Miftrefs, by himfelf, appraifed at,
and fold for, ioo/.
17. King Charles on Horfeback, by Vandyke,
appraifed at, and fold for, 200 /.
1 8. Venus fitting to be drefled by the three
Graces, by Guido Bullioni, appraifed at,
and fold for, 200 /.
19. St. Margaret afraid of a Monfter, by Titian,
appraifed at, and fold for, ioo/.
20. Solomon offering to Idols, by Poedmore, ap-
praifed at ijo/.
Carried over 15069 18 o
Hampton-
O/* ENGLAND. 8$
/. s. d.
Brought over 15069 1 8 o
Hampton-Court Pictures, N°. 332, appraifed at 4675 10 c
Among thefe were,
1. Nine Pieces, being the Triumphs of Julius
Cafar, done by Andreiu De Montanger, ap-
praifed at iooo/.
2. Herod holding St. John's Head in a Platter,
by Titian, appraifed at I50/.
\
In the Committee Rooms at the Parliament 7
Houfe, were Pictures valued at J
Pi6luresatSt.J<7w^'s,N° 290, appraifed at 12049 4 &
In thefe Collections were,
1. St. George, by Raphael, appraifed at, and fold
for, 1507.
2. The Burying of Chrift, by Ifaac Oliver, ap-
praifed at, and fold for, ioo/.
3. The Marquis of Mantua's Head, by Ra-
phael, appraifed at, and fold for, 200 A
4. Albert Durer's Father and himfelf, by ditto,
appraifed at, and fold for, ioo/.
5. Tobanus and Erafmus, in two Pictures, by Hoi-
ben, appraifed at, and fold for, 200 /.
6. Mary, Cbriji, and others, by old Palma, ap-
praifed at 200 /. and fold for 225 /.
7. Three Figures, by Titian, appraifed at, and
fold for, i oo /.
8. A Man in Black, by Holben, appraifed at,
and fold for, I20/.
9. Mount Parnajfus, in a Cafe, by Indehaga,
appraifed at ioo /. and fold for 117 /.
10. Lucretia {landing by herfelf, in an Ebony
Frame, by Titian, appraifed at, and fold
for, 200 /.
11. St. John, by Leonardo da Vinci, appraifed
at, and fold for, I40/.
Carried over 31913 12
F 3 A Pie
86 27# 'Parliamentary HISTORY
/. *. d.
Brought over 31913 12 O
12. A Piece of the Mauritians, by Titian, ap-
praifed at 1507. and fold for 1747.
13. Charles V. at Length, by Titian, appraifed
at, and fold for, 1507.
14. St. Jerome, by Julio Romano, appraifed at,
and fold for, 200 7.
15. Twelve Emperors, by Titian, appraifed at,
and fold for, 1200 7.
1 6. Eleven Emperors, by Julio, appraifed at,
and fold for, uco/.
17. A Courtezan holding a Looking- Glafs,
by Portinenfes, appraifed at, and fold for, 1507.
18. Titian's Picture, with a Senator, done by
himfelf, appraifed at ioo/. and fold for 112 7.
19. A Satyre ftead, by Corregio, appraifed at,
and fold for, iooo/.
20. Another of the fame, appraifed at, and fold
for, iooo/.
21. Three Pieces of St. Seba/lian, by Lucas
Van Ley den, appraifed at ioo/. and fold for
101 /.
22. The Converfion of St. Paul, by Palma^
appraifed at, and fold for, ico/.
23. David meeting Saul, with Goliah's Head,
by Palma, appraifed at, and fold for, ioc/.
24. Dorcas lying dead, by Michael Angela Ca-
ravagio, appraifed at 1507. and fold for i/o7,
25. The Family of the Queen of Bohemia, ap-
praifed at, and fold for, ioo 7.
26. The Hiftory of Queen EJIher, by Tintoretto,
appraifed at, and fold for, 120 7.
27. A Family, with divers Figures, by Pordt-
noni, appraifed at, and fold for, ioo 7.
28. The King on Horfeback, appraifed at, and
fold for, 1507.
29. Hercules and Cacus, by Bolonefe, appraifed
at, and fold for, 400 /.
Carried over 31913 12 o
STA-
Of E N G L A N D. 87
/. s. d.
Brought over 31913 12 O
STATUES in Somerfet-Houfe, belonging to
King C HAR L E s I. appraifed and fold by the
Council of State.
In the Gallery, N°. 120, appraifed at 2387 3 O
In the Garden, N°. 20, appraifed at 1165 14 o
Statues at Greenwich, N° 230, appraifed at 13780 13 6
Statues in the Armory at St. James's, N°. 2Q, 1 /• /•
appraifed at J 656 ° °
Total 49903 2 6
This curious and valuable Catalogue fully jufti-
fies one Part of the Character given of King
Cbarks I. by a modern Hiftorian*, ' He had a
good Tafte of Learning, and a more than ordi-
nary Skill in the Liberal Arts, efpecially Painting,
Sculpture, Architecture, and Medals; and, being
a generous Benefactor to the moft celebrated Ma-
ilers in thofe Arts, he acquired the nobleft Col-
lection of any Prince in his Time, and more than
all the Kings of England had done before him.'
To the foregoing Account of the Sale of the
Royal Furniture, we (hall add Lord Clarendon's *
Account of the principal Purchafers thereof:
' Cardinal Mazarin^ who, in the Infancy of the
French King, managed that Scepter, had long a-
dored the Conduct of Cromwell^ and fought his
Friendlhip by a lower and viler Application than
was fuitable to the Purple of a Cardinal, fent now
to be admitted as a Merchant to traffick. in the Pur-
chafe of the rich Goods and Jewels of the rifled
Crown, of which he purchafed the rich Beds,
Hangings, and Carpets, which furnifhed his Palace
at Paris.
' The King of Spain had, from the Beginning
of the Rebellion, kept Don Alonzo de Cardinal,
who had been his Ambaflador to the King, reft-
ding ftill at London; and he had, upon feveral Oc-
cafions,
* Wdwift Mimsiri, p, Sx, a HiJItry* Vol. V. p. 163*
88 Tfo Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. cafions, many Audiences from the Parliament, and
*_ 4— feveral Treaties on foot ; and as foon as this dif-
*~^fa^TJ mal Murder was over, that Ambaflador, who had
always a great Malignity to wards the King bj bought
as many Pictures, and other precious Goods ap-
pertaining to the Crown, as, beina; fent in Ships to
the Corunna in Spain, were carried from thence to
Madrid upon eighteen Mules.
' Chri/iina, Queen of Sweden, purchafed the
Choice of all the Medals and Jewels, and fomc
Pic-tures of a great Price, and received the Parlia-
ment's Agent with great Joy and Pomp, and made
an Alliance with them.
' The Arch-Duke Leopold, who was Governor
of Flanders, dilburfed a great Sum of Money for
many of the beft Pictures, which adorned the fe-
veral Palaces of the King ; which were all brought
to him to BruJJeh c , and from thence carried by
him into Germany.''
His Lordfhip adds, e That not one of all thefe
Princes ever reftored any of their unlawful Pur-
chafes to the King after his Reftoration.'
And lay a Land- To return to the Journals. •
per*Menfem°up- March 24.. The Commons having, on the 8th
ontheKingdom,of this Month, rcfolved that the Sum of 1 20,000 /.
for fix Months. pgr
b This Account of the Difpofition of the Court of Spain towards
King Charles 1. (which was probably owing to an old Difguft about
the propofed Match with the Jnfar.ta) correfponds with what Mr.
Ludloiv writes upon this Subject : « The Spanijb Ambaflador
was the firft that made Application, from any foreign State, to the
Parliament : But they, not being fatisficd with the Addrefs of his
Credentials, refufed to receive them till it fhould be diredlsd To the
Parliament of the Common-wealth of England ; declaring, that tho*
they did not «ffecl any flattering Titles, yet they rcfolved to have
their Authority owned by all thofe who made their Addrefles to
them. With which the Court of Spain beinp made acquainted, tin:
Ambaflador received Inftrudlions from the King his Mafter to that
End, and framed the Direction according to our Defires.'
Memoirs, Vol. I. p.. 292,
c Amongft the Furniture bought by the Arch-Duke was a Set
of Tapeftry, the Property of King Charles I. when Prince of JFaltt,
and which had his Arms work'd in them. Thefe, as we have been
credibly informed, were purchafed at BruJJels, fome few Years fince,
for the Sum of 3000 /. by his late Royal Highnefs Freda irk, Prince
of Wtlet j and are perhaps all that ever came back to England.
Of E N G L A N D. 89
per Menfem be provided for fix Months for main- Interregnu
tainina; the Forces in England and Ireland, to the l649-
end Free-quarter might be taken off} and that, **"TTV .
towards railing this Sum, a Tax of QCjOOO/. per
Menfeni) for fix Months, be levied upon Lands
and Goods ; and having appointed a Committee
to confider of an equal Rule for laying fuch AflefT-
ment, a Report was this Day made, from the
Committee for the Army, of the Rates and Pro-
portions for each County as agreed on by them ;
which, after fome Debate and a Divifion there-
upon, was referred to a Committee of the whole
Houfe, and the next Month parted into an A£h
This being the firft Inftance of a Tax laid upon
the Subjects of England by Authority of the Houfe
of Commons only ; in order to make it more paf-
fable with the People, the Speaker was ordered to
write a circular Letter to the Commifiioners ap-
C'nted in every County for raifing the fame. The
tter itfelf is not entered in the 'Journals^ but
was printed about this Time in bcec Verba : d
GENTLEMEN, Weflmnfa April vj, 1649.
e r |->HE Parliament have lately patted an Act, The Speaker's
' herewith fent you, for the raifing of the circular Letter t»
< monthly Aflertment of 90,000 /. for the Mainte-
« nance of the Forces in England and Ireland^ for Of.
' fix Months, from the 25th of March laft paft, to
* the 29th of September next enfuing :
' I am commanded, by the Houfe, to recom-
* mend unto you the fpeedy putting the fame in
* Execution ; that the Monies, thereby appointed,
' may be timely artefled, collected, and paid, ac-
' cording to the Engagement of the Parliament ;
« which all good Men, who wifh well to the Ho-
* nour and Prefervation of the Commonwealth,
« and
<J In a Diary, intituled, P erf eEr Occurrences of every Day1 s Jour-
nal in Parliament ; Proceedings of the Council of State ; and ether
moderate Intelligence frtm his Excellency the Lord-General Fairfax'*
Army, and other Parts. Printed for John Ckwes and Revert Ibbit*
fen, and licenced by Tbeidare Jennings, N° jzz.
go The Parliamentary HISTORY
* and, in particular, to their own Good and Safctv »
c will he careful to effect; it being the molt effec-
* tual Means to take off, or prevent, the intole-
' rable Burden of Free-quarter, which otherwife
' will inevitably fall upon them.
* In all which you are chiefly concerned, whom
' the Parliament have efpecially intruded, for the
' more fpeedy and effectual carrying on of this
' Work ; which, being faithfully performed by
' you, will procure Quiet and Contentment to the
* People, and be efteemed a moft acceptable Ser-
' vice to the Parliament ; it being a great Part of
4 their Care, to prevent the fad Inconveniences of
* Free- quarter.
' I fhall not prefs you with many Arguments to
* quicken you to this Work, wherein the Public
* Peace, and Safety of the Commonwealth, is Co
' highly concerned : Your Care and utmoft Endea-
' vours in promoting this Service is expected by the
4 Houfe -y whereof not doubting, I reft
Tour very loving Friend^
W. LENTHALL, Speaker.
The Cartle of March 2"j . A Letter was received from Major-
Pontefraft fur- General Lambert , dated from Knotting!^. March
render'd to the the 2id, 1648, with the Articles of Agreement
Parliament. ^ tfae Rendition of pontefrafj Caftle ; ttfich , be-
ing read, were approved of by the Houfe. Alfo a
Petition from the Mayor, Aldermen, and all the
well-affected Inhabitants of the Town of Ponte-
fraft, was read ; after which it was refclved^
That the Caftle of PontefraEt fhould be totally
and forthwith demolished : That it be referred to
the Committee of the Weft-Riding of the County
of Tork, to take Care to fee this Caftle demolifh'd,
and levell'd with the Ground. The Sale of the
Materials of which to go firft to pay for the Charges
of Demolition ; and the Value of 1000 /. of the
Remainder to be allotted to the Town of Ponte-
y towards the repairing their Place of public
Wor-
Of E N G L AN D. 91
Worfhip, and the re-edifying an Habitation for a Inter- regnum.
Minifter.
Thus fell this noble, princely Palace, the antient
Seat and Demefnes of the Earls and Dukes of Lan-
cajhr: It was fo prodigioufly ftrong, by Nature and
Art, as, in earlier Times than thefe, when Gun-
powder was not known, to have been thought im-
pregnable ; and at this Time ftood a Siege of fome
Months againft the Power of the Parliament'sArmy
aflifted by Gunnery; and was the laft Fortrefs in
England that held out againft them for the King a.
The Houfe ordered 300 /. a-year, clear Rent,
to be fettled upon Major-General Lambert^ and
his Heirs for ever, out of the Demefnes of the Ho-
nour of Pontefratt^ for this and the many other
eminent Services done by him to the Parliament.
The Commons being informed of a Pamphlet A Pamphlet,
lately printed, call'd The Second Part of England'.? highly reflecting
new Chains discovered -, and the fame being read, ?» their Proceed-
. r . , ' ^,, ' . . , , . ° . . ' ings, voted to be
they refolved, ' l hat it contain d much falfe, fajfe, feditious,
fcandalous, and reproachful Matter; was highly &<=. and the AU-
feditious; and deftruaive to the prefent Govern- *
ment, as now declar'd and fettled by Parliament ; tors.
that it tended to Divifion and Mutiny in the Army ;
to the railing of a new War in the Commonwealth ;
to the hindering the prefent Relief of- Ireland; and
to the continuing of Free-quarter.' The Houfe alfb
declared, l That the Authors, Contrivers, and
Framers of the faid Paper were guilty of High
Treafon, and mould be proceeded againft as Trai-
tors : That all Perfons whatfoever, who fhould
join with, or adhere unto, and hereafter voluntarily
aid or affift, the Authors, Framers, and Contri-
vers of the aforefaid Paper, in the Profecution
thereof, mould be efteem'd Traitors to the Com-
monwealth ;
a This Garrifon, confiding but of a few Royalifts, held out very
near two Months after the late King's Death ; they had the Courage
not only to proclaim King Cbarlet the Second in it, but to ftrike
Coin in his Name ; on the Reverfe of which was this Infcription,
POST MORTEM PATRJS PRO FILIO: Some of thefe Coins are
ftill in the Collections of the Curious.
92 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
monwealth ; and be proceeded againft accordingly.'
And this Declaration was ordered to be forthwith
printed, publimed, and proclaim'd under the Di-
rection of the Council of State ; to whom it was
referr'd to find out and examine who were the
Authors, Contrivers and Framers, Printers and
Publifhers of the faid Pamphlet, and to proceed
therein as they fliould think juft and necefTary, for
preventing Tumults, and for prefcrving the Peace
of the Commonwealth.
A fhort View of this Pamphlet, which gave fo
great an Alarm to the new Republick, as to
occafion the foregoing moft extraordinary Votes of
Refentment, cannot be improper in this Place. It
lets forth, in the higheft Colours, * The Hypocrify
and Perfidioufnefs of the Council of the Army and
the Grandees, in cheating all Intercfts ; King, Par-
liament, People, Soldiers, City, Agitators, Level-
lers,^.' It affirms ' That the Grandees walk by
no Principles of Honefty or Confcience ; but, as
meer Politicians, are govern'd altogether by Occa-
fion, as they fee a Poflibility of making a Progrefs
in their Defigns; which Courfe of theirs they ever
term'd A waiting upon Providence, that, under Co-
lour of Religion, they might deceive more fecurely :
That their Intent is to garrifon all great Towns,
and to break the Spirits of the People with Oppref-
fion and Poverty.' It farther declares, ' That
thefe Grandees judge themfelves loofe, when other
Men are bound ; that all Obligations are to them
to comply with
the Agreement of the People , but only to amufe that
Party, whilft they haftily fet up a Council of State
to evrablifh their own Tyranny : That, to prepare
the Way to this, they broke the Houfe of Com-
mons, took away the Houfe of Lords, removed
the King by an extrajudicial Way of Proceeding,
and erected fuch a Court of Juftice as had no
Place in the Englijh Government : That the Re-
mainder
Of E N G L A N D. 93
mainder of the Houfe of Commons is now be- inter-regnum.
come a meer Channel, thro' which are convey'd l649-
all the Decrees and Determinations of a private V""7TVT""''
Council of fome few Officers : That all thefe, and
the Votes, That the Supreme Power is in the People^
and the Supreme Authority in the Commons^ their Re-
prefentative^ were only in order to their own Inte-
refts of Will and Power : That they place their Se-
curity in the Divifions of the People : And that if
the prefent Houfe of Commons fhould never fo
little crofs the Ambition of thefe Grandees, they
would mew no more Modefty to them than they
had done to the excluded Members.' It protefts
againft * their breaking the Faith of the Army
with all Parties ; their diffolving the Council of
Agitators, and ufurping a Power of giving forth the
Se'nfe of the Army againft the Parliament and
People ; againft their mooting to Death the Soldier
XiWare-i in Nov. 1647, and their Cruelties exercifed
on other Perfons, to the debafing their Spirits, and
thereby new-moulding the Army to their Defigns ;
againft their playing faft and loofe with the King
and his Party, till they had brought a new and
dangerous War upon this Nation ; againft their
diffembled Repentances ; againft their late extra-
ordinary Proceedings in bringing the Army upon
the City, to the Ruin of Trade ; their breaking
the Houfe of Commons in Pieces without char-
ging the Members particularly ; and then judging
and taking away Men's Lives in an extraordinary
Way, as done for no other End but to make Way
for their own abfolute Domination.' It alfo pro-
tefts ' againft the Erection and Eftablifhment of
the High Court of Juftice, as unjuft in itfelf, and
of dangerous Precedent in Time to come : As
likewife againft the Council of State, and putting
fome of themfelves therein, contrary to their own
Agreement? It affirms, ' That this Council was
no fooner erected, but it devoured half the Parlia-
ment of England ; and now is adorning itfelf
with Regal Magnificence, and the Majefty of
courtly Attendants, like the thirty Tyrants of
Athens,
94 The Parti ame?rtary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. Athens, to head itfelf over the People : That the
1649. Members thereof, by their Machiaviiian Pretences,
V"^7VT"1>' and wicked Practices, are become Matters and
Ufurpers of the Name of the Army, and of the
Name of the Parliament, under which Vifors they
had levelled and deftroyed all the Authority of this
Nation ; for that the Parliament, in Deed and in
Truth, was no Parliament, but a Reprefentative
Glafs of the Council of War ; and the Council of
War but a Reprefentative of Cromwell, Ireton, and
Harrifon ; and that thefe are the All in All of the
Nation, under the Guife and Name of Parliament,
General Council of the Army, High Court of
Juftice, and Council of State : That the Con-
clave of Officers have fuck'd in the Venom of all
former corrupt Courts and Interefts ; for that the
High CommhTion, Star-Chamber, the Houfe of ,
Lords, the King and his Privy Council, are all
alive in that Court call'd the General Council of
the Army : That the Nation was formerly ruled
by King, Lords, and Commons ; but now by a
General Court-Martial and Houfe of Commons ;
yet with this Difference, that the Lords were not
Members both of the Houfe of Peers and of the
Houfe of Commons ; but that the Officers, their
now Martial Lords, were Members both of the
Council of Officers, and of the Houfe of Com-
mons too : That the Nation had not the Change
of a Kingdom into a Commonwealth ; but were
only under the old Cheat of a Tranfmutation
of Names, with the Addition of new Tyran-
nies : That for cafting out one unclean Spirit
they had brought with them in his Stead feven
other unclean Spirits more wicked than the for-
mer, who had enter'd in and dwelt there ; and that
the laft State of this Commonwealth was worfe
than the firft.'
March 28. Great Part of this Day the Houfe
was taken up with reading feveral I/etters from Ire-
landt but none of them are inferted in their Jour-
nals*
Of E N G L A N D. 95
»<7/j, as they ufed to be at Length in thofc of the inter-rcgnum.
Lords. All we can learn of them, is, that they l649-
brought an Account of the Marquis of Ormond's '— ~~ *~ — '
making Peace with and joining the Rebels in that
Kingdom ; and of Col. Jones's refufmg to come in The Marquis of
to him : For which the Houfe voted the Marquis °rnw>nd voted
guilty of High Treafon, and approved of the Co-^on°,fo?±
loncl's Conduct in the Affair. king Peace with
the Irirti Rebels.
It is to be remembered that, while the King's
Trial was depending before the High Court of Juf-
tice, the Prefbyterian Minifters of many Parifhcs
in London and the adjacent Counties, to the Num-
ber of above fixty, published a Proteftation, ' de-
claring themfelves wholly unfatisfied with the Pro-
ceedings fince the Exclunon and Imprifonment of
the Members of the Houfe of Commons ; that
they held themfelves bound in Duty to God, Re-
ligion, the King, Parliament, and Kingdom, to
profefs before God, Angels, and Men, That they -phe clergy pro
verily believ'd the taking away the Life of the King, hibited meddling
in the Way of Trial, was not only not agreeable with Affairs of
to the Word of God, the Principles of the Pro- p^its? '
teftant Religion, (never yet ftained with the leaft
Drop of the Blood of a King) or the Fundamental
Conltitution of the Kingdom ; but contrary to
them, as alfo to the Oath of Allegiance, the Pro~
teftation of May 4, 1641, and the Solemn League
and Covenant.' And many of them, after the
King was beheaded, prayed publickly for the Prince
of JrUrs, as King, by the Name of Charles the
Second ; particularly one Mr. Cawton, who had
the Courage to do fo before the Lord Mayor, for
which he was ordered to be profecuted in the Up-
per Bench, by the Recorder of London, and the
Solicitor- General of the Commonv/ealth, for High
Treafon. The Commons, in order to prevent
fuch a Defiance of their Authority for the fu-
ture, this Day appointed a Committee to bring
in an A6t, forbidding Minifters in London^ or any
Part of England or Wales, in their Pulpits, in
Preach-
9 6 *Thc Parliamentary Hi s T OR v
Preaching or Praying, to meddle with Matters
of Government, or the Tranfactions of State; and
Jikewife prohibiting to hold Correfpondence or In-
telligence with foreign States, under a Penalty; and
only to apply themlelves to their Duty in preach-
ing Jefus Chriji and his Gofpel, to the edifying of
their Congregations. This Act appears, by the
Journals, to have been form'd upon the Plan of
an Order of the States General^ concerning their
Clergy.
March 30. Affairs in Ireland growing ftill worfe
againft the Government here, the Council of State
thought fit to nominate Lieutenant-General Crom-
well to go Commander in Chief into that Kingdom,
which the Houfe agreed to. Commifiary-General
Ireton, his Son-in-Law, was alfo appointed next
in Command under him : But at the fame Time,
as a Compliment to Lord Fairfax* they refolv'd
to continue his Lordfhip General of all the Forces
of the Parliament, both in England and Ireland.
TheLordMayor Complaint having been made to the Commons,
of London ha- That the Lord Mayor of London had not proclaim-
*^mUtheAaed the late Aft for aboliflling the Kingly Office,
f<>r abdifhing according to Direction from the Houfe, he was
Monarchy, ordered to be fummoned to appear at the Bar, on
Monday, April 2, to anfwer his Contempt there-
in. On which Day the Houfe, after making
fome additional Rules for Compofitions on De-
linquents Eftates, was inform'd, That the Lord
Mayor of London did attend their Pleafure accord-
ing to Order : Who being called in, and fet to the
Bar, the Speaker told him, The Houfe had here-
tofore fent an Order to him, and a Writ, to pro-
claim an A£t for abolifhing the Kingly Office in
England and Ireland, and the Dominions there-
unto belonging ; 2nd he was now fent for to an-
fwer his Contempt in not doing it. The Lord
Mayor anfwered, He did receive fuch an Order,
but that his Confcience being charged, as it was,
•with feveral Oaths at and before his Mayoralty, he
could
Of ENGLAND. 97
could not difpenfe with it in proclaiming that Acl> Inter-«gnum,
and therefore had not done it. Being ordered to
withdraw, and the Houfe having confidered of his **" "A^^I
Sentence, he was call'd in again, when the Speaker
told him, That it was their Judgment he be dif-
charged from the Office of Lord Mayor, and be
difabled from bearing that Office; fined 2000 /.
to be paid prefently ; and that he be committed
Prifoner to the Tower for a Month. The City
was alfo ordered to proceed forthwith to another
Election.
The Name of this confcientious Lord Mayor He is committed,
was Abraham Reynoldfon ; and it is remarkable thatfin*d> ?"dQ^ri"
the very next Day, April 3, when the Houfe was
inform'd another Lord Mayor was elected, they
thought fit to alter the Form of the Oath of this
Officer, from fwearing to be true and faithful to
the King, to be fo to the Commonwealth, &?r.
And, the fame Day, Alderman Thomas Andrews*
being prefented to the Houfe as the new Lord
Mayor Elect, was confirmed in that Office, and
ordered to have the above Oath adminiftered to
him, by one of the Barons of the Exchequer.
Next the Houfe proceeded to reform the Bench
of Aldermen in the City, and voted, That Sir John
Gayer, Thomas Adams, John Langbam, "James
Bunce, Names of Eminence, mentioned before in
this Hiftoryc, with Abraham Reynold/on, Aldermen,
mould be difabled and difcharged from bearing that
Office; and that the City do proceed to elecl:
others in their Stead.
For feveral Days after the Houfe did nothing
material, but making fome Orders for tranfporting
frefh Forces into Ireland, and for Payment of all
Forces defigned for that Service, under the Com-
mand of Lieutenant-General Cromwell: For which
they were obliged to borrow 120,000 /. of the
City, on the Security of the two laft Months Af-
feflment of the 90,0007. per Menfem A&; and of
that for the Sale of Fee-Farm Rents.
VOL. XIX G April
c In our Sixteenth a0d Seventeenth Volumes.
98 The Parliamentary HISTORY
April 14. The Houfc proceeded to regulate fome
Affairs relating to their own Members. It was
"TV7"""' ' ordered^ ' That upon any Suit commenced before
the Lords Commiflioners of the Great Seal, or in
The Privilege an7 °^ tne C°urts °f Weftmlnfter^ againft any Mem-
of Members of bers of Parliament, the faid Lords Commiflioners,
Parliament, as to judges, and Barons of the feveral Courts refpec-
dyifr, or any one of them, fhall, by Writing tm-
der his or their Hands and Seals, give Notice
thereof to every filch Member; whereupon the
Member is enjoined to give Appearance, and pro-
ceed as other Defendants, in cafe of like Suit or
Action ought to do ; or, in Default thereof, both
their Eftates and Perfons fhall be liable to any Pro-
ceedings, in Law or Equity, as other Members of
this Commonwealth.
April 1 8. The Houfe voted the Sum of 20,000 /.
per Annum.) to be paid out of the Revenue of
Deans and Chapters Lands, and the Tenths, fcrV.
for the Maintenance of Minifters, Scholars, and
the Increafe of the Maintenance of Mafterfhips
of Colleges in both the Univerfities of this Na-
tion.
The Council of State having got fome Intimation
of the Authors, Printers, &c. of a Pamphlet, lately
mention'd, call'd England's Second Chains, &c. had
imprifoned in the Tower for it, Lieutenant-Colonel
Lilbourne-> Mr' William Walwyn, Mr. Thomas
and Mr. Richard Overt on. And
Tower, for wri- This Day a Petition, fubfcribed by 10,000
ting a Pamphlet Hands, was prefented to the Houfe, intitled, The
humble Petition of divers well-a/efod Perfons in
the Cities of London fl«^/Weftminfter, the Borough
of Soufhwark, Hamlets , and Parts adjacent , in be-
half of the aforefaid Prifoners.
This Petition, which carries more of the Air of
an Impeachment, is not entered in the Journals.
Mr. Whitlocke has indeed left an Abftra6i of it
in a few Lines only ; but this Piece is of fo ex-
traordinary a Nature, and was productive of fo
many remarkable Confequences, that we fhall
make
Of E N G L A N D. 99
make no Scruple of giving it at large, as printed Jn
in one of the Diaries of thefe Times g. It runs l649<
thus : V"TV7"""'
April.
* f |"1HE more we confider the State and Condi- A Petition in
' tion of our four Friends, the more we are !-hei,r F*voar>
, ""• i , . <-.-., i • , T? r . lign d by i<J,ocO
* perplexed m our Thoughts with rear of great Peifons.
' Danger intended towards them : For though no-
* thing hath been pretended to be done by them
' contrary to any Law made before the Fact where-
* of they are fufpecled, nor any Thing done by
' them after you had publifhed your Declaration
* concerning the fame ; yet your Votes and Decla-
4 ration, the hoftile Seizure of them by the Coun-
* cil of State, and their Examinations apart upon
* Queftions againft themfelves, no Accufer appear-
' ing Face to Face, no Friends allowed to be pre-
4 fent, and thereupon committed Prifoners to the
' Tower^ do all, in a great Meafure, forejudge
' them as really guilty of High Treafon.h
4 All which Proceedings being directly contrary
c to Magna Cbarta^ the Petition of Right , and to
4 your own Declarations of the 8th of February
4 and i yth of March laft, wherein you refolve to
G 2 4 pre-
g The Moderate ; impartially communicating Martial 'Affairs
to the Kingdom ef England, N°. 41. This Diary, which was
printed without the Name of any Publisher, not only contains
a very exa«ft Account of the Proceedings of Parliament, but icems
to have been publifhed with a Defign to expofe their arbitrary and
tyrannical Proceedings. The Author of it, at the fame Time, ap-
pears, by his Style, to have been as determined an Enemy to the
R.oyalifts, as to the Army and the Houfe j and was probably him-
lelf one of the Levellers, who now began to be fo formidable to
the Parliament.
h To confirm all thefe Allegations in this Petition, there was
publifhed, at this Time, a Pamphlet, intituled, The PiSure of tbt
Council of State, btld forth to the free People ^England by Lieut.
Col. John Lilbourne, Mr. Thomas Prince, and Mr. Richard Over-
ton, now Prifoners in the Tower of London : Or, a full Narrative
of the late extrajudicial and military Proceedings againft them, la-
get her -with the Subftance of their feveral Examinations, j4.nfioerst
andDeportrnenti before them at Derby-Houfe, upon the z8f£ ofMarch
laft. — JJy this Narrative, fign'd by the Prifoners themfelves, it ap-
pears that they behaved with aftonifhing Refolution before the
Council of State, and gave them their own to their Fates witk
amazing Intrepidity,
ioo The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-regnum. < preferve inviolable thofe Fundamental Laws and
*649^ J ' Liberties, concerning the Prefervation of the
* Lives, Properties, and Liberties of the People,
4 with all Things incident thereunto ; we are in-
' forced to believe (what this Houfe hath formerly
' found) that Ibme eminent Perfons, whoie parti-
* cular Interefts our faid Friends may haveoppofed,
' have furprized this Honourable Houfe ; and tranf-
* ported you into fome caufelefs Fears of Danger
' from thofe our Friends, whole conftant Care and
' Watchfulnefs for 'the Settlement of this long-
* wafted Commonwealth, and Prevention of Mi-
' fery and Bloodfhed, hath been fo evident by their
* frequent Motions and Petitions to thofe juft Ends^
' efpecially by that which was burnt by the com-
' mon Hangman, that of September 1 1, 1648, and
' their Agreement of the Peo$le'l\ wherein are com-
* prized fuch clear Fundamentals of juft Govern -
* ment, Redrefs of Grievances, and Conducements
* to general Peace and Reconcilement, as, had their
* Advice in any reafonable Time been taken, we
* are verily perfuaded, much of that Rancour, Bit-
4 ternefs, and Bloodfhed which hath befallen, had
* been prevented. And which, in our Apprehen-
e fions, are fufficient Evidences againft all Sufpi-
* cions of treafonable Practices, or Intentions in
* them j and may alfo acquit them of that Afper-
* fion of Unfettlednefs caft upon them ; and which
* we wonder did not invite a more refpe&ful Car-
' riage towards them, than to fetch them out of
* their Beds and Houfes by fo formidable Parties of
« Horfe and Foot.
' And truly, if we may have Leave to fpeak our
' Hearts in behalf of thefe our Friends, who for
' many Years have neither fpared their Eftates nor
e Time, but frequently hazarded their Lives in
' our Behalf, and for the Safety and Freedom of
c Parliament and People ; we are perfuaded in our
' Confciences the greateft Crime, or rather Caufe,
* for which they are thus molefted, is, That they
< have
* In our Seventeenth Volume, p. 451.
•Of E N G L A N D. 101
* have incefTantly endeavoured to induce the Army Jnter-regnum.
* to the real Performance of thofe many good l649«
e Things they engaged for, and largely promifed *"" ""XT"""'
* to this Nation, in their many Declarations, &c.
4 when firft they difputed and oppofed the Orders
* of Parliament : And for that they have endea-
' voured to confine the Intereft of the Army to
' the juft Intereft of the People, and to reduce the
' Military Power to a real Subordination to the
* Civil Authority.
* For which their Endeavours, we verily believe,
* they are hated by fome eminent Perfons of the
' Army; whofe frequent diftincT: Actings according
* to their own immediate Wills, towards this Ho-
' nourable Houfe, in carting out Members without
* any Charge brought againft them, leaving or-ta-
' king in only whom they pleafed, and fo in the
* Army ; and by their Prevalency againft fome par-
' ticular Perfons, hath made them prefume, and,
' we fear, refolve, to facrifice the Blood and Lives
6 of thefe our dear Friends, for Handing betwixt
* their abfolute Domination and the Freedom of
c the People.
' And that this may not appear to be a ground -
* lefe Suppofition, 'be pleafed to take Notice that
* our faid Friends have been long afperfed by them,
* as Levellers, Atheifts, Jefuits, &e. upon what
* Ground and to what End we know not, except
1 to prepare them to Deftruction ; threatening,
' That, if once they caught hold of them, they Jhould
* not efcape out of their Hands, as they had done out
* of the Hands of Holies and Stapylton j that they
' have deferred more to be fought again/I than the
' moft defperate Enemy : Plotting and contriving,
( in their General Council of Officers, to get a
* Law To have Power to hang, or otherwife put to
* Death, as they faw Caufe ; and that becaufe the
* Civil Magijtrate could not difpatch them fajl
* enough.
' In all which their Threats and Contrivances,
* there are many Circumftances to prove that they
' principally aimed at thofe our Friends : And fo,
G 3 * when
102 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-regnum. * when neither byThreats or'Promifes they could
* prevail with them to defift from preferving the
' Freedom of the Nation, and Difcovery of their
* Defigns, (as was done in their Serious jfpprel.<cn-
*• fans, preferred to this Houfe the 26th of February
* laft) having abfolute Power in the Houfe, where,
' contrary to the Self-denying Ordinance, they take
' up many Places, which, with an Army at Com-
' mand, is more than all the reft ; and having got
' enew of themfelves into their Council of State,
' (contrary to their own pofitive Confent in the
' Agreement of the People) they catch at an Oppor-
* tunity, and fall upon our Friends with fuch a
* Face of Force and Terror as would have made the
* World believe, whatever Cruelty had fucceeded,
* there had been a Caufe anfwerable to that Force.
' The like having not been known, that Per-
* fons fo vifible and refponfible fhould (to the Ter-
( ror of their Wives, Children, Families, and
' Neighbours) in the Break of the Day, be fetch'd
' out of their Beds, forced out of their Houfes, and
* carried away as Prifoners of War ; and, after a
* Day's Reftraint in the Garrifon at Whitehall*
* carried before the Council of State ; and there,
' after Examination of them againft themfelves (no
* Accufers appearing Face to Face, or Friends al-
' lowed to be prefent) were, about Twelve o'Clock
' at Night, committed Prifoners to the Tower, up-
* on Sufpicion of High Treafon. In the Debates
* whereupon, as we are credibly informed, Lieu-
f tenant-General Cromwell declared in the Coun-
' cil, That they mujl break this Party in Pieces,
' (meaning our Friends) or they would break them:
* That, if they did not do it, they would render them-
( f elves the mo ft filly, low-fpirited Men in the If^orld^
* to be rr.uted by fo contemptible and def pi cable a
' Generation nf Men.
' And immediately after was publiflied your De-
* claration, which, reflecting upon them as Perfons
* feditious, deftrnftive to the prefent Government,
* Mutineers, Hinderers of the Relief of Ireland,
< and Conitnuers of Free -quarter, hath (with the
reft
Of ENGLAND. 103
' reft before-mention'd) To fore-fpoken them, that, Inter-regnum.
4 wherefoever they come to Trial, they are likely l649-
4 to fall under Abundance of Prejudice 3 befides ^"^ ^C"""*
4 the Influence thofe eminent Perfons (who now *n
6 vifibly appear their particular Adverfaries) have
4 upon all Perfons in Office, and upon the prefent
* Forces in being. Infomuch as, all Things
* duly weighed, they are, in Truth, really fore-
4 judged and condemned; for what Judge and Jury
* may not, unawares, be captivated by fo many
' Pre-occupations and Pr£-pofieffions, or not be
* terrified to do what fo forcible and powerful In-
4 fluences fo ftrongly incline, if not inforce them
* unto?
* Befides, your Order for their Trial requires
' the Attorney- General f to take fpeedy Courfe for
' Profecution of them ; which is a Difadvantage
* we hoped thefe Times would have been free from,
4 as holding too much Refemblance with thofc
' foregone ; that fought, by Craft and Sophiftry,
4 to entrap and enflave plain Men in their Trials
* for Life, Eftate, or Liberty, to the Wills of
' Princes : The faid Attorney being a Member of
' your Houfe, and confequently a Judge of the
' Judge before whom he pleads ; and, in Oppofition
* to our Friends, reprefenteth no lefs than the Su-
4 preme Authority j a mod unequal Profecutor,
4 and againft whom they have no Plea or Relief,
4 as, by Law, they have againft others.
' Upon all which Confiderations, we cannot
c difcern it to be equal in itfelf, or £afe for them,
c that they fhould, through fo many Prejudices and
* Pre-occupations, be by you put upon their Trial
4 in the Upper Bench : So that however plaufible
* it may feem in itfelf for you to put them upon
* this Kind of Trial, yet, all Things confidered,
* nothing more evidently tendeth to their Deftruc-
' tion : Nor can we difcern how it can be juft to
'try
f Edmund Prideaux, Efq; (Member for Lyme Regis) who was
appointed Attorney-General to the Commonwealth a few Days be-
fore. He was firft made Sollicitor upon Mr. St. Jobrfs accepting
the Office of Chief Juftice of the Common Pleas, in Qtfohcr, 16$*
IO4 7fo Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum, try Men upon a Declaration made after the Fact
1649. pretended; nor can we judge it reafonable thatfo
*•— "v— — ' ' many Members of the Army, their profefs'd Ad-
Ap ' * verfaries, fhould, contraryto the Self-denying Or-
' dinance and common Equity itfelf, fit as Judges
' in this Honourable Houfe, or in the Council of
* State, whilft this Caufe is debated ; they having
' in effect been charged by thofe our Friends, in
' their Serious Apprtktnfions to this Houfe ; and
' this Proceeding towards them appearing but as a
* revengeful Recrimination. And therefore if, af-
* ter mature Confideration of the Premifles, you
' fhall judge them worthy of further Profecution, as
* for our Parts we verily believe there is no Caufe,
' we earneftly intreat that you will firft make
* ftrict Inquiry into the Caufe of that Terror and
' Force of Soldiers ufed towards them, contrary to
' Law j repair their Credit ; give them the Bene-
* fit of Law againft whomsoever mall appear to
< have been Authors or Actors therein ; and en-
e large them from their prefent Imprifonment in
' the Tower.
' And then, if any Perfon hath wherewith to
« accufe them, that they be proceeded againft, as
' by Law they ought, by Warrants from a Juftice
* of the Peace of the Neighbourhood, where the
' Fact in Queftionwas pretended to be committed;
* not granted without Oath made of a Crime
* againft fome Law in being before the Fact ; and
* to be ferved by Conftables, not Soldiers, and that
* upon Appearance of the Accufers and Accufed
« Face to Face, as by Law is due ; and if the Fact
* be bailable, then to be allowed Bail ; if not, to
' be fecured in that legal Prifon appointed for that
* Place and Fact, untill the next Seffions, not in a
* Prerogative Prifon as'the70w*r is; and then,
' in an ordinary Way, exempt from all fuch Pre-
* occupations and Fore-judgings, to have the Be-
' nefit of a Trial by a Jury of twelve fworn Men
* in the Neighbourhood, not over-aw'd by Soldiers,
' nor difturbed by Policy or Sophiftry. A Trial
' which, we conceive, cannot in Juftice, in any
<Cir-
Of E N G L A N D. 105
4 Circumftance, be denied to the worft of Thieves, inter-regnum,
' Murderers and Traitors ; and which was our
' real Intentions in our late Petition prefented to
* you concerning them. And we are confident
' our Friends, upon fuch a Trial, will prove them-
' felves to be no fuch Perfons, but faithful Friends
* to their Country's Liberties.
' We alfo intreat that, for the future, no Perfon
* may be cenfured, condemned, or molefted, con-
£ cerning Life, Limb, Liberty, or Eftate, but for
* the Breach of fome Law firft made and publifh-
4 ed ; and that this Honourable Houfe would be a
* Pattern to all future Parliaments, in leaving the
' Trial of all fuch Caufes to fubordinate Magi-
* ftrates, and ordinary proper Courts of Juftice.
* That the Execution of Civil Affairs may be
e wholly freed from the Interpofition of the Sword ;
* and that Martial Law, during; the Time of Peace,
* where all Courts are open, may not be exercifed
c upon the Perfons of any whomfoevcr. All which
' are not more evidently juft in'themfelves, than
* they are confonant to Magna Charts and the Pe-
e tition of Right ; the Benefit whereof, we truft,
* you will never be induced to take from us.
« That Captain Bray, now clofe Prifoner in
c Wmdfor Caftle% may immediately be enlarged,
c or otherwife be put upon a legal Trial, as is be-
' fore defired in behalf of our other Friends.
4 Laftly, We intreat that there may be fome ge-
* neral Encouragement from you, to proceed to a
* fpeedy Settlement, by way of an Agreement of
* the People^ upon the Grounds of an equal and
1 juft Government; that fo all Difcord, Enmity and
* DifTatisfadtion amongft former Friends, may fi-
4 nally receive a fpeedy End, by and with this Par-
* liament; and that the End of this may be the
* Beginning of a new and equal Reprefentative.'
The foregoing Petition, being read, gave fo high
Offence to the Houfe, that they refolved, That
the
c He was committed for publifhing a Pamphlet againft the Pro-
ceedings of Lord Fairfax and his Council of War.
io6 T&e Parliamentary HISTORY
. the Petitioners fhould have a very fharp Reprchen-
1649. fion for it. A Committee was alfo appointed to
*— """^ ~~~"^ withdraw immediately, and prepare an Ani'wer to
be given to the Petitioners by the Speaker j which,
upon their being called in, he delivered to them in
the following Terms :
Gentlemen,
For which they' fTTlHE Houfe hath read your Petition; and,
receive a feverc .« • }eft \ fhould miftake as you have done,
111' h»th commanded me to give you this Anfwer :
* That the four Perlbns in your Petition princi-
' pally concern'd are, upon juft and mature Con-
« iideration, appointed to be brought unto a legal
* Trial for Crimes againft Law preceding the Fad},
' and not after, as fuggeited ; at which Trial they
* will have free Liberty to offer whatfoever they
' {hall have to fay in their own Defence : And to
* fuch Proceedings the Parliament do expect that
4 all Perfons in England fhould fubmit, and in the
* Judgment of Parliament acquiefce.
' That the Contrivers of this Petition have
1 therein taken a Liberty of fcandalous and fedi-
* tious Suggeftions, not allowable nor juftifiable in
* any Perfons whatfoever, under Pretence of Peti-
' tioning ; and do fo far countenance the imprifoned
* Perfons, in the Offences for which they are que-
' ftioned, as might render them juftly fufpected of
c the like Crimes. But the Parliament will yet
' exercife Patience towards you, conceiving that
*• divers well-meaning Men may, by falfe yet fpe-
' cious Pretences, be deluded into this Mifcarriage ;
' and hoping that, by this Forbearance, fuch may
* come to fee their own Errors.'
This Anfwer was ordered to be printed and pub-
lifti'd ; but it was of very little Ufe, for when the
Men durft not any more petition in Behalf of £//-
bourne and his Aflbciates, the Women took it
up; and prefented one to the Houfe in Terms, as
Mr. Whitlocke writes, almoft fcolding. To which
they ordered the following Anfwer to be given them
by
Of ENGLAND, 107
by their Serjeant at Arms : c That the Matter they Inter-regnum,
' petitioned about was of an higher Concernment l649-
* than they underfrood ; that the Houfe had given ^^^^
* an Anfwer to their Hufbands ; and therefore de-
* fired them to go home and look after their own
' Bufmefs, and meddle with their Houfewifery.'
April 20. The Houfe fell upon their ufual Me-
thod of feeking God, by Fafting and Prayer; they
had a Faft the Day before this, on which they had
no lefs than three Sermons preached to them, in
Margaret's Church, Wejlminfier, as it was then
called : And another Fait was ordered for the 3d
of May next, all which were to implore God's
Bleffing upon the Forces of the Parliament already
in Ireland, and thofe that were to be fent thither.
Lieutcnant-General Cromwell, Commifiary-Ge-
neral Ireton, and Mr. Corbet, were ordered to pre-
pare Preachers for that Exercife.
The Earl of Pembroke, having fo far waved his
Peerage as to be chofen and return'd Knight of the •
Shire for the County of Berks, took his Seat in the Three Peers e-
Houfe ; and was this Day apoointed by them one lerafd ^emrbe"
t- i V> • rr c L XT a r of the Houfe of
of the Commiiiioners of the Navy. Soon after commons,
the Lord Howard of EJkricke got himfelf return'd
for the City of Carlijle, and was admitted to fit as
a Commoner in the Houfe. William Earl of Sa-
lijbury did the fame for -Lynn, in Norfolk, to the
freat Difgrace of that Noble Family; which had
een raifed, by Royal Bounty, in the three laft
Reigns, to the great Honours and Wealth they
were then poffeffed of. Thefe three Lords were
all of the whole Peerage that, fo far, bowed their
Knees to this Commonwealth . And the Commons,
to compliment their coming amongft them, voted,
That they fhould fit in all the Committees of
which they were Members at the Time when the
Houfe of Lords was diffolved.
April 23. The Commons next proceeded to no-
minate Commiffioners of the Excife and of the
Cuftoms,
io8 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. Cuftoms, with all their Under-Officers, and to
1649. make large Regulations for the fame.
April 25. This Day the Houfe heard a Report
from the Council of State, concerning a Let-
ter received from the Earl of Northumberland,
Who vote 3000!. about fome Maintenance for the late King's Chil-
per Ann. for dren. At the fame Time the Houfe read a Petition
Maintenance of from fucn Servants as were appointed by Parliament
two of the late , , c f~,, ••, , c \ . A * ,_._,. ..
King's Children, to attend thofe Children, for their Arrears. Thefe
were ordered to be referred to the Committee for
the Revenue, and they were required to pay to the
Earl of Northumberland fuch Monies as were due
to him, according to feveral Orders and Ordi-
nances of Parliament, for Maintenance of the
Duke of Gloucefter and the Lady Elizabeth, his
Sifter, unto that Day : Likewife all the Arrears
due to the Servants for Wages and Diet.
At the fame Time two Letters were read, from
the Princefs Elizabeth ; one of them, dated Ja-
nuary 22, 1648, no doubt, was for impjoring
Mercy for her Father's Life ; the latter, dated
April 2, 1649, we are told, was to defire Leave
to go beyond Sea ; which la,ft Requeft, being put
to the Queftion, was carried in the Negative, by 29
againft 24. So 3000 /. per Annum was ordered to
be fettled upon the Duke of Gloucefter and the La-
dy Elizabeth ; and the Care and Tuition of them,
with the Management of this Allowance, was at
that Time committed to Sir Edward Harrington,
not a Member, but he afterwards defired to be ex-
cufed from the Office.
And order Mo- Another Report was made to the Houfe from
E£l£2w *• Council of State> concerning the Form and In-
*he Common, fcriptions of the new Coin ; when it was refolved
wealth. to have the Infcription in the Englijh Tongue, and
to be, on that Side where the Englijh Arms do
iland alone, THE COMMONWEALTH OF ENG-
LAND ; on the other Side, which bears the Arms
of England and Ireland, GOD WITH us. Thefe
Coins are yet very common in the Cabinets of
Colleftors.
The
Of E N G L A N D. 109
The laft Matter done this Day by the Houfe, inter-regnum.
•was to vote that an Aft of Oblivion (hould be j649-
brought in ; and the Queftion being put, That the ' ^"""-J
Time to be fet in that Aft, from which no Aftion Apnl>
or Suit {hall be commenced or profecuted for a"y An Aft of Obli-
Thingfaid or done in the Time of the War, and invion ordered in,
Profecution thereof, fhall be before the firft Day of
this Term: The Houfe divided, when it was car-
ried in the Affirmative, 25 againft 22 j and an
Aft was ordered in accordingly.
Nothing further occurs in this Month worth
our Notice, except an Aft of fatal Confequence
to the Hierarchy, the Preamble to which runs thus : Another for the
* The Commons of Engla nd^ in Parliament aflem- Sale of Deans and
c bled, having ferioufly weighed the Neceffity ofchaPtersLands>
' raifmg a prefent Supply of Monies for the pre-
' fent Safety of this Commonwealth ; and finding
' that their other Securities are not fatisfaftory to
' Lenders, nor fufficient to raife fo confiderable a
' Sum as will be neceflary for the faid Service, are
' neceffitated to fell the Lands of the Deans and
* Chapters, for paying of the Public Debts : And
' for the raiftng of 300,000 /. for the prefent Sup-
4 ply of the prefling Neceffities of this Common-
' wealth, they do enaft, ordain, and declare, cffr.'
By this A6t the Name and Funftion of Deans,
Deans and Chapters, Canons, Prebendaries, and all
other Offices and Places belonging to any Cathedral
or Collegiate Church or Chapel, in England or
Wales ^ were abolifh'dj and all their Manors, Lands,
Impropriations, Tythes, Rights of Patronage and
Prefentation, and all other Pofleffions whatfoever ;
together with all Charters, Deeds, Writings, and
Evidences, concerning the fame, were veiled in
Truftees for the Ufe of the Commonwealth : But
all Lands, &c. appointed for the Maintenance of
Grammar Schools, Alms-houfes, or other chari-
table Ufes ; as alfo for repairing of Highways and
Bridges, were excepted : Nor did this Aft extend
to the Revenues of any College, Foundation or
Houfe
no The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. Houfe of Learning, in cither of the Univerfities,
1649- nor to the Schools, of IVfjbninJter^ Winchejler,
*"" v~— ' or Eaton. Thefe Lands of Deans and Chapters
were not to be fold under twelve Years Purchafe,
nor a Reverfion thereof upon a Leafe for one Life,
under fix Years ; for two Lives, three Years and
a half; and for three Lives two Years and a half's
Purchafe; and fo in proportion. Their Parfon-
ages and Tithes appropriate, and Rents illuing
therefrom, as alfo their Rights of Patronage and
Prefentation, were excepted from Sale, in order to
be applied to the better Maintenance of Parochial
Minifters. Thus much may be fufficient to give
the Reader an Idea of this extraordinary Act.
For fettling the May I. This Day Sir Arthur Hejlerigge brought
Commonwealth, jn an Aft touching' the Settlement of the Com-
monwealth ; which was read a firft and fecond
Time, and afterwards referred to a Committee of
fuch Members as were of the Council of State >
but all that came were to have Voices.
And declaring The fame Gentleman alfo brought in another
T** °ffencf; Aft, declaring what Offences {hall be adjudged
Aall be deem d _ ' ,. ,9 , .,•'.&
Tseafcn. . Treafon ; which was read and committed in the
fame Manner.
The Houfe likewife appointed a Day for taking
into Confideration the Bufmefs touching undue
Elections and unequal Reprefentatives.
This laft Refolution was probably owing to the
great Alarm fpread throughout the Kingdom on
account of the Imprifonment of Col. Li/bourne,
Wahvyn^ Prince, and Overton; who, as already ob-
ferved, not only h'ad the Courage to print a Narra-
tive of all that pafs'd between the Council of State
and themfelves, but alfo this Day publifhed, with
an Introduction by way of Appeal to the People,
their new Model of Government, intitled, An
Agreement of the Free People of England, tendered
. as a Peace-Offering to this diftrefs'd Nation, fub-
fcribed with their own Names, and dated, From our
caufelefs Captivity in the Tower of London, May i,
1649.
Of ENGLAND m
1649. This Project, which aim'd at the imme-
diate Difiblution of the Parliament and the Coun-
cil of State, took fo much with the Public, that
not only the Printer thereof had the Refolution to
put his Name to it, but even the Licenfer of the
Prefs o-ave it his Imprimatur: He was foon after
removed from that Office ; and it is highly pro-
bable his licenfmg of this Pamphlet contributed
not a little to his Difmiffion. As it is ftricrly Par-
liamentary, we flaall give the Heads thereof from
the original Edition ',
L ' That the Supreme Authority of England, Heads of a new
* and the Territories therewith incorporate, mall plan of Goyem-
' refide henceforward in a Reprefentative of tfotowiSe.AyrJ
' People, confifting of 400 Perfons, but no more; An Agreement of
n
tiie Choice of whom, according to natural thi P
' Right, all Men of the Age of twenty-one Years
* and upwards (not being Servants, or receiving
c Alms, or having ferved the late King in Arms or
* voluntary Contributions) fhall have their Voices,
* and be capable of being elected to that Supreme
' Truft, thofe who ferved the King being difabled
* for ten Years onry. All Things concerning the
4 Diftribution of the faid Members proportionable
' to the refpe£tive Parts of the Nation, the Places
* for Election, the Manner of giving and taking
' Voices, with all Circumftances of like Nature,
' as alfo their Salary, to be fettled by this prefent
' Parliament, in fuch Sort as the next Reprefenta-
* tive may be in a certain Capacity to meet with
4 Safety at the Time herein exprefled : And fuch
' Circumftances to be made more perfect by future
4 Reprefentatives.
II. * That 200 Members, and not lefs, fhall be
c efteemed a competent Reprefentative ; and the
* Major Voices prefent mail be conclufive. The
* Place of Seffion and Choice of a Speaker, with
* other Circumftances of that Nature, are referred
* to the Care of this and future Reprefentatives.
III.
t London, printed for Gyles Calvert, at the black fpread Eagle,
at the Weft End of Parts, and li«enfed by Gilbert Mattel, April 30,
1649,
H2 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Intrr-rcgnum. HI. « And to the end all public Officers may be
1649. t certainJy accountable, and no Factions made to
C"TJ>/7"""') * maintain corrupt Interefts, no Officer of any Sa-
« lary, Forces in Army or Garrifon, nor any Re-
' ceiver of public Money, (hall (while fuch) be
* elected a Member ; and if any Lawyer fhall be
' chofen, he fliall be incapable of Practice as a
* Lawyer, during the whole Time of that Truft.
IV. ' That no Member of the prefent Parlia-
* mcnt be capable of being elected of the next Re-
* prefentative, nor any Member of any future for
* the Reprefentative immediately fucceeding; but
* are free to be chofen, one Reprefentative having
' intervened : Nor any Member be made either
c Receiver, Treafurer, or other Officer during that
6 Employment.
V. * That, for avoiding the many Dangers ap-
' parently arifmg from the long Continuance of the
* lame Perfons in Authority, this prefent Parlia-
' ment (hall end the firft Wednefday in Augujl next,
* 1649 ; and, in the mean Time, fhall order the
' Election of a new and equal Reprefentative, to
' meet and fit in Power and Authority as fuch up-
' on the Day following.
VI. ' If the prefent Parliament fhall omit to
4 order fuch Election of a new Reprefentative, the
' People to proceed in electing thereof as formerly
' accuflomed in the Choice of Knights and Bur-
' gefies ; obferving only the Exceptions of fuch
' Perfons being Eledtor^ or Ele.6led, as are men-
' tioned before in the firft, third, and fourth Heads
' of this Agreement: It being moft unreafonable
' that the People fliould either be kept from new,
' frequent, and fuc'ceffive Reprefentatives ; or that
* the Supreme Authority fhould fall into the Hands
' of fuch as have manifefted Difafteclion to the
' common Freedom, and endeavour'd the Bondage
« of the Nation.
VII. ' And, for preferving the Supreme Autho-
4 rity from falling into the Hands of any whom the
' People fhall not chufe, that a new Reprefentative
* fhall be held upon the firft Tburfday in Augujl next
«• * afore-
Of E N G L A N D. 113
e fatd; the ordering of themfelves, as to the Choice Inter-regnum.
* of a Speaker, and the like Circumftances, is to
* be left to their Difcretion ; but, in the Extent ^^^^J
* and Exercife of Power, to follow the Rules of
c this Agreement; and, according to their beft
' Judgments^ to fet Rules for future equal Diftri-
* bution, and Election of Members as is herein ex-
* peered to be done by the prefent Parliament.
VIII. « And, for the Prefervation of the Su-
c preme Authority, in all Times, entirely in the
* Hands of fuch Perfons only as (hall be chofen
* thereunto, that the next, and all future Repre-
* fentatives, fhall continue in full Power for the
* Space of one whole Year ; and that the People
' mail of Courfe chufe a Parliament once every
* Year, fo as all the Members thereof may be in a
* Capacity to meet and take place of the foregoing
* Reprefentative, the firft Tburfday in every Auguft^
4 for ever : Alfo that the next or any future Re-
« prefentative, being met, mail continue their Sef-
' lion, Day by Day, without Intermiflion, for
« four .Months ; and after that mail be at Liberty
' to adjourn from two Months to two Months, as
' they mall fee Caufe, untill their Year be expired ;
* but mail fit no longer than a Year, upon Pain of
f Treafon to every Member that (hall exceed that
* Time; and, in Times of Adjournment, fhall not
* erect a Council of State, but refer the Managing
< of Affairs, in the Intervals, to a Committee of
' their own Members, giving fuch Inftruftions,
* and publishing them, as fhall in no Meafure
* contradict this Agreement.
IX. * And, that none henceforth may be igno-
4 rant or doubtful concerning the Power of the Su-
' preme Authority, and of the Affairs about which
* the fame is to be converfant and exercifed, that
* the Power of Reprefentatives fhall extend, with-
* out the Confent or Concurrence of any other
4 Perfon,
i/?, * To the Confervation of Peace and Com-
' merce with foreign Nations.
VOL. XIX, H 2,
H4 jfik Parliamentary HISTORY
Intcr-regnum. 2(Hyy ' To the Prefervation of thofe S^jjfguarcls
1649. < and Securities of our Lives, Limbs, K>erties,
*-— v— J < Properties, and Eftates, contained in the Petition
Jay< 4 of Right, made and enaded in the third Year of
* the late King.
3<#y, ' To the raifing of Monies, and generally
'to all Things as mall be evidently conducive to
4 thofe Ends, or to the Enlargement of our Free-
4 dom, Redrefs of Grievances, and Profperity of
4 the Commonwealth.
4 For Security whereof, having, by woeful Expe-
4 rience, found the Prevalence of corrupt Interefts
* powerfully inclining moft Men, once intruded
* with Authority, to pervert the fame to their own
4 Domination, and to the Prejudice of our Peace
' and Liberties, that it be further agreed,
X. ' That the faid Reprefentatives be not im-
4 powered to continue in Force, or to make any
' Laws, Oaths, or Covenants, whereby to com-
* pel, by Penalties or otherwife, any Perfon to any
* Thing in or about Matters of Faith, Religion,
c or God's Worfliip ; or to reftrain any Perfon
' from the Profeflion of his Faith, or Exercife of
4 Religion according to his Confcience ; nothing
4 having caufed more Diftraflions and Heart-burn*
6 ings in all Ages, than Perfecution for Matters of
' Confcience in and about Religion.
XI. 4 That the faid Reprefentatives be not im-
* powered to imprefs or conftrain any Perfon to
4 ferve in War, by Sea or Land, every Man's
4 Confcience being to be fatisfied in the Juftnefs of
4 that Caufe wherein he hazards his own Life or
* may deftroy another's.
4 And, for abolifhing all Enmity and Rancour
* as much as now poflible, that it be agreed,
XII. ' That, after the End of this prefent Par-
* fiament, no Perfon mall be queftioned for any
x Thinp liaH or done in reference to the late Wars,
* or public Differences, otherwife than in purfit-
* ance of the Determinations of the prefent Par-
c liament againft fueh as have adhered to the King
4 againft
Of E N G L A N D. 115
e againft the Liberties of the People ; and favin£
* that Accountants for public Money received fliafi
' remain accountable for the fame.
XIII. ' That all Exemptions of anyPerfons from
c the ordinary Courfe of legal Proceedings, by Vir-
' tue of any Tenure, Grant, Charter, Patent, De-
' gree, or Birth ; or of any Place of Refidence,
* Refuge, or Privilege of Parliament, (hall be
' henceforth void ; and the like not to be reviv'd
' again.
XIV. * That the Reprefentatives be not im-
c power'd to give Judgment upon any one's Per-
* fon or Eftate, where no Law hath before been
* provided ; nor to give Power to any other Court
* fo to do ; for where there is no Law there is no
' Tranfgreflion for Magiftrates to take Cognizance
* of: Neither to be impower'd to intermeddle with
' the Execution of any Law whatfoever.
' And, in order to remove all long fettled
i Grievances, and take away all Caufe of Com-
<r plaints, that the People may no longer depend
' upon the uncertain Inclination of Parliaments to
* remove them,
XV. < That it fhall not be in the Power of any
' Reprefentative to punifh, or caufe to be punifh'd,
' any Perfon for refufing to anfwer Queftions againft
* himfelf in criminal Cafes.
XVI. « That it fhall not be in their Power,
' after the End of the next Reprefentative, to con-
* tinue or conftitute any Proceedings in Law long-
« er than fix Months to the final Determination of
' any Caufe, and to be then paft all Appeal.
XVII. c That the Laws and the Proceedings
' therein fhall be in no other Language than Eng-
' lijh ; nor fhall any Perfon be hindered from plead-
' ing his own Caufe, or of making Ufe of whom
' he pleafes to plead for him.
* The reducing of thefe, and other the like Pro-
* vifions of this Nature, in this Agreement provi-
* ded, and which cannot now, in all Particulars,
' be perfected, is intended to be the proper Work
* of faithful Reprefentatives.
H 2 XVIII,
n6 TTtf Parliamentary HISTORY
Intsr-regmim. XVIII. « That it (hall not be in their Power to
1649. < continue or make any Laws to hinder any Per-
^•— v- *J c fon from trading into any Place beyond the Seas,
y< ' where any of this Nation are free to trade.
XIX. « That it fhall not be in their Power to
c continue Excife or Cuftoms upon any Sort of
* Food, or any Wares or Commodities, longer than
' four Months after the Beginning of the nextRe-
* prefentative ; being both of them extreme bur-
* denfome and oppreflive to Trade, and fo expen-
* five in the Receipt, as the Money expended there-
' in, if collected as Subfidies have been, would ex-
' tend very far towards defrayingthePublicCharges:
4 Nor (hall they raife Money by any other Ways,
c after the aforefaid Time, but only by an equal
c Rate in the Pound upon every Real arid Perfonal
4 Eftate in the Nation.
XX. ' That it fhall not be in- their Power to
' make or continue any Law, whereby Men's Real
4 or Perfonal Eftates, or any Part thereof, fhall be
e exempted from Payment of their Debts ; or to
* imprifon any Perfon for Debt of any Nature, it
' being both unchriftian in itfelf, and no Advantage
4 to the Creditors, and both a Reproach and Preju-
c dice to the Commonwealth.
XXI. « That it mail not be in their Power to
c make or continue any Law, for taking away any
4 Man's Life, except for Murder, or other like
* heinous Offences deftructive to human Society,
* or for endeavouring by Force to dcftroy this
4 Agreement : But fhall ufe their utmoft Endea-
* vour to appoint Punifhments equal to Offences ;
* nor fhall the Eftate of any capital Offender be
' confifcatc, but in Cafes of Treafon only ; and,
c in all other capital Offences, Recompence fhall
* be made to the Parties damnified, as well out of
4 the Eftate of the Malefaaor, as by Lofs of Life,
c according to the Conlcience of his Jury.
XXII. * That it fhall not be in their Power to
* continue or make any Law, to deprive any Per-
e fon, in cafe of Trials for Life, Limb, Liberty,
' or Eftate, from the Benefit of Witneffes in his
* Behalf ;
Of ENGLAND. 117
< Behalf; nor to deprive any Perfon of thofe Pri- Inter-regnum*
* vileges contain'd in the Petition of Right. l649-
XXIII. * That it fhalJ not be in their Power to ' *-— '
* continue the Grievance of Tythes longer than
* the End of the next Representative ; in which
' Time they fhall provide to give reafonable Satif-
' faction to all Impropriators : Neither {hall they
' force, by Penalties or otherwife, any Perfon to
* pay towards the Maintenance of any Miniftera,
' who, out of Conference, cannot fubmit there-
' unto.
XXIV. « That it fhall not be in their Power to
* impofe Miniflers upon any Parifh ; but fhaH s;ive
' free Liberty to the Parifhioners of every Parifh to
' chufe fuch as themfelves fhall approve ; and upon
' fuch Terms, and for fuch Reward as themfelves
' fhall be willing to contribute, or contract for.
' Provided none be Chufers but fuch as are capable
' of electing Reprefentatives.
XXV. c That it fhall not be in their Power to
6 continue or make a Law for any other Way of
* Judgments, or Conviction of Life, Limb, Liberty,
* or Eftate, bat only by twelve fworn Men of the
' Neighbourhood, to be chofen in fome free Way
* by the People, to be directed before the End of
* the next Reprefentative, and not pick'd Men.
XXVI. « They fhall not difable any Perfon
6 from bearing any Office in the Commonwealth,
4 for any Opinion or Practice in Religion, except-
' ing fuch as maintain the Pope's (or other foreign)
* Supremacy.
XXVII. < That it fhall not be in their Power
c to impofe any public Officer upon any Counties,
' Hundreds, Cities, Towns, or Boroughs ; but the
' People capable of chufing Reprefentatives, fhall
' chufe all their public Officers that are in any
c Kind to adminifter the Law for their refpective
' Places, for one whole Year, and no longer; and
* fo from Year to Year.
' And, that no Perfon may have juft Caufe to
4 complain, by reafon of taking away the Excife
4 and Cuftoms, that it; be agreed,
H 3
1 1 8 ¥he Parliamentary HISTORY
jRter-regnum. XXVIII. < That the next, and all future, Re-
1649. t prefentatives (hall exactly keep the Public Faith,
V"""T^~~<"^ ' and give full Satisfaction, for ail Securities, Debts,
' Arrears, or Damages, juftly chargeable out of
* the public Trealury ; and {hall confirm all juft
' public Purchafes and Contracts that have been,
* or {hall be made ; fave that the next Reprefen-
* tative may confirm or make null, in part or in.
' whole, all Gifts of Lands, Money, Offices, or
«• otherwife, made by the prefent Parliament, to
* any Member of the Houfe of Commons, or to
* any of the Lords, or to any of the Attendants of
' either of them.
' And forafmuch as nothing threateneth greater
c Danger to the Commonwealth, than that the
' Military Power ftiould by any Means come to
* be fuperior to the Civil Authority, that it be
* agreed,
XXIX. « That no Forces fliall be raifed but by
' the Reprefentatives for the Time being ; and, in
' raifing thereof, that they exactly obferve thefe
* Rules, namely, That they allot to each County,
c City, Town, and Borough, the raifing and pay-
' ing of a due Proportion, according to the whole
' Number to be levied ; and fliall, to the Electors
' of Reprefentatives in each refpeclive Place, give
* free Liberty to appoint all Officers appertaining
' to Regiments, Troops, and Companies, and to
* remove them as they fhall fee Caufe ; referving
' to the Reprefentative the appointing only of the
* General, and all General Officers, and the com-
* manding of them all upon what Service fhall
' feem to them neceffary for the Safety, Peace, and
* Freedom of the Commonwealth.
f And as it has been found by fad Experience,
* that generally Men make little Scruple of exceed-
* ing their Time and Power in Places of Truft, to
8 introduce an arbitrary and tyrannical Power,
' where there are no Penalties impofed for fuch de-
* ftru&ive Offences, that it be agreed,
XXX. « That it (hall not be in the Power of
( any Reprefentative in anywife to render up ot
« take
Of E N G L A N D. 119
c take away any Part of this Agreement, nor level Inter-regnum.
* Men's Eftates, deftroy Property, or make all :649-
* Things common: And if any Reprefentative (hall V~"7)/""""'""/
4 endeavour, as a Reprefentative, to deftroy this
' Agreement, every Member prefent in the Houfe,
4 not entering or immediately publifhing his Dif-
4 Tent, ihall incur the Pains due for High Treafon,
£ and be proceeded againft accordingly : And if any
* Perfon mail, by Force, endeavour or contrive the
' Detraction thereof, each Perfon fo doing fhall
4 likewife be dealt with as in Cafes of High Trea-
* fon : And if any Perfon mail, by Force of Arms,
' difturb Elections of Reprefentatives, he fhall in-
4 cur the Penalty of a Riot : And if any Perfon,
* not capable of being an Elector or Elected, fhall
* intrude himfelf among thofe that are, or any Per-
* fon fhall behave himfelf diforderly, fuch Perfon
* fhall be liable to a Prefentment by a Grand In-
* queft, and of an Indictment upon Mifdemeanor,
4 and be fined, or otherwife punifhed, accord-
* ing to the Difcretion and Verdict of a Jury.
' And all Laws made, or that fhall be made, con-
* trary to any Part of this Agreement, declared
4 null and void.'
To give the greater Countenance to the forego-
ing Agreement, the Day after its Publication,
May 2, two Petitions were prefented to the Houfe
in favour of the Authors of it ; the one from di-
vers Citizens of London^ and the other from the
County of EJJex ; but no Anfwer was given to ei-
ther of them.
May 3. This Day, according to Appointment, A Fail obfcrvcd-
was obferved as a Day of public Humiliation, to for the Succefs of
beg God's Bleffing upon Cromwell and his Army,
then going for Ireland ; when the Houfe heard
three Sermons as before. The Ordinance for
keeping a Monthly Faft, which had fubfifted all
the Time of the War till now, was repealed, and
occafional ones fubftituted in their Stead ; for which
this Reafon is affigned in the Aft, That fuch fet
Times
120 *The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. Times for extraordinary Duties of Worftiip are
1649- apt to degenerate into meer Formality and cuftom-
*— TV"""""' ary Obfervances ; and that it is more agreeable to
the Nature of fuch extraordinary Worfhip, and to
the approved and fuccefsful Examples of the People
of God in Scripture, to fet a-part fpecial Times
for fuch folemn Duties, according to the particu-
lar Occafions, to the end the fame might be ob-
ferved with greater Care and Attention.
After the foregoing Ac^ of Humiliation the
Houfe did nothing material for feveral Days toge-
ther ; for, having fwallowed up the Kingly Office,
and afiumed to themfelves the Legiflative Power
of the Lords, much private Bufmefs came before
them, which had no Reference to the Public. Yet
was not this Remnant of a Parliament, with their
Council of State, free from Fears ; many Parties
were now raifed againft them, wherein the Royal-
ifts had no Share, of which that of Col. John Lil-
bourne^ and his AfTociates before-mentioned, was
the moft formidable. The Reader may recoiled!
a Petition offered to the Houfc in their Favour on
the 1 8th of laft Month, in which the newly-affu-
med Power of the Commons was attack'd in fo fpi-
rited a Manner, as would have been more fevercly
punifh'd than by a Reprimand from the Speaker,
had they durft have done fo : But their Apprehen-
iions of raifmg a Tumult, which might have end-
, ed in their own Deftru&ion, prevented them at
this Time.
The Houfe under As an Inftance of their Fears and Jealoufies, out
great Apprehen-of their own Records : The Houfe having beea
*« informed that divers Perfons were then in Arms,
and committed Hoftilities againft the Parliament ;
on the nth of this Month they ordered a Letter,
fign'd by the Speaker, to be fent to the General
to acquaint him with it, and to defire he would
take efpecial Care therein.
Ordered alfo that Major-General Skippon do
take Care, that the Forces in the City of London .
and Suburbs, under his Command, be in Readi-
nefs for Service, for the Prefervation of the Peace
and
Of E N G L A N D. 121
and Safety of the Parliament and City, according inter- reg
to the Power already given him, and according to 1049-
fuch Directions as he ihall, from Time to Time, ^^f
receive from the Parliament and Council of State ; aj*
That the Committee of the Militia of London and
IVeftminfter do ac"t accordingly; and that the
Council of State do take Care that all the Forces
of the Parliament in and about London, &c. do join
for the Prefervation of their Peace and Safety.
This may be look'd upon as a fufficient Alarm
of approaching Danger, and yet no particular Par-
ty or Perfon is named for it, except one William
Thompfon ; againft whom, and againft all that fhould
join him, a Proclamation was ordered to be iflued,
declaring them Rebels and Traitors, and to be
proceeded againft accordingly. But Mr. Whitlocke
writes that they were a ftrong Body of the Army,
of the new levelling Principles, who had mutinied
on their being ordered for Ireland. And
May 12. The Matter appears plainer who were
the Parties concern'd in thefe Infurre£r.ions, by an
Order from the Houfe for a drifter Confinement
of their Principals ; for, in a Debate this Day, a
Queftion being put That Col. Lilbourne, Mr. fVil-
liam Walwyn, Mr. Thomas Prince, and Mr. Over-?
ton, be made clofe Prifoners in the Tower, and
kept from one another in feparate Lodgings, it
palled in the Affirmative without a Divifion. And
another Queftion being put, That the faid Prifoners
(hould have Maintenance allowed them during their
clofe Confinement, the Houfe divided upon it, when
the Noes were found to be 26, and the Yeas 195
fo it paired in the Negative.
Upon thefe fevere Refolutions of the Houfe, the
Author of one of the Diaries of thefe Times
makes this pertinent Remark r : ' This Treatment
is worfe than ever was exercifed by the late King,
or any of his Predeceflbrs, who always allowed
Prifoners, tho' committed for High Treafon, in
the Tower, a weekly Maintenance according to
t The Mtdcrate N°. 44.
122 The Parliamentary HISTORY
their Quality. Not only to commit Men clofc
Priioiu-rs, that neither Man, Woman or Child can
come to, or fpeak with them, (for that is clofe Im-
prilbnment) whereby they arc made incapable of
procuring Money, Cloaths, or Victuals, from
Friends or Kindred, other in. .11 what their mer-
cild's Keepers will pieafe to afford them ; but to
give them no Allowance at all to maintain them !
What it Tome of them have noEltates, their Friends
cannot be admitted to relieve them ; their Keepers
have nor wher-ewiihall ; mult they not confequently
perifh and Itarve in Prifon ? Could it ever be con-
ceived that Human Nature fhould produce fuch
Things ? Are thefe Principles fuitable with Grace
in thole that would be thought godly j"
This Appeal to the Public, which it is highly
probable was followed by more of the fame Im-
port, had fuch Effect, that, three Days after, the
Lieutenant of the Tower was ordered to take Care
, that Lilbcurne and his Fellow-Prifoners fhould have
necefiary Provifions.
An Act had been brought into the Houfe fome
Time fmce byCommifiary-General Ireton, intitled,
An Aft parted jln Aft for the more conjlant and. certain Supply of
F«cP<S!rtwg tf)C S°ti*ers w'lt^ Pa'J-> and tfje preventing of any
further Opprejjlor. and Damage to the People, bv free
^htarter and Billet , which was read a third Time
this Day, palled, and ordered to be printed and
publiftied forthwith.
May 14. This Day another Adi was read a
third Time and pafTed, An Att declaring what Of-
Another deda- fences foall be judged Treafon ; and that the Time
ring what Of- for profecutiiig Pcrfons for the fame Jhall be with-
fences /hall be jn one Year after the Offence committed. Ordered
lfon> that this A& be forthwith printed and publifhed.
Hereby it was enacled, ' That if any Perfon
fhall malicioufly publifli, by writing, printing, or
openly declaring, that the Government of the
People, by its own Reprefentatives or National
Meetings in Council, is tyrannical, ufurped, or
unlawful i
Of E N G L A N D. 123
.unlawful ; or that the Commons in Parliament af- Inter-regnunv
fembled arc not the Supreme Authority of this Na- l649-
tion ; or plot, contrive, or endeavour to raife Force '— T^""^1-^
againft the prefent Government, or Subverfion or
Alteration of the fame, and fhall declare the fame
by any open Deed : That if any Perfon {hall, ma-
licioufly and advifedly, plot and contrive, or en-
deavour, the Subverfion of the Keepers of the Li-
berty of England, or Council of State ; or move
any Perfon for doing thereof, or ftir up the
People to rife againft them, or either of them, or
their Authorities : And that if any Perfon, not be-
ing an Officer, Soldier, or Member of the Army,
fhall plot, contrive, or endeavour to ftir up Mu-
tiny in the Army under the Command of Thomas
Lord Fairfax ; or withdraw any Soldiers or Offi-
cers from their Obedience to their fuperior Offi-
cers, or from the prefent Government; or fhall
procure or alfift any Foreigners or Strangers to in-
vade England or Ireland; or adhere to any Forces
raifed by the Enemies of the Parliament, Com-
monwealth, or Keepers of the Liberty of England',
or fhall counterfeit the Great Seal of England, for
the Time being, ufed and appointed by the Au-
thority of Parliament ; every fuch Offence fhall be
deem'd High Treafon.'
On the 2d of this Month Dr. Doriflam, an Dr. Doriflaus,
Agent for the Parliament In Holland, having; been the Parliament's
affaffinated thereby fome defperate Royalffts, fo Agent, aflkffini-
T« L. f • j c 1. • v >AT ii tet* at the Hague.
Revenge, as they faid, for their King s Murder, he
having acled as Counfel againft his Majefty at his
Trial : This Day Sir Henry Vane reported to the
Houfe, from the Council of State, the Examina-
tions of the three Perfons, Servants to Dr. Dorif-
laus, who were prefent at his Death, and likewife
a Letter from Mr. Walter Strickland, dated from
the Hague, May ^T, about the fame. Thefe being
read, (which are not entered in the Journals) to-
gether with the Opinions of the Council of State,
touching the Difpofal of Dr. DoriJIaus's Body, his
Children and Servants, the Houfe ordered, That
200 /.
124 ytje PfirKawtKtery HISTORY
Inter- repnum. 200 /. per Ann. be fettled as a Penfion for Life on
l(i49- his Son; 5OO/, a-piece to be given to each of
<*"""^"""~"; his Daughters, and 250 /. for his Interment, to be
charged upon the Revenue. And that a Declara-
tion fhould be drawn, on Occafion of the Murder
of Dr. DoriJlauS) in order to be printed and pub-
lifhed, which was done accordingly in bac Verba :
ASC£"*i°n ' "\7£7'^ereaS Vaac Dorijlmes^ Doclor of the
"' 4 VV Laws, and one of the Judges of the
« High Court of Admiralty of this Commonwealth,
' was lately employ'd from the faid Commonwealth
* as their public Minifler, to be refident together
' with Walter Strickland, Efq; a Member of Par-
' liament, Refident there, with the High and Mish-
' ty Lords the States General of the United Pro-
' vinces, to whom he had Credentials and Inftruc-
* tions for maintaining a right Underftanding and
* good Correfpondency between the Nations, ac-
' cording to the antient Alliances and Treaties; and
* was, within a few Days after his Arrival there,
* notwithftanding his faid Public Character, barba-
' roufly and execrably murdered by armed Men,
' violently rufhing into his Lodging : *
The
g Mr. Wbitlaclc writes, That Dcrijlaus was murdered by twelve
f.f^i'jh Cavaliers, in Difguife, who ftabbed him in feveral Places,
and cut his Throat j and that one of them faid, Thus din one of the
Kir.gs Judges. Memorials, p. 386.
Lord Clarendon, who was then at the Hague, gives a more pir-
tlcular Account of this Matter: His Lordfhip informs us, ' That
Dr. Dcrijlaxs having taken up his Lodging at a Houfe where Stran-
gers ufed to repair till they could provide better f«r their own Ac-
commodation ; whilft he 'was at Supper, in Company with many
o'lii'r . who ufcd to cat theve, half a Dozen Gentlemen emer'd the
Room with their Swords drawn, and required thole who were at
Table vat to ftir ; for there ivas ao Harm intended to any but the
^gtr.t tubo came from :be Rc/xli in England, iuho lad neiply rr.ur-
der d their Kir g: And one of them, who knew Dcrijlaus, pull'd
him from the Table, and kkll'd him at his Feet ; and thereupon
ti>ey all put up their Swords, and waJk'd leilnrely out of the Houfc,
Jeaving thofe who were in the Room in much Amazement and Con-
flernation. Tho' all who were engaged in the Enterprize went
fluietly away, and fo out of the Town, infomuch as no one of them
\vas ever apprehended, or Cdll'd in Qu_eftion, yet they kept not their
OVR Co;in(el fo \vcll (believing they had done a very heroic Ac\)
Of E N G L A N D. 125
* The Parliament of England have thought fit to Inter-regnum,
1 declare, That they have a very tender Senfe and
* Refentment of the faid barbarous Murder of the **^^~~^
4 laid Dr. Doriflaus^ their Refident, and of the
* Affront and Dishonour that is thereby done to
c this Commonwealth : And altho' the particular
* Inftrumente and Actors of this execrable Wick-
* ednefs are not yet clearly known, which the faid
c Parliament doubt not but the Divine Juftice will
' in Time difcover and bring to a juft and a due
* Punifhment; yet it is iufficiently manifeft, by their
* previous Threatenings, to have proceeded from
' that Party from whom all the Troubles of this
' Nation have formerly fprung; who, being Slaves
c to that Tyranny from which this Commonwealth
* hath happily (through the Bleffing of God) vin-
' dicated themfelves, ceafe not to profecute all
' thofe Counfels that Hell can fuggeft for the Re-
( eftablifhment of it ; wbofe Ways of Force the
* Parliament doubts not but God will enable them
c to refift, if that Enemy fhall again, after a double
' Conqueft, attempt upon the Peace and Liberty
c of this Commonwealth. And the better to deter
' them from thefe abominable Villainies of Mur-
* der and Aflaffination, they do hereby declare,
' That they {hall not fuffer an Aft of fuch Inhu-
' manity and hateful Impiety to pafs without a fig-
* nalMark of their juft Refentment 5 but fhall there -
' fore efteem themfelves called upon hereby to
£ bring to due Punifhment thofe of the Enemy's
* Party, not being admitted to compound, whofe
' Crimes and Treafons have long iince forfeited
€ their Lives to the Juftice of the Laws, whom the
* Parliament might otherwife have been induced to
* give Pardon unto, had they not feen that Party,
' fo Savage-like, thirfting after Blood.
'And
but that it was generally known they were all Scotfmen, and moft of
them Servants or Dependents of the Marquis of Montrofe.'
*#«•;•, Vol. V. p. 293.
The States General offered a Reward of 1000 Guilders for ap-
prehending the Aflaflins, declaring it to be Death for any to har-
bour them.
126 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
4 And the faid Parliament do further declare,
4 That if the Enemy fhall go on to perpetrate, or
' endeavour, any fuch horrible execrable Villanies,
* whereby either Life or Member of any Perfon
' faithful to the Intereft of the Commonwealth fhall
' be endangered, that they will, by the Execution
* of Juftice upon fuch Members of that Party, as,
' not being admitted to compound, are at their
' Mercy, and might otherwife have enjoyed it,
* make them find that Courfe to be of Diladvan-
* tage to them.'
In our Account of the Tranfaclions of March
laft, we took Notice of the Proceedings of the
High Court of Juftice againft the Duke of Hamil-
Lord Goring, and ton^ tne £arl of Holland, Lord Capel, Lord Go-
bers,pardon'dv.^ and Sir John Owen. The three firft foon
after loft their Heads on the Scaffold. The two
laft were reprieved ; and, on the yth of this Month,
upon a Petition from them to the Houfe, it was
ordered That they {hould be pardoned as to their
Lives, and be forthwith fet at Liberty j as were
alfo Major-General Langbarne and Col. Powell^
who had been condemned by a Court-Martial. —
Very luckily for thefe Gentlemen, this Vote of
Mercy was pafs'd before the Parliament received
Advice of Dorijlaus's Aflaffination ; otherwife it is
highly probable, from the Tenor of the foregoing
Declaration, that their Lives would have been
offered up as a Sacrifice to his Manes.
May 15. This Day the Houfe, according to for-
mer Order, was refolved into a grand Commit-
tee, Serjeant Thorpe in the Chair, to debate on the
putting a Period to the fitting of the prefent Par-
liament. We may fuppofe that this Debate took
up the whole Day, for no ether Bufinefs elfe
is entered to be done on it b. After the Houfe
was refumed, it was refolved, That, in order
to the declaring a certain Time for putting a Pe-
riod
b IFbitlickt fays it lafted divers Hours.
Of ENGLAND. 127
riod to the Sitting of this Parliament, the Houte Inter-regnum.
was of Opinion, That, in the firft Place, Confi- l649-
deration be had of the ftating of the Succeflion ' M^f!"""""'
of future Parliaments, and of the regulating of
their Elections j and a Committee was ordered ac-
cordingly.
For feveral Days after the laft the Houfe did An Aft parted
nothing extraordinary. On the igth they read^6^1^
and pafs'd an Act, declaring and conftituting theweauh.
People of England to be a Commonwealth, and
a Free State ; to be henceforth govern'd as fuch by
the Supreme Authority of the Nation, the Repre-
fentatives of the People in Parliament, and by fuch
Officers as they {hall appoint, without any King
or Houfe of Lords ; and ordered it to be forthwith
printed and publifned.
The Houfe having alfo received Advice that the
late Infurgents, now diftinguimed by the Name
of Levellers, were routed, their Leader, William
Thompfon, flam, and many of them in Prifon at
Oxford and Northampton ; they ordered Commif-
fions of Oyer and Terminer to be fent down to thofe
Places to try them, alfo a Proclamation into
feveral Counties, for apprehending all thofe who
had fled from the Lord General Fairfax.
This Victory was look'd upon to be fo confi-AThankfglvmg-
derable, that, on May the 26th, the Houfe order- Pay appointed
ed the Speaker to give hearty Thanks to the G^SfiSSSf"
neral, the Lieutenant-General, and the reft of the the Levellers.
Officers of the Army, for their great Service done
to the Commonwealth, in the laft Expedition :
And that the yth of 'June be fet apart as a Day of
Thankfgiving to Almighty God for his great Mer-
cy vouchfafed to this whole Commonwealth, by
the Succefs he had given to the Parliament's Forces,
in timely fupprefling the late Infurreclion and Re-
bellion, and delivering the Parliament and Nation .
from the dangerous and fad Eft'e&s which the fame
did threaten : Likewife that an Act Ihould be pre-
pared,
1 2 8 The Parliamentary Hi s T o R v
Inter-regnum. pared, declaring the Grounds and Reafons for ap-
pointing the faid Day of public Thanlcfgiving.
May 31. The Houfe accepted of an Invitation
from the Lord Mayor and Citizens, to dine with
them on the Thankfgiving Day at Grocers-Hall,
after the Sermons were ended.
Cenfure parted This Day Alderman Pennington, a Member of
upon two Alder- the Houfc of Commons, made a Report, from the
men of London, T j A » IAII , \ • r»
for rei'ufmg to -Lord iAdayor and Aldermen, of their Proceedings
proclaim the Aft in proclaiming the Act for abolishing of Kingly
againft Mor.ar- Government, which the late Lord Mayor had re-
fufed to do. That the prefent Lord Mayor (An-
drews) and fifteen Aldermen had proclaimed it ;
that Sir Thomas Scames and Alderman Chambers
were abfent, and two others were out of Town j
on which the Houfe ordered that the two laft-
named Aldermen mould be fent for, to anfwer for
their Offence in not yielding Obedience to the Or-
dej of the Houfe. Accordingly,
On the firft of June^ both the faid Aldermen
appeared at the Bax of the Houfe, when Sir Thomas
SoameS) being afk'd Whether he was not acquaint-
ed with the Order of the Houfe, whereby the Al-
dermen of the City were to attend the Lord Mayor
and Sheriffs, at the proclaiming the abovefaid Acl?
he anfwered, That he had Notice of it from the
Lord Mayor, and acknowledged he was not pre-
fent ; the Reafon of which was, that it was againil
his Conference, becaufe it was contrary to many
Oaths he had taken. Alderman Chambers urged
the fame Excufe, by Reafon that his Heart went
not along with the Work: Hereupon the Houfe
refolved to difable Sir Thcmas Soames from being a
Member of the prefent Parliament ; .and difchar-
ged both of them from being Aldermen of the Ci-
ty of London^ and from bearing any Oftce of Truft
in the Commonwealth.
The fame Day the Commons appointed the fol-
lowing Lawyers to be Judges of the refpecrive
Courts
Of ENGLAND. 129
Courts in IVeftminJler-Hall, in the room of thofe Inter-regnum.
fix mentioned before, who had refufed t» act after l649-
the Death of the King, viz. Serjeant Nicholas, and *— -V— ^
Richard Afee, £fq; in the Upper-Bench, Serjeant •'unet
Pule/ion, and Peter Warburton, Efq; in the Com-
mon-Pleas ; Serjeant Thorpe, and Alexander Rig- *™™J"&-
by, Efq; in the Exchequer. And, in order to qua-
lify the three Barifters for their new Dignity, they
were order'd to be call'd to the Degree of Serjeants
at Law, by the Lords Commiifioners of the Great
Seal.
Nothing occurs for fome more Days after theThe Parliament
laft, except that, the Day before theThankfgiving-ent«tain'd> at
Day, June 6, a new Mace was brought into *$£
Houfe, ornamented with Flowers inftead of the
Crofs, and a Ball on the Top ; with the Arms of
England and Ireland inftead of the late King's : This
was not only approv'd of and ordered to be carried
before the Speaker for the future, but all other
Maces, throughout the Nation, were required to be
made according to the fame Form and Pattern f.
The Houfe alfo made an Order, That the Lord
Mayor of London, on his Reception of the Speaker
andMembers of Parliament atDinner,the nextDay,
fhould deliver the Sword, ufually borne before the
Lord Mayor, into the Hands of the Speaker ; and
that he (hould, thereupon, re-deliver the Sword to
the Lord Mayor. This Ceremony, never done be-
fore to any but the Kings of England, from whom
they received that Sword, was performed at Grt-
cers-Hall.
Mr. Wbitlocke gives the following Account of the
Ceremonial obferved at Dinner g : ' The Speaker
fat firft, next to him the Lord Mayor, and then
the Lord-General. The Earl of Pembroke calling
to Wbitlocke to fit down, being the antient Com-
miffioner of the Great Seal, he defired his Lojd-
fhip would be pleafed firft to fit down, and then
VOL. XIX. I he
f The Form of the new Mace, prefer Jbed by an Order of the 13*
of April, 1 649, is eras'd in the Journals. The Defcription of it
here given is taken from the Moderate, N°, 48*
8 Mimorialt, p, 392.
130 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Intcr-regmim. he would fit by him. With that the Earl fpokc
*649- aloud, (as he ufed to do) that all near him might
V-'v—""' hear, IPlwt, do you think that I will fit down be-
jnC' fere you ? I have given Place heretofore to Bifoop
Williams, to ?ny Lord Coventry, and my Lord Lit-
tleton ; and you have the fame Place that they had ;
and as much Honour belongs to the Place under a Com-
monwealth, as under a King j and you are a Gen-
tleman as well born and bred as any of them ; there-
fore I will not fit down before you. With this Ear-
neftnefs he caufed Wlntlocke to fit down before
him, and fat himfelf the next to him ; the Lord
President of the Council, the other Commiflioner?;
of the Great Seal, alfo the Earl of Salisbury and
the Lord Howard^ fat next to the Earl of Pem-
broke ; and, after them, Lieutenant-General Crom-
ivell) and other Members of Parliament, and of
the Council of State.'
Upon this Occafion fome of the Aldermen and
Common Council, in the Name of the City,
prefented to the Lord-General Fairfax a large,
weighty Bafon and Ewer of beaten Gold ; and
to Lieutenant-General Crojnwell a Service of
Plate of the Value of 300 /. and 200 Broad-Pieces
of Gold, as a Teftimony of the City's good Af-
fections.
How acceptable all this was to the Parliament,
appears by the following Vote pafs'd the Day af-
ter the Entertainment, viz.
Refolved, f That this Houfe cloth take in very
good'Part the great Refped fhewn Yefterday, by
the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common-Coun-
cil, to the Speaker and Members of this Houfc ;
and that the hearty Thanks of the Houfe be given
to them for it ; thofe Members who were Alder-
men were ordered to do this. A Committee was
alfo named to confider of fome Mark of Favour and
RefpecT: to be done, by the Houfe, to the City of
London.
June 8. The Houfe pafs'd an Aft for the better
Maintenance of preaching MiniJIen, and ether pi-
Of ENGLAND. 131
ous Ufes. The Preamble to whi£h fets forth, ( That Intcr-regnnm.
it hath been found by long Experience, that the l649-
Government of the Church of England by Arch- ^— ~ v— — '
bifhops, Bifhops, their Chancellors and Commif- Junc'
faries. Deans, Deans and Chapters, Archdeacons,
and other Officers depending on that Hierarchy, An A&. for bet-
hath been a great Impediment to the perfect Re-^r Mjin'enance
formation and Growth of Religion, and very pre-cicrey *
judicial to the Civil State and Government of the
Commonwealth ; and therefore hath been, by Au-
thority of Parliament, abolifhed, and all their Ma-
nors, Lands, &c. (excepting all Tythes appropri-
ate, Oblations, Obventions, Portions of Tythes
appropriate, belonging to the faid Archbifhops, Bi-
fhops, Deans, Deans and Chapters, and others of
the faid Hierarchy) appointed to be fold for Pay-
ment of the juft Debts of the Commonwealth, and
other neceflary Charges occafioned by the late Ci-
vil War, promoted mainly by, and in favour of,
the faid Hierarchy.'
Then it proceeds to enact, ' That all fuch
Tythes appropriate, &c. and alfo the Firft Fruits
and Tenths, formerly payable to the Crown, (hall
be vefted in Truftees ; who were thereout to pay all
fuch Salaries as had been before appointed to preach-
ing Minifters or Schoolmafters in England or
Wales) untill the Parliament ftiould otherwife or-
der:
' That i8,ooo/. per Annum, out of the faid
Firft Fruits and Tenths, be employed for the above
Purpofes, untill that Sum could be raifed out of
the Improvement of Tythes belonging to Bifhops,
Deans and Chapters, &c, and alfo that 2000 /.
per Annum more be employed for the Increafe of
Mafterfhips of Colleges in both Univerfities, where
Maintenance was not fufficient :
4 That the Receivers of the Public Revenues
ihould collect the Firft Fruits and Tenths in their
refpeclive Counties, and pay the fame into the Ex-
chequer ; and that if thefe were not fufficient to
make up 20,000 /. per Annum for the Purpofes
I 2 aforefcid,
132 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
jatcr-regnum. aforefaid, that the Deficiency fhould be made good
1649. out of fome other Part of the Public Revenues :
^•*— v~ — ' ' That after the Expiration of the feveral Leafes
June. Of tke f^ Xythes, tjf& fuch Quantities thereof
fhould be given to the Incumbent of each Church
or Chapel, as, with his prefent Tythes, fliould
make up 100 /. per Annum ; and where the Tythes
fo to be annexed fhould not be fufficient for that
Purpofe, fuch Proportion of the Overplus of other
appropriate Tythes, &c. fhould be applied to make
good the Deficiency.
' The Commiffioncrs of the Great Seal were
required to iflue forth Commiflions into all the
Counties in England and Wales^ to fuch Perfons
as fliould be appointed by Parliament ; impower-
ing them, by all lawful Means, to find out the true
annual Value of all Ecclefiaftical Livings, and to
make their Return into the Chancery, with the
Names of the Incumbents, what each had for his
Salary, how many Chapels belonged to one Pa-
rifh, how fituated, which of them fit to be united,
and how the Churches and Chapels were fupplied
with preaching Minifters, in order to a better
Provifion for the Parochial Clergy.'
But out of a fpecial Regard to their Speaker,
William Lenthall^ Efq; it was provided, c That this
Act fhould not extend to the Rectory of Burford,
in Oxford/hire, and Glebe Lands fettled on him
and his Heirs.'
June i i. An Adjournment of the Houfe being
propofed for fome Time, it was referred to the
Council of State to prepare and prefent to them
fuch Things as were neceirary and fit to be confi-
dered of, and pafled there, before an Adjournment;
and to report their Opinion, with all Speed, to the
Houfe.
i
June 12. A Report was made to the Houfe of
an Eftimate of the Charge of the Summer's and
Winter's Guard at Sea, with the Number of Men
employed
€f E N G L A N D. 133
employed for them ; which will give fome Idea of Inter-regnum.
the different State of Naval Affairs in thefe Times *^49-
and our own. *"""TV"1 "™*
CY £ £ June.
June 6, 1649.
^ESTIMATE of the whole Charge and Expence o/E{t[m^es of the
the Navy, for one whole Tear, and fo from Tear to annual Charge of
Tear, for every Tear, fo long as the Service Jhall^^**?'
necejjarily require fo great Fleets for the Summer
and Winter Guards,
I. s. d.
FOR 6000 Men, for the Sum- ) x-c
mer's Guard, for eight Months \ IC
For 3000 Men, for the Winter's \
Guard, fix Months f 7500O o O
For the ordinary Charge of Chat-~}
ham, Deptford, Woolwich, and i
Portfmouth, in Viftuals, Wages, ( 30000 o o
and Stores, for ordinary Repairs J
For the Charge of building three >
new Frigates } 10000 o o
Total 283000 o o
June 9, 1649.
An ESTIMATE of the Charge in fetting forth to
Sea, in warlike Manner, for fix Months Service,
fo many of the State's Ships and Pinnaces as Jhall
be mann'd with 3000 Ment for this enfuin?
Winter's Guard.
3R grounding, graving, and")
fitting fo many Ships as fhall \
e mann'd with 3000 Men, in )> 2700 0 O
their Carpentry, joined and painted
Works
For Price of 300 Tons of Cord-'
age, for Rigging, Ground-Tackle, .
and Sea Stores for the faid Ships! \ 9°°° ° °
at 30 /. per Ton J
For petty Provifions for Boat- ?
fwain and Carpenters Stores $ 20C
Carried over 13700 o o
I 3 For
134 ffje Parliamentary H i s T o R Y"
I. s. d.
Brought over '13700 o o
Inter-rcgnum. For Anchors, Boats, and Sails ? 2rOO 0 o
1649- for the faid Ships j
>• — v—- ' For Preft and Conduct- Money^
unc< for 2OOO Men, viz. 1200 Men in I
and about London, at 4;. each, and )> 720 O O
800 Men in remote Parts, at 12 s. j
each, Prefting Charges included j
For Harbour Victuals for 800 l
Men, for 42 Days, at 8^. ob. per V 1190 o o
Diem 3
For Harbour Wages for the faid l
Men, the fame Time, at 25 i. each V 1400 o O
per Menfem 3
For Sea Viauals for the faid 1
Men, for fix Months Service, at *> 21000 o O
10^. each per Menfem j
For Sea Wages for the faid 3000 1
Men, for the aforefaid Time, > 22500 o O
at 25*. a Man per Menfem 3
For Land and Water Carnage ~|
of Provifions from London to Dept- (
ford, Chatham, Woolwich, and f -*
Portjmouth, per Eftimate J
' For ordinary and extraordinary ) Q
Pilotage in and out, /w Eftimate J
For 2500 Tons of Ballaft, at 1 Q Q
!2d.perTon )
For phyfical Drugs and Medica- 1
ments for Surgeons Chefts, as the > 150 o o
State's free Gift 3
For extraordinary Entertainment"!
of Admirals, Vice-Admirals, and ( 1022 O o
Rear- Admirals, on the Coaft off
England and Ireland
For Travelling-Charges to fit "I
the Ships to Sea, and to make Pay (
to the Ships Companies, al the End I
of the Service J
Carried over 66467 o o
For
Of E N G L A N D. 135
/. S. d. Inter- regnum,
Brought over 66467 o O
For Conduit-Money, in Dif- ~\^
charge of 2000 Men j viz. 1200 at > 1080 o o
4J. and 800 at IQJ. each j
For Powder, Shot, and all Sorts T
of Munition for fitting to Sea fo V 7500 o o
many Ships as fhall carry 3000 Men J - •
Total 75047 o O
June 13. The Care of the late King's Children
had been committed to the Countefs of Leicefter^
by the Houfe, and they had received a Letter from votes for redu-
this Lady, defiring fome Regulations as to her cing the Honours
Condua to them : On which the Houfe this Day ?bferv>d t(> the
voted, « That the late King's Children fhould fit^n,
with the Earl and Countefs of Lelcejler^ at their
Table, as Part of their Family, and not otherwife:
And that the faid Earl and Countefs do take Care
that no other Obfervance or Ceremony be ufed to
thofe Children, than to Noblemen's Children of
this Nation.
'June 14. Very little done in the Houfe this Day,
the Speaker, with all the Members of the Council
of State attending the Funeral of Dr. DorlJIaus,
who was buried, with much Ceremony, at Wejl-
minfler.
Whilft the Houfe was reducing the Eftate of the
Remains of the unhappy Royal Family, as before
obferv'd, they took Care to aggrandize that of their
Friends and Fellow-Labourers in the great V/"orkFor rewarding
of overturning the Conftitution. Serjeant Brad- >
flaw, who fat as Prefident in the High Court of
Juftice, at the Trial of the King, merited their
higheft Regard for that important Service : Accord-
ingly he was made Lord Prefident a of the new Coun-
cil
a A Motion made on the I4th of February laft, for appointing a
Lord Prefident of the Council of State, was then over-ruled 5 ba»
afterwards agreed to,
136 The Parliamentary HISTORY
cil of State ; and this Day, June 19, the Houfe vo-
ted 2COO/. per Ann. b to be fettled on him and his
"""*"""""' Heirs; and iooo/. to be forthwith paid him, to--
wards his Charges expended in the Service of the
State. Soon atter he was made Attorney-Gene-
ral of the Commonwealth, for the Counties of Che-
Jler^ Flint, Denbigh, and Montgomery, and Chan-
cellor of the Duchy of Lancafter. Large Grants of
Lands and Sums of Money were alfo voted to
Members of the Houfe, and others, out of Crown
andDeans and Chapters Lands, forfeited Eftates,y f .
many Inftances of which now frequently occur in
the Journals.
.1. » June 22- A Report from the Council of State
r or tne Recovery •/ . _^ . i • i T T /• • » • i
of Ireland, was this Day heard m the Houfe; in which was in-
cluded a Commiflion, conftituting Lieutenant-Ge-
neral Cromwell, Commander in Chief over the
Forces in Ireland, and Governor-General of Ire-
land. This being read, in Latin and Englijb, the
Houfe voted, * That the Civil and Military Power
in Ireland {hall be, for the prefent, conjoined in
one Perfon ; and that the Time of the Continu-
ance of this Commiflion fhall be for three Years.
Inftrudlions for this Commander were ordered to
be prepared by the Council of State, and reported
to the Houfe with all Speed.
This Day, alfo, another Report was made from
the Council of State, of their Opinion what
Things were neceflary to be confidered on before
the Recefs of Parliament. Which of thefe were
pafs'd into Acts may be feen by the Titles of them
in ScobelPs Collections. The moft material of them
we have already given Abfhac~ts of in the Proceed-
ings of this Month.
And for Difpofal 'July. The Houfe having before difpofed of the
Land? ClownPerf°nal Eftates of the late King and his Family,
went next upon the Difpofal of the Caftles, Houfes,
Manors, Parks, &c. belonging to the Crown.
Amongft,
1> Mr. initiate write?, 4000 /, fcr Annum \ but the Jeurnalt
ttake it no more than 2000 /,
Of E N G L A N D. 137
Amongft thefe the Council of State referred it to the Inter-rcgnum.
Parliament, that the following fhould not be fold,
but kept for the public Ufe of the Commonwealth, ^^Tf""*^ •
viz. Whitehall -Houfe, Weftminfter - Palace, St. J *
James's Park, St. James's Houfe, Somerfet-Houfe^
Hampton-Court and the Houfe-Park, Theobalds
and the Park, Windfor and the little Park next
the Houfe, Greenwich-Houfe and Park and Caftle,
and Hyde-Park. Alfo that the new Park at Rich-
mond, in Surrey, be fettled upon the City of Lon-
don, as an Act: of Favour from the Houfe, for the
Ufe of the City and their Succeflbrs. This Pro-
pofal from the Council of State was confirm'd by
a Refolution of Parliament.
July 2. This Day a Letter, fubfcribed by the
Lord London, Chancellor and Prefident of the Par-
liament of Scotland, dated at Edinburgh, June 26,
1649, was read. After which it was ordered to
be referred to the Council of State, to confider
how the Demands formerly made by the Parlia-
ment of Scotland, may be profecuted, and this Par-
liament, with their Proceedings, vindicated from
the Afperfions in this Letter. The Council ha-
ving delivered in their Opinion two Days after, the
Houfe voted, ' That the faid Letter was of fuch a
Nature as laid an Incapacity of proiecuting the for-
mer Demands by way of Treaty.' And the Coun -
cil of State were ordered to draw up a Declaration
to that Purpofe, and prefent it to the Houfe.
July 14. The faid Declaration being perfected,
was this Day prefented to the Houfe, and read
once ; and the Queftion being put, Whetuer to
read it a fecond Time ? the Houfe divided, Yeas 25,
Noes 1 3 ; on which it was read again, pafled on
that Reading, and ordered to be forthwith printed
and publifhed.
This Declaration, which is very fingular in its
Kind, and recapitulates the whole Difpute which
had juft before happened between the two King-
doms, not being printed in the Journal^ or elfe-
July.
1 3 8 The Parliamentary Hi s T OR y
Inter-regnum. where that we know of, we fhall give from the
1649. Edition of the Times a : And, in order to illuftrate
the Matter thereof, prefix fome Papers b that had
pafled between the Parliaments of both Kingdoms,
which were purpofely omitted under their refpcC-
tive Dates, as coming more properly together, at
one View, in this Place.
A Se"h-S h°f F-M ^ may be rememt>ered tnat on the 24th °f Ff-
betweciTthe Far- bnictry laft, the Scots Commiflioners refiding in
Jiaments of Eng- London, prcfented a Paper to the Parliament,
land t"d ir n0t" wh'ch Save fucn Offence, that they ordered thofe
thelatrProcee^-Commiffioncrs to be apprehended, fcfc. Hereupon
ings againii the the Parliament of Scotland fent the following Re-
King, &c. jnonftrance, addrefs'd thus, To William Lenthall,
Efq~, Speaker of the Commons Houfe at Weftmin-
fter, which was read on the I4th of Marcb^ and
referred to the Confideration of the Council of
State : '
SIR, Edinburgh, March 6, 1649.
Aving feen a Paper of the 24th of Febru-
ary laft, given in to you by our Commif-
lioners, with a printed Paper thereupon of the
26th of February^ intitled, A Declaration of the
Parliament of England, declaring the aforefaid
Paper, given in by our Commiffioners, to con-
tain reproachful Matter againft the Proceedings
of the Parliament of England, and affuming Power
over' the Laws and Government of that Nation,
with a Defign to raife Sedition, and lay the
Grounds of a new War in that Land ; and fur-
ther ordering a Meflage to be fent to us, to know
whether we will own the fa'id Paper prefented in
our Names : And hearing that our Commiffion-
ers (being, by Command from us, upon their
Return from that Kingdom) are reftrained, and
a Guard fet upon them, we could not be fo far
wanting in that Duty we owe to this Kingdom,
and the Care and Regard which, in Juftice and
Honour, we ought to have of the Safety and
* Free-
a Printed by Edward Hujbands.
h Printed for MMbcio Simians, in dlderfgate-Jlrect,
Of E N G L A N D. 139
e Freedom of thofe employed in fo public a Truft, Inter-rcgnum.
' as not to take fpecial Notice of their Condition l649'
' and hard Ufage ; and have therefore refolved and Tv~
' thought fit to iignify to you, that we do own that
' Paper given in by our Commiffioncrs, as agree-
* able to the Inftructions which they had from us;
' wherein we, and they in our Names, could not
* but give a Teftimony againft thofe Things which
' we conceive to be contrary to the Grounds and
* Bands fo often declared, and acknowledged by
' both Kingdoms ; left our Silence be efteemed a
* Compliance, or we thought anywife acceflary to
' thefe great Alterations, and the dangerous Con-
' fequences which may enfue thereupon.
* And as our Proteftation, in the laft Seflion of
* Parliament, againft the laft unlawful Engage-
' ment ; our Act of this Parliament, declining and
* repealing the fame, and every Thing done in
' Purfuance thereof; and our whole Proceedings,
' before and fince, are fufficientand real Evidences
' of our fincere Defires and conftant Refolutions
' to continue Union and Peace between the King-
* doms, according to the Covenant and Treaties :
* So it is very far from our Intentions to affumc
* any Power over the Laws and Government
' of England^ or any way to raife Sedition, or lay
* the Grounds of a new War, or do any Thing,
' in purfuance of the late unlawful Engagement;
' which can no way be inferred from the laid Paper,
* containing only our Adherence to our former
' Principles acknowledged by both Kingdoms, and
' it being given in to you to be communicated in
< the ordinary Way.
« We are fo tender of the Union between the
' Nations, that we think the remonftrating of the
* Breach of Peace, the craving of juft Reparations,
* and ufmg all amicable and fair Means, fhould be
' firft eflay'd before any Engagement in a War ;
6 which even then cannot be done by either King-
' dom, without a Breach of the Large Treaty, un-
* lefs it.be upon three Months Warning preceed-
' inS 5 upon which, among other Grounds and
« Rca-
140 The Parliamentary HISTORY
. ' Reafbns, we did proteft and declare againft the
* late Engagement ; and do confidently expe6t the
J *• like from England, according to the Papers given
' in by their Commiffioners to the preceeding Sef-
' fion or Parliament : And however any prevalent
* Party in either Kingdom hath infringed, or may
4 break thefe Bonds, yet we do not conceive it ei-
' ther agreeable to God's Will, or conducible to
' the Welfare of thefe Nations, to lay thefe facred
' Ties afide as diffoiv'd and cancell'd ; but rather
' that they (houid be prelerv'd for the Good of
' both Kingdoms, and Benefit of thofe who have
* no Acceffion to fuch Breaches, and of fucceedi^g
* Generations, who are innocent thereof, and may
' fuftain manifold Inconveniences by Diiiolution of
4 the fame.
' Having thus cleared our Intentions and Refo-
' lutions, we hope none can juftly blame this Na-
* tion for continuing conftant to their' former En-
* gagement and Principles, which the Honourable
* Houfes of the Parliament of England profefled
' alfo to be theirs, when they induced this King-
e dom to enter into Solemn League and Covenant
' with them ; far lefs can it be any Ground at all
' for the reftraining our Commiffioners contrary to
* the public Faith and Law of Nations, by which
' the Freedom of AmbafFadors and Commiffioners
* is facred and inviolable, not only betwixt Chri-
* ftians but even amongft Heathen Kingdoms and
< States ; and therefore we defire that our Com-
* miflioners may be free from all Reftraint, that
* they may, without any Stop or Moleftation, re-
* turn in what Way they think moft fit, to give us
' an Account of their Proceedings. In Confidence
' whereof we remain
Tour affeftionate Friends,
LOU DON, Cancettarius,
Pnzfes Parliament*
To this Remonftrance the Houfe gave no An-
fwer; but, in May following, ordered their Speaker
to
Of E N G L A N D. 141
to write a Letter to the Parliament of Scotland >
which was in heec V-erba :
Wefomnfttr, May 23, 1649.
My Lords and Gentlemen,
c T Am commanded by the Parliament of Eng-
4 \_ land to defire your Lordmip to acquaint the
4 Parliament of Scotland, that they have many
4 Things of juft Refentment, on the Behalf of this
4 Nation and Commonwealth, to make known,
4 and demand Satisfaction in, from the Parliament
4 and People of Scotland, the Particulars whereof
s they think not needful to mention at this Time,
4 being Things fo generally known and frefh in
4 Memory : And being defirous, in the firft Place,
4 to endeavour for Satisfaction in a peaceable Way,
4 they do therefore propound, That CommifEoners,
4 on the Behalf of each Nation refpedtively, may,
4 be appointed to meet in fome fitting and conve-
4 nient Place, mutually to be agreed upon, with
4 what convenient Speed may be; unto which
4 Meeting Commiffioners (hall be fent, fully au-
4 thorized, from the Parliament of England, and
4 on the Behalf of this Commonwealth, with In-
4 ftructions to make known the Particulars which
4 they have to complain of; wherein if they fliall
4 receive Satisfaction, the Parliament of England
4 are willing, and their Commiffioners fhall befur-
4 ther authorized and inftructed to treat and con-
4 elude a firm and ftrict League of Amity and
4 Friendfliip between the two Nations ; by Means
4 whereof, if it be the Will of God, thefe Nations
* may be preferved in a lafting Peace and happy
4 Enjoyment of Religion in its Purity, together
4 with their Civil Liberties, notwithftanding the
4 many wicked Defigns that are on Foot againfl
4 them, as well by fecret as profefled Enemies of
* both.
4 This is all I have in Charge, fave only to de-
4 fire that the Parliament of Scotland's Anfwer
4 hereunto
142 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-irgnunu « hereunto may be returned by this Bearer, who is
*^49' ' lent Exprefs about the fame j and fo refts
Tour bumble Servant,
WILLIAM LENTHALL,
Speaker of the Parliament of England.
This Letter produced the following Anfwer, ad-
clrefs'd to the Speaker, as before ; which gave Oc-
cafion to the fubfequent Declaration of the Par-
liament of England.
S I R, Edinburgh, "June 26, 1649.
' PT^HE Eftates of Parliament of this Kingdom
' have received a Letter, dated the 23d of
* May 1649, finned by you as Speaker of the Par-
' liament, and written in the Name of the Com-
' monwealth of England ; which Titles, in regard
* of the Solemn League and Covenant, and Trea-
' ties, and the many Declarations of the Parlia-
' ments of both Kingdoms, are fuch as they may
' not acknowledge.
' And for the Matter therein contained ; the
' many Things of juft Refentment, wherein Satif-
' fadion is demanded from this Kingdom, are on-
' ly mentioned in the general, and therefore can-
4 not fo well receive a particular Anfwer ; but if
' by thofe general Expreflions, the late unlawful
* Engagement againft England be underftood, they
' defire that their Proteftation againft the fame in
* Parliament, and the Oppofition made thereunto
* by them afterwards in Arms, (which they never
' laid down untill the Garrifons of Berwick and
' Carlijle were reftored to the Kingdom of Eng-
< land) may be remembered, together with the
* Letter of the Houfe of Commons to the General
* Aflembly of this Kirk, of the third of Auguft^
' 1648: And what Lieutenant-General Cromwell,
' authorized from both Houfes of Parliament, did,
4 upon the 5th of Oftcber laft, reprefent to the
* Committee of Eftates of this Kingdom of Scot-
« land
Of E N G L A N D. 143
* land in that Engagement; and thereupon did de- Inter-regmim.
* mand that they would give Aflurance, in the
' Name of the Kingdom of Scotland, not to ad-
' mit or fufFer any, who had been active in, or
* confenting to, that Engagement, to be employ-
' ed in any public Place or Truft whatfoever ;
' which was not only granted and confirmed in
* Parliament, but all Acts for Profecution of that
* Engagement have been repealed, and allProceed-
* ings tending thereunto publickly difclaimed ; and
* if any other Wrongs fhall be made known unto
' us, we lhall be ready to return fuch an Anfwer
' as may give juft Satisfaction.
* Jf the Bonds of Religion, Loyalty to the King,
4 and mutual Amity and Friendfhip betwixt the
* Kingdoms be impartially confidered, according
' to the Solemn League and Covenant, and the
' Profeflions and Declarations of both Kingdoms,
' the Eftates of Parliament think they have juft
' Caufe to complain of the late Proceedings in Eng~
' land, in reference to Religion, the taking away
' the King's Life, and the Change of the Funda-
* mental Government of that Kingdom ; againft
' which this Kirk and Kingdom, and their Com-
c miflioners, have protefted and given Teftimony,
' whereunto they do ftill adhere.
' And fmce it is apparent there hath been of late,
' in England, a Backfliding and Departure from
* the Grounds and Principles wherein the two
* Kingdoms have been engaged, the Parliament of
' this Kingdom doth propound that the late Pro-
' ceedings there, againft Covenant and Treaties,
{ may be difclaimed and difavowed, as the Pro-
* fecution of the late unlawful Engagement againft
' England hath been difclaimed and difavoweA here;
' and that fuch as have departed from thefe Prin-
* ciplc'j and their former Proteffions, may return
* to the fame : Upon thefe Grounds they are con-
' tant to authorize Commiffioners, on Behalf of this
' Kingdom, to treat with Commiflioners from both
' Houfes of the Parliament of England^ fitting in
' Freedom, concerning all Matters of juft Com-
' plaint
144 T6e Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. ' plaint which either Nation may have againft the
1649. * other, and for Redrefs and Reparation thereof;
< ancj to Jo every Thing that may furtiier conduce
f to continuing the happy Peace and Union be-
4 twixt the Kingdoms, which can never be fettled
' on fo fure a Foundation as the former Treaties,
* and the Solemn League and Covenant ; from
* which, as no Alteration or Revolution of Affairs
' can abfolve either Kingdom, fo wetruftin God,
c that no Succefs whatfoever, whether good or bad,
* (hall be able to divert us ; but as it hath been
* our Care in Times paft, it (hall, with the Lord's
e Afliftance, ftill be our real Endeavours for the
' future to keep ourfelves from all Compliance
* with, or declining to the Popifh, Prelatical, or
* Malignant Party upon the one Hand, or to thofe
* that are Enemies to the Fundamental Govern-
* ment by King and Parliament, and countenance
* and maintain Errors, Herefy, and Schifm, upon
e the other.
' I have no other Thing in Command from the
« Parliament of this Kingdom, but to take Notice,
* that there is no Anfwer return'd to their Letter
< of the 6th of March laft j and fo refts
Your humble Servant^
LOU DON, Cancettarius,
Prtsfes Parliament!.
DECLARATION of the Parliament ^/"ENGLAND,
concerning their late Endeavours^ in a peaceable
IVay^ to remove all Mifunderjlandings and Dif-
ferences between the Commonwealth ^/"ENGLAND,
and the Kingdom of SCOTLAND.
c A Lthough the Injuries done, and Provoca-
* jf"\. tions offered, unto this Nation by the King-
' dom of Scotland, as well precedent as fubfequent
* to their laft Year's Invafion, have been fucb as
* might, in Reafon, have fhut the Door upon all
c amicable Offers to have arifen, efpecially on our
' Part ; yet, to manifeft how unwilling we were
* to
Of E N G L A N D. 145
f to forget their former Conjunction with us in the Inter-regnum.
' affecting and defending of Religion, and the pub- l649-
* lie Liberties and Rights of both Nations, againft *—— V"1*^
* the common Enemy ; and how ready we fhould ^u y'
* ftill be in profecution of the fame Caufe, to main-
* tain a firm Friendfhip with them, that thereby
' the Enemies of our Religion and Liberties might
* be difappointed of their wicked and dangerous
' Defigns, long fmce contrived, and to this Day
* dextroufly purfued, to the utter Ruining of both
* Nations, at lead the well-affected and confcien-
* tious Party in both, through the dividing them,
* and engaging them in irreconcilable Animofities
* and Differences among themfelves j we were con-
* tent to propound unto the Parliament of Scotland,
1 by a Letter of ours fent unto them, bearing Date
* the 23d of May laft paft, that Commiffioners
* might be refpectively appointed, as well on the
6 Behalf of this Commonwealth, as in Behalf of
' the Kingdom of Scotland, to meet with what con-
' venient Speed might be j at which Meeting the
* Particulars of the juft Refentment, for which we
e demanded Satisfaction, fhould be produced j and,
' if Satisfaction were therein given, we fliould be
* further willing to treat and conclude a firm League
* and Friendftiip with them, for the Ends expreffed
' in the faid Letter, unto which we refer our-
« felves.
* But unto this fair and friendly Overture of ours,
c no Return will ferve the Parliament of that King-
' dom, but that which lays an Incapacity upon us
c of profecuting our former Demands in a Way of
' Treaty, not only by the Afperfions which they
* caft upon the Honour and Juftice of our late Pro-
' ceedings, but by their public and profeffed !Dif-
* acknowledgment of the prefent Government of
* this Nation, eftablifhed by Parliament, and their
* refufing to treat upon any other Terms than our
' Return back to Regal Government and a Houfe
* of Lords, both which we have abolifhed, as what
* was found by Experience to be ufelefs and ob-
VOL. XIX. K «
146 The Parliamentary HISTORY
4 ftrucYive to that Freedom and Security which the
* People of England^ after all thefe Labours and
* Expences, have merited.
' This unequal Procedure of theirs, in Requital
* of fuch amicable Addrefles to them, we could not
4 have expected from that Appearance of Wifdom
4 and Piety, which the Actions of that Nation
' come ufually cloathed with ; nor do we know well
' what to impute it to, unlefs it be either to fome
' extraordinary Paflion raifed in them from an Ap-
' prehenfion that the Change of Things here will
' deprive them, for the future, of thofe Benefits and
* Advantages which they enjoyed and promifed
* themfelvcs among us in Continuance of Kings
' over this Nation, which they cannot fo fuddenly
' digeft ; or whether we may impute it to a politic
' Defign of ftirring ill Humours, and ftrengthening
< the Hands of a difcontented Party among our-
' felves, whom by no Means they will abfolve from
' a confcicntious Obligation, by virtue of the Co-
' venant, of adhering to Foreigners, againft the
' eftablimed Government of this Nation; but, ra-
* ther than fail, do furnifti them with the Example
c of their own Practice the laft Year, when a Party
' among themfelves took Arms againft the Re-
* folutions of their own Parliament, to oppofe, -as
' they pretended, the unlawful Engagement againft
' England: Altho' theQueftion was not fo much,
' as we are credibly inform'd, whether England
* fhould be invaded or engaged againft, but what
' Party among them fhould have this Truft com-
* mitted to them.
' Thefe, or the like Grounds, we fuppofe have
4 moved them to that Anfwer which their laft Let-
6 ter fends us, bearing Date the 26th of June, di-
* reeled to the Speaker of the Houfe of Commons,
' wherein they do in the firft Place tell him, That
' they neither may acknowledge him Speaker of the
* Parliament of England, nor the Name of Com-
6 monwealth to this Nation ; as if to be Speaker of
' the Parliament of England, and for this Nation
4 to
Of ENGLAND 147
4 to difpole itfclf in the Way of a Common- Inter-regnum,
e wealth, without King or Houfe of Lords, did de-
* pond upon their Allowance or Difallowance; and
' as if we alone, of all other Nations, had wanting
*• to us the natural Right and inherent Power to
' take up or lay down what Form of Government
' we think fit, and judge moft conducible to our
' owji Prefervation, Safety, and Welfare, without
* afking or obtaining the Confent of thofe that are
1 without us, and foreign to us.
* And the Reafon why they may not acknow-
ledge thefe Titles, is, in regard of the Solemn
c League and Covenant and 'Treaties^ and the many
' Declarations of the Parliaments of both Kingdoms.
' An Argument, we confefs, which hath been
' often ufed and alledged by them, as if, of courfe,
' it would ferve the Turn of bringing in their Inte-
e reft upon us, under Pretence of Religion; when-
4 as otherwife, in the Balance of found Reafon,
4 the little Weight of it would appear. But thefe
4 Pretences have fo often been unmafk'd, and the
6 Ungroundednefs of fuch Inferences fromCovenant
4 and Treaties detected, that it fhall fuffice us to
4 refer ourfelves to what already hath been faid by
4 us on this Subject long fince, in our Declaration
' of Nov. 28, 1646, and lately in another, dated
4 Feb. 17, 1648, both of them tranfmitted by us
4 to the Parliament of Scotland. In which Refpedl:
* we cannot but wonder how the Covenant, Trea-
' ties, and Declarations mentioned, ftiould come
' to be urged and applied afrefh in this Letter, un-
' lefs they conceive that the touching upon this
4 String is fo plaufible to fome deluded Minds
' among us, that there will need no more than a
' bare Affirmation to gain Credit thereunto with
* fuch Perfons, for whofe Sake we have thought
* good to make this further Reply :
* That it neither can nor will be made appear
* by any Thing exprefled in the Covenant, Trea-
* ties, of Declarations that have pafled the Parlia-
' ment of England, that the Parliament hath ex-
K 2 * eluded
148 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. ' eluded or debarr'd itfelf from the Ufe and Exer-
1649. * cife of that Right and Power which is infeparable
*— ""v— -' ' from it, as the Supreme Legiflative Authority of
July- < this Nation, to alter, repeal, make void in whole
4 or in part, any Thing whatfoever appertaining to
* the Government of this Nation, within itfelf, as
' they fhall judge requifite and neceflary from Time
« to Time. And, certainly, could any fuch Ex-
* preflion have efcaped them, that might have been
* ftrained into any fuch injurious Senfe, which we
' are fure hath not, yet it is not to be imagined
* that any Covenant, Treaty, or Declaration in
* that Behalf, could be binding in Things that a
' Parliament cannot give away from itfelf, but
* would be deftru&ive to the very Ends for which
* Parliaments are. Unto both which Confidera-
« tions this yet remains to be added, That what-
4 ever Force or Vigour might have been drawn and
* urged from the faid Covenant, Treaties, and De-
* cla-rations, to ferve for this, or any other Ufe by
* the Parliament of Scotland^ the Invafion which
« laft Year was made by the Parliament of that
« Kingdom, (by God's Bleffing fo timely and hap-
« pily defeated) hath cancell'd and made invalid,
* as to any Obligation upon England, untill we
c mall think fit to give new Life and Being to them :
* Wherein we have Reafon to be the more careful
* and cautious, rinding how dangerous Conftruc-
« tions and Inferences are endeavoured to be put
' upon them, upon all Occafions, thereby to en-
' title the Kingdom of Scotland to a pretenfive
* Power over the Laws and Liberties of England.
' And as to that which we are defired to remem *
* ber concerning what hath been done by the Per-
* Jons that have prefent Power and Parliamentary
* Authority of Scotland, (when eftated therein
* thro* the djfiftance of Lieutenant-Genera! Crom-
* well, and the Forces under his Command) to the
* dif claiming thofe Proceedings again/I England, by
* that unlawful Engagement j we anfwer, That the
* Remembrance of this doth not at all expiate and
« fatisfy
0/x E N G L A N D. 149
* fatisfy for the actual Wrong and Violence perpe- Inter-regnum,
* trated upon this Nation by the Parliament of l649«
' Scotland, who were the Authors and Orderers of *— — v— "^
* that Engagement -, and have thereby rendered the July'
* Kingdom of Scotland refponfable, not only for the
' Wrong and Injury done, but to the Recompence
4 of thofe great Damages which England hath fu-
* ftained by the fame ; which we were defirous,
* among other Things, to have received Satisfac-
' tion for in a Way of Treaty, fo haftily declined
* and rejected by the prefent Parliament of Scot-
( land, in their laft Letter, as if it were reafonable
« for the Parliament of that Kingdom to doWrong,
' but not reafonable for the Parliament of England,
* fo much as to demand Satisfaction for that
* Wrong, though in the faireft and moft peaceable
f Way. And how can we expect Satisfaction to
' be given to any other Injuries done to this Na-
* tion, when they fhall by us be made known to
' them, as they feem now to invite, when as to
' that which is fo manifeft and notorious, as the laft
' Year's Invafion, we have no other Redrefs afford-
* ed but Recrimination, which the latter Part of
' their Letter is filled with, and may be teduced
* to thefe two Heads ?
Fir/?, ' To their adhering unto, and now the
* fecond Time avowing, thofe Scandals and Re-
* preaches laid upon the prefent Government of En-
* gland, in a Paper of their Commiflioners, dated
* Feb. 24, i64f,fubfcribed by the Earl of Lothian*
' Sir John Chiejley, and Mr. Glendinning, in the
' Name of the Kingdom of Scotland; upon Perufal
' and Confideration whereof, we then paffed our
' Senfe of it in a fhort Declaration. Unto which
* we mail only add, That if the Bonds of Religion
e and Faithfulnefs to theTruft repofed in both r$r-
' liaments be impartially confidered, we cannot
' but think that the Confideration thereof would
« have been a far better Inducement to the Parlia-
' ment of Scotland to have accepted the Propofals
* made by us in our laft Letter, as a Means for the
K 3 'two
150 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jater-regnam. « two Nations to have grown up into a firm League?
1649. « anci Amity; thereby to have fecured Religion and
*•- '"V"— ^ ' public Liberty from the Defigns of Popiih, Pre-
•*u>>' * latical, and Malignant Factions, than, by this
4 their late Carriage towards us, to have put the
* two Nations at fuch a pittance, and, at belt, Un-.
4 uicfulnefs of each to other, as ferves only to da
4 the Work of the common Enemv, by weakening
* us through our own Divifions : Wherein we are
6 lure, whatever Charge they lay upon us, they
* have not (hewn themfelves ftedfaft and true to
* thofe Grounds which were the Caufes not only
* of uniting both Nations in the fo-often-mention'd,
* Covenant and Treaties, made without and a-
*. gainft Confent of the late King, but alfo of their
4 engaging in a War againjt him for the Attain-
4 mem of thofe Ends.
4 And the Improvement of this Principle in pur-
4 fuance of our Truft, is not therefore to be com-
4 plained of, becauie it juftifies our late Proceed-
4 ings, which have out-gone what Scotland hath
4 concurred in with us, no more now than before,
* when it upheld thofe joint Refolutions which car^
4 ried out them and us together in a War againft
4 the late King and his Party, and in that Anfwer
' of both Kingdoms, That we could not give cur
* Confent to his Majeftys Return and Exercife of
4 his Regal Office, till he had fir ft given Satisfac-
4 tion to his Kingdoms for the innocent Blood of his
4 good Subjects that bad been fpilt in all his Domi-
4 nions, by his Command and CommiJ/isn, and for
* the War in Ireland by him fomented and prolonged.
* Xo the fecond Head of their Recrimination,
4 wherein they tell us, That it is apparent there
4 hath been of late, in England, a Back/tiding and
4 Departure from the Grounds and Principles ivhere-
* in the two Kingdoms firjl engaged^ we anfwer,
4 That before fo heavy a Charge had been fo pofi-
4 lively faften'd on us, it would have been agree-
4 able to Reafon and Juftice that a little Pains had
e been taken in briefly reminding us of thofe Prin-
4 ciplcs
Of E N G L A N D, 151
' ciples from which they accufe us to have depart- Inter-regnum.
* ed. For it is not apparent to us, after a very fe- l649-
' rious Confideration of all that hath been offered *""" -*v— ••J
' from the Parliament of Scotland, that there hath ^uly*
4 been a Backfliding from thole Principles (pro-
' perly fo called) upon which the two Nations firft
* engaged ; but, on the contrary, we doubt not
4 but to make it evident to all, not prejudiced, that
' we have been fo far from going back, that we
* have gone forward in the Profecution of them :
' And the Diftance between us and Scotland arifes
* not from our backfliding from thofe Principles,
' but from their ftanding ftill and not purfuing the
' common End which we propounded to ourfelves
* when we mutually engaged ; which was the Se-
1 curity of Religion and the public Liberties of the
* Nations above all other Things ; and all other
* Things, as they are confident with, and fubfer-
* vient unto, them. And we know that, in all
* Things, the End, before other Principles, is firft
* intended ; which whilft it is adhered unto, a
* Freedom is allowed to make Ufe of all fit and re-
* quifite Means to attain that End : And therefore
' the End of all Government being the Good of
* the People, in which Good the right Knowledge
* and Worfliip of God is efpecially comprized, the
6 Ground of all Change muft be, as it hath been
* with us, in order to thofe Ends which were the
* Principles that the two Nations did mutually en-
* gage upon ; and which will certainly rife up in
' Judgment againft them, if they be wilfully decli-
* ned and departed from by either of them. We
' muft be careful, therefore, that we miftake not
* Principles for Superstructures, for the End is the
' firft and perfedt Principle ; the Means are but
* fubordinate and fubjedr. to Change, as oft as they
' prove ineffectual to the End.
'And whereas they efteem a pofitiveConftitution
< of Government to be a Principle, and the Adhe-
' rence to it to be of Confcience, altho" changed
s by the Supreme Authority; upon Examination it
* will be found, that herein they more eftablim the
« Interefi;
152 T^e Parliamentary HISTORY
' Intereft of the Governors than the Good of the
* Governed ; and that wherever the People's Wel-
* fare is preferred before the particular Interefts of
* them that govern, it hath not been unufual in thofe
' Nations to lay afide precedent Forms of Govern-
4 ment, and introduce others; although they allow
' not us, upon the fame equitable Ground, to
' change from Monarchy into a Commonwealth.
' And becaufe the Parliament of Scotland doth
* propound, That the late Proceedings in England,
' againjl Covenants and Treaties, may be disclaimed
*• and difavowed, as the Profecution of the late un-
* lawful Engagement againjl England was by them,
* and that fuch as have departed from thofe Prin-
* ciplesy and their former Profcj/ioKs, may return
* unto the fame : We conceive that this Propofal
* might have been fpared, till either they had con-
' vinced us that our Proceeding's did deferve fuch
' difclaiming, or at leaft till we had been brought to
* the fame Straits with them, when they difavow'd
* to us the laft Year's Engagement ; which was
* not done by the vifible Authority of that Nation,
4 till the Scots Army was overthrown in England,
* and that a confiderable Force of ours was in their
* Kingdom, in purfuit of that Victory.
* They tell us further, That no Alteration or Re-
* volution of Affairs can abfolve either Nation from
* the Covenant and Treaties^ &c. We cannot ad-
4 mit of this Do&rine, having fo frefti in Memory
'the laft Year's open Hoftility of that Kingdom
* againft England -t and being not at all fecured,
' (however the contrary be as yet profefled) but
* that thofe who are already fo eafily difpofed to
* entertain Prejudice, and declare fo unjuft Cen-
* fures upon our late Proceedings, may in (hort
* Time be drawn, in their Zeal, to uphold Mo-
6 narchy; and, by their own Senfe of the Cove-
« nant, to join avowedly with the common Enemy,
* the Papifts, Prelates, and Malignants ; whofe
* Power and pernicious Defigns to obviate and op-
* pofe, was the chief End of the Covenant and
* Treaties : And fliould they happen to fall into
'fuch
Of E N G L A N D. 153
* fuch an Alteration and Revolution as this, we Inter-rcgmim.
' prefume that we (hall then ftand abfolved in their l649-
' Judgment, as we do now in our own. **" ""X"""'""'
' And we fliall wifh that fome contrary Necef- y
* fity do not incline them to the Popifh, Prelatical,
* and Malignant Party, as well as their Neceflity
* the laft Year brought them not only to comply
* and join, but to be obliged for their Lives and
' Safeties, to thofe whom formerly they had decla-
' red againft, as much as now they do> for a Sec-
' tarian Army.
* This Account we have thought fit to give of
* our late Endeavours, in a peaceable Way, to pre-
* vent all Mifunderftandings and Differences be-
' between us and Scotland. Out of which Courfe,
4 if we be now diverted, we can truly fay the Fault
* is not ours ; and fhall not doubt but that all in
* this Commonwealth, who defire Protection from
' it, and wifh well to the Safety and Good of Eng-
* land) will be awakened to difcern the Fallacy and
5 Unfoundnefs of thefe Allegations againft us and
* our Proceedings ; and be forewarned of having
' Compliance with Defigns of whatever Colour,
* that tend only to renew and foment our Divifions
< at home, and to promote foreign Advantages, by
' depriving ourfelves of the Fruit and Benefit of all
c thofe Labours which we have undergone, thefe
* many Years, with the Expence of fo much Blood
* and Treafure.'
After this the Houfe employed the greateft Part Lieutenant-Ge-
of the Month in making necefiary Preparations for neral Cromwell
the Expedition into Ireland: The Marquis
Ormond had advanced far in his Conqueft of that
Kingdom, and had actually laid Siege to Dublin,
which made theGovernment on this Side very anxi-
ous about it. The Forces defign'd to be employ'd
againft him, under the Command of Lieutenant-
General Cromwell, were ordered to embark forth-
with; and he himfelf was to go with them, inveft-
ed with all the Pomp and Regalities of a Deputy-
Lieutenant
154 T^e Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. Lieutenant of that Kingdom. The Houfe aHc>
1649- borrowed 150,0007. more of the City of London^
*— TV^—' at Eight per Cent, and on the Credit of the Excife,
for this Expedition ; and ordered the nth of July
to be kept as a Day of public and folemn Fafting
and Humiliation, throughout the Cities of London
and Wtfhninfttr, for the feeking Almighty God,
for his efpecial Bleiling upon the Forces now de-
fign'd and going for the Relief of Irtiiind. The
lame to be obfervcd and kept in all Churches and
Chapels, on a more diftant Day, throughout all
England, &c. Arrd, in order to oblige the Clergy
the more effectually to proclaim to their Congre-
gations what the Parliament thought proper to di-
rect, on the Qth of this Month the Boufs pafs'd
the following Refolutions :
Orders for regu- i. ' That if any Minifter fhould, directly or in-
hting the Con-dps&fa preach, or publickly pray, againft the
gytlSng ttPowe^ Authority, or Proceedings of the Parlia-
State. ment, or the Government eftr.hliihed by Authority
thereof:
2. ' Or, 'in preaching or praying, to make Men-
tion of diaries Stuart or Jtirne s Stuart, Sons of the
late King, (who, by Judgment of Parliament,
were declared Enemies, and flood excepted from
Pardon) othcrwife than as the Enemies of this
Commonwealth ; or fhould, under the Name of
Royal Iflue, or otherwife, promote any Title or
Intereft, taken away or declared againft by this
Parliament, to the Prejudice of this prefent Go-
vernment :
3. ( Or fhould not obferve the Days of public
Humiliation or Thankfe;iving, appointed, or- to be
appointed, by Parliament; or not publilh the Acts,
Orders, or Declarations thereof, being enjoined
and directed thereunto by Authority ot the fame,
(having due Notice thereof, without reafonable
Caufe to the contrary) they fhould be adjudged
Delinquents ; and be within the refpective Orders
and Acts touching Sequeftration, as to their Eccle-
fiafticaJ Benefices and Stipends.'
Of ENGLAND. 255
We have already taken Notice of an Act, for inter- rsgnum.
felling the Goods and Perfonal Eilate of the late J '-
King, Queen, and Prince: And, on the i6th of ' — •;— •
this Month, another was pafs'd for the Sale of the July>
Crown Lands, except fuch as were to be referved
for the Ufe of the State. The Preamble to this
Act fets forth,
' That the Parliament of England having been An Aft pafs'd for
c neceffitated, for their juft and lawful Defence, Sale of theCrown
* and preferving of the Laws and Liberties of thisLands>
' Nation, to raife and maintain fcveral Armies and
' Forces j by Reafon whereof they have contradl-
' ed very great Debts ; and conceiving themfelves
' engaged, both in Honour and Juitice, to make due
' Satisfaction unto all Officers and Soldiers for their
' Arrears ; taking alfo into Confideration the ma-
* ny great and faithful Services done and perform'd
' by thofe Forces, and more efpecially by the Ar-
6 my under the Command of Thomas Lord Fair-
' fax ; by which, through the Blefling of God on
c their Endeavours, the Parliament is put into a
« Capacity of fettling the People of this Nation in,
« and restoring them unto, their juft Liberties and
* Freedoms*. And that whereas the late King,
* the Queen, and their eldeft Son, have been the
< chief Authors of the late Wars and Troubles, by
e whom, in whofe Behalf, and for whofe Intereft
« principally, the fame hath been unjuftly raifed,
' fomented, continued, and renewed ; and there-
* fore, in all Juflice and Equity, ought to bear the
' Burden of the faid Debts; and their Eftates, in
« the firft Place, to be applied to difcharge the fame;
' it being the Duty and efpecial Care and Endea-
« vour of the Parliament that the People ihould
* not in any fort be taxed and charged, but in Cafe^
« of inevitable Neceffity, and when other Ways
' and Means are wanting : And that forafmuch
* as the Parliament, finding the Office of a King
' in this Nation to have been unneceflary, burden-
« fome, and dangerous, hath utterly abolifhed the
6 faid Kingly Office,'
Then
156 *The Parliamentary Hi s T o R Y
Then it proceeds to enact, That, for the better
fecuring the Arrears of 600,000 /. due to the Ar-
my, and charged on the Excife, the fame fhall be
charged on the Crown Lands, to be veiled in Tru-
ftees for that Purpofe, who were to keep Courts
of Survey, and to appoint Stewards and other Of-
ficers till the Time of Sale : No Lands to be fold
under thirteen Years Purchafe j nor a Leafe grant-
ed for one Life under fix Years and a half ; a Leafe
for two Lives, under three Years and a half ; and
a Leafe for three Lives, two Years and a half, &c.
by the Agents or Contractors on the Part of the
Parliament, appointed in the Act, whofe Power and
Inftructions are amply fet forth therein ; with Pro-
vifo's touching Forefts and Timber Trees to be re-
ferved for the Ufe of the Navy.
For declaring The nCXt ***?> Jttb X7> an A£t W2S Pafs'd' de~
Counterfeiting claring what Offences fhall be adjudg'd HighTrea-
of the Coin to fon. jt is obfervable that this Act is an exact li-
be^High T i- teral Copy of another pafs'd} under the fame Title,
the I4th of May, 1649, with the Addition of a
fmgle Paragraph only ; and yet no Reference is
made in the one Act to the other, nor any Rea-
fon affign'd for re-enacting into a Law what had
received that Sanction only two Months before.
The Addition was, Extending the Penalties of
High Treafon, (except Corruption of Blood or
Lofs of Dower) to all fuch who mould counter-
feit, clip, warn, or impair the current Coin of the
Commonwealth, or knowingly import falfe Mo-
ney, in order to make Payment thereof.
For propagating On the 2yth of this Month the Parliament pafs'd
the Gofpel in an Act, for promoting and propagating the Gofpel
jaw-AyM] of jefus chrift in New-England. As the Pre-
amble to this Act exhibits fome Idea of the State
of this, then Infant, Colony, we fhall give it at
large:
' Whereas the Commons of England^ aflembled
' in Parliament, have received certain Intelligence,
« by
Of E N G L A N D. 157
4 by the Teftimonial of divers faithful and godly Inter-regnum.
4 Minifters, and others, in New-England, that di-
4 vers the Heathen Natives of that Country, (thro*
4 the Bleffing of God upon the pious Care and
* Pains of fome godly EngliJI) of this Nation, who
4 preach the Gofpel to them in their own Indian
4 Language) are not only of barbarous become
4 civil ; but many of them, forfaking their ac-
4 cuftomed Charms and Sorceries, and other Sata-
4 nical Delufions, do now call upon the Name of
4 the Lord, and give great Teftimony of the Power
4 of God drawing them from Death and Darknefs
4 into the Life and Light of the glorious Gofpel of
4 Jefus Chrift, which appeareth by their diligent
4 attending on the Word fo preached unto them j
4 with Tears lamenting their mif-fpent Lives ;
4 teaching their Children what they are inftructed in
4 themfelves ; being careful to place their faid Chil-
4 dren in godly Englijb Families, and to put them
4 to Englijb Schools ; betaking themfelves to one
4 Wife, putting away the reft ; and by their con-
4 ftant Prayers to Almighty God, Morning and
4 Evening in their Families, exprefled, in all Ap-
4 pearance, with much Devotion and Zeal of Heart :
4 All which confidered, we cannot but, in behalf of
4 the Nation we reprefent, rejoice, and give Glory
4 to God, for the Beginning of fo glorious a Pro-
4 pagation of the Gofpel of Jefus Chrift amongft
4 thofe poor Heathens, which cannot be profecu-
4 ted with that Expedition and further Succefs as
4 is defired, unlefs fit Inftruments be encouraged
4 and maintained to purfue it j Univerfities, Schools,
4 and Nurferies of Literature fettled for further
4 inftrufting and civilizing them ; Inftruments
4 and Materials fit for Labour and Cloathing
4 with other NecefTaries, as Encouragements for
4 the beft-deferving among them, be provided, and
4 many other Things neceflary for fo great a Work ;
4 the furniftiing of all which will be a Burden too
4 heavy for the Englijb there, who (although wil-
4 ling, yet unable) have in a great Meafure ex-
* baufted their Eftates in laying the Foundations of
4 many
58 The Parliamentary HISTORY
many hopeful Towns and Colonies in a defolate
Wildernefs : And therefore conceiving ourfelves
of this Nation bound to be helpful in promoting
and advancing of a Work Ib muc h tending to the
Honour of Almighty God : Be it therefore en-
acted, &fr.'
By this A (El a Corporation was eftablifbed, con-
fifting of a Prefident, Treafurcr, and fourteen Af-
fiftants, with Power to purchalc Lands in Mort-
main to the Amount of 2000 /. per Annum, to ap-
point a common Seal, make By-Laws, and re-
ceive charitable Contributions. A general Col-
lection was ordered to be made throughout Eng-
land and Wales ; and the Minifters of every Pariih
were required to read this Act in their feveral Con-
gregations, to exhort the People to a liberal Con-
tribution, and to go from Houfe to Houfe for that
Purpofe.
July 31. The Houle pafs'd an Adi: giving fur-
er Powers for the Sale of Deans and Chapters
Lands. The Amendments and Alterations where-
And for the rea-
dier Sale of Deans ther Powers for the Sale of Deans and Chapters
Lands. " Lands. The Amendments and Alterations where-
in make no fmall Part of the Journals of this
Month. Mr. Ludlow a remarks, ' That tho' the
Truftees were authorized to fell the Lands at ten b
Years Purchafe, yet fuch was the good Opinion
the People had conceiv'd of the Parliament, that
moft of them were fold at the clear Income of
fifteen, fixteen, and feventeen Years ; one half
of the Sums contracted for being paid down in
ready Money ; befides which the Woods were va-
lued diftindtly, and to be paid for according to the
Valuation.'
Tlie AiTcjTment Auguft. The Commons began this Month with
'of 90,000 1. con- a Vote for continuing the AflefTment, of 90,000 /.
Month sponger. Per Menfem for three Months longer, viz. from
the 2Qth of September enfuing, to the fame Day in
December next.
a Memoirs, Vol. I. p. 299.
b By the Adi pafs'd, dpril 30, 1649, for the Sale of Dcrrr
and Chapters Lands, they were not be fold under twelve Years
Purchafe. SceMl's Collcfiions, r> 20.
Of ENGLAND, 159
. Augujl 3. To (hew in how high a Degree of Intcr-regnum.
Credit and Honour this Fragment of a Parliament
was held abroad, the following pompous Super-
fcription and Conclufion of a Letter, lent to them
from the Burgomafters and Senators of the City of
Hamburgh, is entered, by way of Precedent we fup-
pofe, in their ^Journals :
lllujirijjimis, Excellentijjimis, Nobilijjimis^ acThe. Manner of
Marnificis Dominis, Dominis CelfiffimeeDomusPar-1^ Parliament's
;• • • A r n j- -L r\ • • a • mr being addrefled
liamcntt in AnglMUraimouSi JJommis nojtris Ubjer- ^ °^c City of
vandijfimis ; and fubfcribed thus, Illuftrijfimarum Hamburgh,
veftrarum Generofitatum Cff Dominatuum Obfervan-
dijfimi atque Officiojtjfimi Proconfules & Senatorcs
Civitatis Hamburgenfis.
Aug. 6. The Houfe proceeded in framing a De-
claration concerning the Maintenance of the Ali-
niftry and Church Government ; and the Queftion
being put that the Declarative Claufe in the AcT\
touching the Prefbyterian Government, be Part of
the Declaration, the Houfe divided ; when the
Numbers were found to be equal, 23 and 23, but
the Speaker's Vote caft it in the Negative. Then
it was ordered, That it be referred to a Committee,
upon the Debate of the Houfe, to confider of this
Declaration, and to review the Book and Ordi-
nances for fettling Prelbytery, and to bring it in
with fuch Alterations as they (hall think fit, with
Lenity to tender Confciences.
Aug. 9. Two Bills were brought into the Houfe
this Day, one of them intituled, An Aft again/I
feditious and fcandalous News, Rumours^ and Wri-
tings ; the other, An Aft again/I unlkenfed and
fcandalous Books and Pamphlets, and for the better
regulating of Printing. They were both read a firft
and fecond Time, and, upon the Queftion, com-
mitted.
The fame Day the Houfe heard a Report from
the Council of State; and afterwards, upon the
Motion of Mr. Henry Martin^ ordered, That thofe
Gentlemen who were appointed to have the Cufto-
dy
160 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Intcr-regnum. <ty of the Regalia* do deliver them over to the
1649. Truftees for Sale of the Goods of the late King,
«— v— ~ ' Queen, and Prince, who are to caufe the fame to
Auguft. be totaUy broken ; and that they melt down the
Orders for melt- Gold and Silver of them, and fell the Jewels for
ing down the Re- the beft Advantage of the Commonwealth; and
& anthed£Sa." t0 take the llke CarC °f th°fe that WerC in the
tUs',ngof the'late Tower. An Order was alfo made for taking down
King. and demolishing the Arms of the late King in all
public Places, and likewife all Statues of him, and
Infcriptions. So active were thefe Reformers of
the State in obliterating all Marks of Regal Sove-
reignty.
Aug. 10. An Affair relating to Colonel, after-
wards the famous General, Monck^ happened in
the Houfe this Day, which deferves our Notice.
This Officer had been long employed in Ireland
by the Parliament, and had lately made an Agree-
ment for a Ceflation of Arms with the Irijh Rebels.
The Colonel was queftioned for this by the new
oi Lord-Lieutenant in that Kingdom, and by him re-
idi themitte^ over mto England, with his Papers, to the
/«/£Rebels,cen- Council of State, who referred him to the Parlia-
Houfc by th£ ment : And this Day> beinS called to the Bar to
anfwer for his Offence, he owned the Fact, and
faid he did it on his own Score, perceiving it
was for the Prefervation of the Englijh Intereft
there ; and that they had reaped fome Fruits there-
of accordingly. After much Debate on this Bu-
finefs, the Houfe came to the following Refolution:
' That this Houfe doth utterly difapprove of the
Proceedings of Col. Monck^ in the Treaty and Cef-
fation made between him and Owen Roe O'Neile>
and that the innocent Blood, which had been fhed in
Ireland^ is fo frefh in the Memory of this Houfe,
that they do deteft and abhor the Thoughts of
clofmg with any Party of Popifh Rebels there,
who have had their Hands in fhedding that Blood :
Neverthelefs, the Houfe being fatisfied that what
Col. Monck had done therein, was, in his Appre-
henfion, neceffary for the Prefervation of the Par-
liament
Of ENGLAND. 161
1 lament of England's Intereft there, theHoufe was Inter-regnuir.,
content the further Confideration thereof, as to l649-
him, be laid afide; and fhould not, at any Time <"""~V~T"-'
hereafter, be call'd in Queftion.' The Colonel be-
ing again call'd in, the Speaker acquainted him
with this Reiblution.
Mr. IVbitlocke writes g, * That Monck was much
difcon tented at the Proceedings in this Bufmefs in
relation to himfelf, efpecially at fome Paflages high-
ly reflecting on his Honour and Fidelity : That it
was the Opinion of divers, either not to have que-
flion'd him in this Bufmefs at all, or, having once
done it, never to employ him any more in the Ser-
vice: But that the major Part carried it for beat-
ing him firft, and then ftroaking him j which fome
think he never forgot.'
Aug. 14. This Day the Houfe received Letters A great
from Ireland^ brought by Capt. Otway, giving j^inM . ov" the
an Account of a great Vidory obtained by their J^ /«/««£
Forces there againfl the Marquis of Ormond. A by the Parlia-
Day of Thankfgiving was immediately appointed mcnt's Force*
to be held on the 29th Inft. throughout all £«£- ^T>!«. **
land and Wales^ for this wonderful and feafonable
Vi&ory, vouchfafed by the Goodnefs of God to
the Parliament's Forces, under the Command of
Lieutenant-General Michael Jones^ Aug. 2, againft
the whole Army of the Rebels in Ireland^ com-
manded by the Earl of Ormond^ then belieging
Dublin. A Declaration was alfo ordered to be
drawn, of the Grounds and Reafons of the fetting
a -part the faid Day of public Thankfgiving, and
an A£t for the due Obfervation thereof, the Care
of which were left to Mr. Whitaker and Mr. Scot.
This Declaration and Narrative of the Battle and
Victory, as alfo the A&, which were ordered to
be printed and publifhed, and a competent Num-
ber of them fent to every Sheriff of England and
Wales, to be by them distributed to all the Mini-
fters within their refpe&ive Jurifdi<£tions, are too
extraordinary to be omitted in this Work.
VOL. XIX. L A
Memorials, p, 403,
1 62 The Parliamentary HIST o R Y
A DECLARATION WNARR ATIVE of the Grounds
and Reafons for fetting a-part a Day of public
Tb ank f giving, to be kept on Wedncfday the ityb
<j/Auguft, 1649. h
lnce the Time that the Lord brought up his
e°^lc fl'°m thc H°ufe °f Bondage, bX the
' Outgoings of his Almighty Power in Signs and
< Wonders, it can hardly be obferved that ever his
' Almighty Arm was made more vifibly bare in
' promoting, or that he hath, by more evident De-
* monftrations declared to the World, his Appro-
* bation aid Owning of any Caufe, than he hath
* done that in which this Parliament hath been
* engaged, for Afferting and Recovery of their juft
* Rights and Liberties, with the Eftablifhment of
* Truth and Righteoufnefs, and Suppreffion and
* Removal of Tyranny, and all the Effects of it.
* And this hath been feen more evidently and abfo-
* lutely fince the Time that the Parliament hath
* engaged, moft exprefly and impartially, againft
* the greatcft and higheft Enemies of Religion and
« Liberty.
* With what a Series of Mercies and Miracles,
* of Victories and Deliverances, we have been fol-
* lowed from the Hand of our merciful God fince
* the Battle of Nafeby till this prefent, cannot, we
* hope, be fo far out of cither the Senfe or Memory
' of any good Patriot, as to need a Recapitulation
* or Rehearfal. He hath made us to triumph over
* our Enemies, and wherein they dealt proudly he
* was above them; giving them Leave oft-times to
' fwell their Waves, that he might fet them Li-
' mits, and fay unto them, Hitherto fnall ye cotney
' and no further. He hath made them feel the
* Liftings-up of his Hand, which they would not
* fee; and by his own Almighty Wonder- work-
* ing Power defeated their Strengths, and con-
c founded them in thcirConfidences: Whenheight-
* ened to Aflurances of undoubted Succefs, they
« have
k From the original Edition, printed for EJtvard llu/kands, Prin-
ter to the Parliament of England, Aiguft 16, 1649,
Of E N G L A N D. 163
* have promifed themfelves nothing but Victory, Inter-rcgnum,
4 Spoil, and the full Harveft of their Hopes, then
' fudden Deftruclion hath befallen them from the
' Lord ; and that fo fignally and beyond ordinary
' Providences, as if the Stars in their Courfes had
* fought againft them : When they have gone from
' Mountain to Hill to feelc for Divinations againft
* Ifrael, and call'd in Moab, and dmmon, and Ama-
* leek, and the Inhabitants of Mount Seir againft
' the Worm Jacob, through the Power and Pre-
4 fence of our God no Sorcery hath prevailed, no
* Weapon form'd againft us hath profpered. The
* Lord hath declared to the World, that he is a
* God of Mountains and of Valleys, and every
e where a ftrong Rock, a mighty Defence, for thofe
* that ferve and truft in him. Againft all Perfons,
* and in all Places, he hath appeared for us ; as
* againft the old profefled Malignants and Royalifts
* all along in England, and againft the pretended
' Covenanters laft Year from and in Scotland; fo
* now of late moft feafonably, and even miracu-
c loufly, in Ireland, againft both Scots, renegado
* EngUJh, and Irijb formerly commanded by Taaff**
4 Prefton, Clanrlckard, Inchiquin, and now united
' and grown into a numerous Army under the Apo-
' ftate Ormond ; amounting in the whole, at their
* own Account, to 19,000 Men. Now when,
* by the Revolt of Inchiquin, all Munjler was theirs j
* and, by the Force of Clanrickard, all Connaught,
4 by the Defection of the Scots, and the Treachery
* of the Englijb deferting their Truft, all Ulfter was
* loft, except Derry; and Leinjier, even to Dublin j
* when all the Englifr) Intereft in Ireland was re-
* duced, and fhut up in thofe two Towns, and the
* latter ftraitly befieged by fo potent a Force, where -
* by the Enemy was arrived to fuch a Confidence,
* as that the Lord Ormond began to be folicitous,
' and full of Trouble to himfelf, what to do with
* our Men, when they fhould be in his Power,
4 whereof he made no Doubt ; inclining, as he
* faid, to fend them to the Barbadoes and our other
* Plantations, if fufficient Shipping could be gain'd;
L 2 and
164 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. c and the Lord Taa/\ to eafe him of that Care,'
1649. < fuggefted, as an eafier Expedient, the throwing
*— — v— •* * them into the Sea: Such are the Mercies of the
suft- c Wicked ! Then, when they only ftaid but for
' the coming up of their additional Forces, to effect
' all this the more fecurely, then the Lord look'd
' flown from Heaven, the Habitation of his Ho line j}
* and his Glory, and defeated them ; then he fent
< forth his Wrath ^ and consumed them a: Stubble or
1 as Chaff before the Wind: And thus hath he be-
* gun to avenge his Ifrael there, and vifit for the
* Blood of his People ftied in that Kingdom, with
* a Rage reaching up to Heaven ; and therein given
6 his Servants here Caufe with triumphant Joy to
' fing, Who is like unto thee, O Lord, among the
* Gods ? Who is like thee, glorious In Holinefs, fear-
* ful in Praifes, doing Wonders ?
4 The Particulars of which wonderful Mercy,
* now given, are more fully and clearly certified in
* feveral ExpreiTes from Lieutenant-General Jones y
* the principal and moft honourable Inftrument in
* the Hand of God for this great Deliverance and
* Succefs, fumm'd up in the enfuing Narrative :
Since Ormond'j firft fetting himfelf before Dub-
lin, (where he continued from the 20th of June tb
the id Injlant) little was done againft this City ; he
aiming firjl at the gaining the principal Out-gar-
rifons, as Drogheda, Dundalk, and Trym, the
lajl being taken the 2 1/? pa ft.
On the 22d Col. Venables landed with his Foot\
the 2$tb, Col. Reynolds, with his Horfe ; the 26th,
Col. Moor and Col. Hunks, with their Footj and
Captain Norwood and Major Eliot, with tlci;
Troops, whereby this Party became in fome Sort
confiderable : Wherewithal!) and by the Report of
the Lord- Lieutenant's folloiuing foon after with the
't.uhole Army^ the Enemy being awaken d, there-
upon refolv'd to fet themfelves wholly to thh
Work j and, in the fir ft Place, they did cut off thai
Water whereby our Mills were driven^ and thereby
Of ENGLAND. 165
was our Condition fometbing Jlraitened; but prin- Inter-regnum.
cipally, upon the jecond Injlant, they cajl up a JVork 1649.
at Baggarath, within a Quarter of a Mile of this v— "V—-^
City, whither having drawn about 1 500 Foot, be-
fedes Horfe, they thence purpofed to work them/elves
forward in their Approaches, and to take from us
our Fwage for our Horfe, and Grafs for our Cattle,
without which this Place could not long have fubfiji-
ed ; and they built Forts towards the Sea to deprive
us of the Landing-place for our common Supplies ;
and this was the only Jafe Landing left for our
Forces in the Dominion of Ireland.
The Enemies Horfe and Foot appearing at Bag-
garath the fecondof this Inftant, about Nine in the
Adorning, Lieutenant- General Jones drew out I2CO
Horfe and 4000 Foot, intending then only to beat up
the Enemies Quarters, and not to engage with fa
fmall a Party, their Camp being at Rathmines,
within lefs than a Mile of Baggarath j but God
blejjing our Men with Succefs, and by the coming on
cf Parties on all Sides, it came at length to a gene-
ral Engagement ; and, after more than two Hours
hot Difpute, the Enemy was totally routed: Or-
mond hardly efcaped with eight Horfe, and few had
efcaped of their whole Numbers, but that there was
Caufe to provide again/I a Body of jooo frejh
Horfe of the Enemies, commanded by Sir Thomas
Armftrong ; which coming up frejh, and in our Men's
Diforder, might have endangered all ; but they, in-
Jlead of advancing as our Men expefted, fied to~
wards Drogheda.
Our Lojs of Men was little,, there not being
2O miffing ; but many wounded.
Of the Enemy were Jlain about 4000, fame of
conjiderable Duality, and 2517 taken Prisoners j
among/i whom Col. Chriftopher Plunket, the Earl
of Fingall, and Col. Richard Butler, the Earl
of Ormond'j Brother, were Principals ; and, with
them, j 6 Colonels and Field-Officers, 41 Captains,
58 Lieutenants, 42 Enjigns ; of Cornets, ^uarter-
Majlers, and other Perfons of inferior Offices and
,^ great Numbers, mojl of them of Inchiquin'j
L 3 ' Eng,-
i66 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Infr-rfgnum. Englifh and our Runaways: To which is to be add-
1649. ed Mr* John Herbert, Servant to the pretended
King, who, about fix Day! before landed his Ma-
per,s fjoujhold Stuff in Galway.
Our Men took in the Place three Demi-cannons, cne
large fquare Gun, carrying a Ball of twelve Pounds ,
cne ^acre-Drake, and one Mortar-piece : All thcfe
Urafs. And our Men alfo gained about 200 Oxen
for the Train, be/ides Carriages. The next Day our
Men feized a Brafs Cannon within Jive Miles of
the Camp', which Camp was richly furnijhcd with
great Store of Velvets, Silks, Scarlets, and other
Clothing of Value ; Wines, Groceries, with fame con-
venient Quantity of Money ; all which they left be-
hind them, and the neighbouring Villages plentifully
Jlorcd with Cattle of all Sorts Jit for Food.
There are alfo taken of the Train Carriages and
Waggons, belonging to the Enemies Army, at leafl
300 j Tents, 500 ; Cows, 300 ; and Irifh Nags,
term'd by them Garroones, 800.
It was for our Advantage that Inchiquin had
fome Days before gone towards Munfter, yet in-
tending to return Jhortly : As alfo that our Men fa
engaged before Clanrickard'j Coming up with his
3000 Men out of Connaught, and 7000 Ulrter
Scots alfo upon advancing.
All this was done by a Handful of Men, and not
the third Part of our Foot coming in to the princi-
pal Part of the Work ; yet, by them, the Lord de-
feated an Enemy, by themfelves now acknowledged
19,000, and they having a frejh Referve of Horfe
little Jhort of our Numbers.
The fame Night Rathfarnham (Sir Adam Lof-
tos'j Houfe) lately taken by the Enemy, was regained;
and the Soldiers, in Number about J even Score, enter-
tained into the Parliament's Service, profejjing their
Abhorrence to accompany any longer vjith thofe bloody
Irifh Rebels, and that they were forced to do what
they did ; andthat hereafter they would live and die
"with us.
Nor did their Fears leave them till they had alfo
quitted Maynogth, (the Earl of KildareV Houfe,
and
Of E N G L A N D. 167
and one of tbejirongeft Places in Ireland) the Naas, Inter-regnum.
Donahedy, and Richardftown, each twelve Miles at
lea ft diftant from Dublin. *"" TV~T-'
IT J r* • T i j i'i ; • i Anguft.
Never was any Day in Ireland like tbts^ to the
Confufion of the Irifh, to the raifing up the Spirits
of the poor Englifh, and to the reftoring cf the
Englifh Inter eft; which , from their fir ft Footing in
Ireland, -was never in jo low a Condition as at that
very Injlant; there not being one considerable Landing-
place left us but this alone^ and this almojj gone,
4 Upon the Confideration of all which, the Par-
* liament, for the Manifestation of their high and
' extraordinary Senfe of fo fignal and feafonable a
* Mercy, have thought it fit, and their Duty, to fet
* a-part .a Time for public and folemn Thankfgi-
' ving, to be rendered to the Lord, the Author of
* that Mercy : And they do therefore EnacT: and
' Ordain, That Wednesday, the 2gth of this in-
' ftant Auguft^ fhall be obferv'd and kept as a Day
* of public and holy Rejoicing and Thankfgiving;
' to the Lord, in all the Churches and Chapels,
* and Places of divine Worfhip, within this Com-
* monwealth of England^ Dominion of Wales, and
' Town of Berwick upon Tweed; and that the
* Minifters of the refpe£tive Pariflics and Places
c aforefaid, be and hereby they are required and
4 enjoin'd to give Notice on the Lord's Day next
' preceding the faid 2Qth of Au.guft^ of the Day
* fo to be obferved, to the end the People of their
* feveral Congregations may the more generally
* and diligently attend the public Exercifes of God's
« Worfhip and Service there to be difpenfed upon
« this Occafion j at which Time, that the People
' may be more particularly and fully informed of
' this great Deliverance and Succefs, the faid Mi-
' nifters are hereby required to publilh and read
' this prefent Adi and Declaration.
« And for the better Obfervation of the Day, the
' Parliameat doth hereby inhibit and forbid the
* holding or ufe of all Fairs, Markets, and fervile
* Works of Men's ordinary Callings upon that
* Day:
1 68 cfke Parliamentary HISTORY
.-num. ' Day : And ail Mayors, Sheriffs, Juftices of Peace,
1649. * Conftables, and other Officers, are hereby enjoin'd
c — v— — ' * to take efpecial Care of the due Obfervance oi
* the laid Day of Thankfgiving accordingly.'
One thoufand Pounds per Ann, in Lands, was
fettled, by an Act, upon Lieutenant-General 'Jones ,
and his Heirs ; alfo fix of the King's bed Horfes
were given to him, as a Reward for this great Service
in Ireland. Nothing more of Moment done till
Aug. 23. When we find that a Complaint war-
made to the Council of State, and by them refer-
red to the Houfe, of many Engltjh Merchants tra-
ding to France, That the French King had forbid
the Importation into that Kingdom of all Sorts of
Draperies of Wool or of Silk, made either in
England or Holland ; and had inhibited all his Sub-
jects from buying or ufmg them, under fevere Pe-
nalties, contrary to feveral Treaties, there recited,
then fubfifting between the two Nations : That, in
confequence of this Declaration, feveral of our
Englijh Cloths were feiz'd at Diepe, and none durft
claim them ; and that the Englijh Merchants were
put into fuch a Condition, that their Factors durft
not write to them, for fear their Letters fhould be
intercepted, and bring them in Danger for only a
bare Relation of the Fact.
Fnr.cb Wines Thefe Matters being proved by the Merchants,
and divers Ma- the Houfe refolved, 4 That all Wines of the
of France, and all Manufacture's of Wool
be imported. and Silk: made in that Kingdom, be inhibited to be
imported into England or Ireland, or the Domi-
nions belonging to them, under the Penalty of
Confifcation of Ship and Goods. An Act was
afterwards pafled to this Purpofe, and ordered to be
proclaimed at the Royal Exchange, Guildhall, &c.
Aug. 30. The Commons took into Confidera-
tion the feveral Salaries and Fees due to their Offi-
cers attending the Houfe, and fettled the fame ; the
Particulars whereof are put down in the Journals.
Aug.
Of ENGLAND. 169
Aug. 31. The Houfe having been informed that inter-regnum.
Sir John Wintour, Sir Kenelm Digby, and Mr. l649-
Walter Montague, (Perfons of whom frequent ^ — *~T~^
Mention has been made in the Proceedings of this epteir
Parliament) had been fccn in Town ; they ordered
the firft to be apprehended, imprifoned, and pro-
ceeded againft according to Law; and the two
latter to depart the Kingdom, never more to re-
turn, without Leave of the Parliament, on Pain of
Death and Confifcation of their Eftates.
September 4.. The Houfe began this Month with
a public Charity, by palling an A£l for the Relief
of fuch infolvent Debtors as mould fwear them-
felves not worth 5 /. but they added a moft partial
Provifo, ' That it mould not extend to any Perfons
who had been in Arms againft the Parliament :'
However this laft was not carried without a Divi-
fion, Yeas 18, Noes 17; for Col. Thompfon, who
was in the Houfe when the Queftion was put, and
had withdrawn, being called in, and required to give
his Vote, declared for the Affirmative, fo the Adi:
pafled ; whereby many poor Wretches, no doubt,
were left to rot in Goal, who had fpent their For-
tunes in the Service of their King, and were now
fo unhappy as to be thrown there by their merci-^" A^ Pafs><1
, r ^ y* for Relief of in-
lefs Creditors. folvent DebtorSi
The Parliament did nothing now for feveral Days &c.
worth Notice, fome A&s excepted, which were
pafled ; as, one for the taking off" an Impofition of
four Shillings on each Chaldron of Coals, which
had been long paid at Newcaftle ; and another for
prohibiting Brewers to brew, for Sale, any Ale or
Beer above ten Shillings the Barrel, befides the
Excife.
Sept. ii. The Parliament was not yet altoge- Mutinies and
ther free from Alarms : For they had Intelligence Jnfurreftions at
of a great Mutiny in the Garrifon at Oxford, which °£frd>
was ordered to be inquired into. A much greater^' a
Infurre&ion happened alfo at Norwich, in which
many
Inter- I'gnutn.
1649.
September.
170 The Parliamentary HISTORY
many People were flain ; and Mr. Utthjgy the
Mayor, and one Mr. Tuolyt were voted grand De-
linquents, and ordered to be lent for as fuch by the
Serjeant at Arms attending the Houfe. They were
afterwards fined and imprifoned in the Fleet ; the
former looo/. and three Months Confinement ;
the latter 5OO/. and fix Months.
Nor was the Parliament without their Fears near-
er home, as appears by a Paper read in the Houfe,
intided, An Outcry of the young Men and Appren-
tices of London : As they had had enough to do
with this Sort of People lately, it gave them the
greater Alarm ; and they ordered Commiffions to
be iffued out, under the Great Seal, for trying fuch
Perlons as had been Contrivers, Promoters, or
Publifhers of the faid Paper, on their newAdt re-
lating to Trcafon.
Sept. 20. This Day the A& aeainft unlicenfed
An Aft pafs'd anc^ fcanc^lous Books and Pamphlets, and for bet-
for regulating the ter regulating the Prefs, was read a third Time and
Preii. , paft'd. This A61 is a fufficient Evidence, if there
was not another, of the greateft Pretenders to Li-
berty being no fooner inverted with Power, than
they degenerate into the mod abfolute Tyrants j
and that the People, who had complained of being
chaftifed with Whips by their Kings, were now to
be chaftifed with Scorpions by thole who were but
lately their Fellow-Subjeas. But an Abftra6t
of this Adi will be the beft Defcription of it. The
Preamble runs thus :
* Whereas divers fcandalous, feditious, and li-
* bellous Pamphlets, Papers, and Books are daily
6 contrived, printed, vended, and difperfed, with
* officious Care and Induftry, by the Malignant
* Party at home and abroad, for the better com-
* pafling of their wicked Ends, the Subverfion of
' the Parliament and prefent Government ; which
* they well know cannot with more Eafe be at-
' tempted, than by Lyes and falfe Suggestions,
' cunningly infinuatcd and fpread amongft the
' People
Of E N G L A N D. 171
* People ; and, by malicious Mifreprefenta'dons of Inter- regnum.
' Things acted and done, to take ofF and divide l649-
* their Affections from that juft Authority which is ^ v~T~t
< fet over them for their 'Good and Safety ; to S*ttB
' bring a low and mean Efteem upon the Perfons,
' and a Sufpicion and Hatred upon the Courfes and
' Intentions, of the faithful Members of the
* People's Reprefentative in Parliament, and of
* other Minifters of State, ferving the Common-
« wealth in their feveral Subordinations ; efpecially
* fuch who are moft conftant and confcientious in
' Difcharge of their Truft, and are therefore be-
« come the utmoft Object of their wretched Spleen
' and Malice : And whereas a great Occafion of
' thefe Mifchiefs and Scandals, and Diflatisfadtion
' of many, hath been as well the Ignorance and
< affumed Boldnefs of the weekly Pamphleteers,
c without Leave or due Information, taking upon "
' them to publifh, and at Pleafure to cenfure, the
' Proceedings of Parliament and Army, and other
' Affairs of State ; as alfo the Irregularity and Li-
« centioufnefs of Printing, the Art whereof in this
* Commonwealth, and in all foreign Parts, hath
* been, and ought to be, reftrained from too arbi-
' trary and general an Exercife : To prevent the
* many Mifchiefs inevitably following thereupon,
' the Parliament of England^ duly confidering the
* Premifes, and willing to apply fit Remedy here-
' in, do enadr., bV.'
The moft material Claufes are,
' That the Laws made formerly, and now in
Force, for Punifhment of Devifers and Spreaders
of falfe and feditious News, Lyes, and Rumours,
by writing, printing, fpeaking, or otherwife, fhall
be put in due and diligent Execution.
c That no Perfon whatfoever fhall prefume to
make, write, print, publim, fell, or utter, or caufe
fo to be done, any fcandalous or libellous Books,
Pamphlets, Papers, or Pictures whatfoever, on the
Penalties following, viz. the Author of fuch
Books, &c. to forfeit io/. or be imprifoned in the
common Goal of the County or Liberty where
the
172 The Parliamentary HISTORY
the Offence is committed, or the Offender fhal]
found? untill he pay the fame, fo that the Im-
prifonment exceed not 40 Days ; the Printer to
forfeit 5 /. and fuffer the like Impriibnment untili
he pay the fame, not exceeding 20 Days ; and like-
wife have his Prefs and Implements of printing
feized and broken in Pieces : The Book-feller to
forfeit 40 s. or be imprifon'd in like Manner untiii
he pay the fame, not exceeding 10 Days.
' That if any Perfon happen to buy any fuch
feditious Books, £?V. and do not within 24. Hours
after Knowledge thereof, bring them to the Loid
Mayor of London, (if the Buyer's Refidence be
there) or to fome other Juftice of the Peace with-
in the County, City, or Liberty where fuch Buyer
fhall then happen to be, to be difpoied of as by this
A6r, is afterwards mentioned j and give Notice like-
wife of the Party of whom he had or bought the
fame, he (hall forfeit for every fuch Omiiiion the
Sum of 20 s. for every fuch conceal'd Book, &c.
to be difpofed of as after-mentioned?
' That no Perfon fhall compofe, write, print,
publilh, fell, or utter, or caufe fo to be done, any
Book or Pamphlet, Treatife or Sheet of News
whatfoever, unlefs licenfed, as hereafter mention-
ed, upon the like Penalty as upon the Maker, Wri-
ter, Printer, and Bookfeller refpecSiively, of fcanda-
lous Books and Pamphlets, both for Fine and Im-
prifonrhent, as herein before appointed.
' That a!l former Licenfes, granted by Autho-
rity of both or either Houie of Parliament, to any
Perfon for printing any Diurnal, News, or Occur-
rences, fhall be from henceforth void ; and no
Book,£SY. fhall henceforth be printed, or put to Sale
by any Perfon whatfoever, unlefs firft licenfed un-
der the Hand of the Clerk of the Parliament, or
of fuch Perfon as fhall be authorifed by the Coun-
cil of State for the Time being ; or for fo much
as may concern the Affairs of the Army, under
the Hand of their Secretary for the Time being ; the
fame to be entered in their feveral Regiflers, to
be kept for that Purpofe j and alfo in the Regifter
of
Of ENGLAND. 173
of the Company of Stationers ; and the Printer inter-regmim.
thereof to put his Hand thereto. l649-
* Provided that the Penalties herein exprefs'd ^T^v^-'
fhall not extend to quit any Perlbn that (hall make,
write, csV. or caufe fo to he done, any Book, &c.
that fhall contain any feditious, treafonable, or
blafphemous Matter ; but the Offenders in fuch
Kind (hall be liable to fuch farther Penalties, as by
the Laws of the Land are provided, or by Autho-
rity of Parliament fhall be judged, according to
the Quality of fuch Offences.
' That the Mafter and Wardens of the Com-
pany of Stationers, London^ affifted with fuch Per-
fons as the Council of State fhall for that Purpofe
nominate or approve, fhall make diligent Search
in all Places where they fhall think meet, for all
unallowed Printing-Preffes, and all Prefles employ-
ed in printing of any fuch unlicenfed Books, &c.
as aforefaid ; and the fame feize and carry away
to the Common-Hall of the faid Company, there
to be defaced and made unferviceable ; and like-
wife make diligent Search in aii fufpected Printing-
Offices, Warehoufes, Shops, &c. for fuch unlicen-
fed and fcandalous Books, &c. and the fame to
feize ; and likewife to apprehend all Authors, Prin-
ters, £ffr. of fuch Books. &c. and to bring the
Offenders, and what they fhall have fo feized, be-
fore fuch Officers as are appointed for the Execu-
tion of this A6t, to be by them difpofed of accord-
ing to the Direction of the fame.
' That no Perfon whatever fhall prefume to fend
by the Poft, Carriers, or otherwife, or endeavour
to difperfe, any fuch unlicenfed Books, &c. on For-
feiture of 40 s. for every fuch Book, &c. or Impri-
fonment of the Offender, the fame not to exceed
40 Days ; the Penalty to be inflicted, the Mo-
ney to be difpofed of, and fuch Inquiry, Searches,
and Seizures touching the fame to be made, as in
the Cafe of felling unlicenfed Books, £ffr.
' No Printer, nor any other Perfon whatfoever,
(hall from henceforth print, or employ any Print-
ing-Prcfs, Rolling- Prefs, or any other Inftruments
for
1 74 The Parliamentary H I s T OR Y
Jnter-regnom. for Printing, in any Place of this Commonwealth*
1049. fave only in the City of London, and Liberties
*-— v— — ' thereof, the City of Tork^ and the two Univerfi-
September. tjgg^ (exceptjng fucn as fliau be particularly licen-
fed by fpecial Order of the Council of State) on
Forfeiture of 20 /. and having all their PJ inting-
Prefles, Letters, and Materials, defaced ; and fhall
alfo be for ever difabled to be a Matter-Printer, or
Owner of a Printing-Prcfs.
* Every Pi inter, or other Perfon, in London, be-*
ing the Owner of Printing-PrefTes, Rolling-Prefies,
or other Inftruments for Printing, (hall, before the
firft Day of Oflober^ 1649, enter into Bond, with
two Sureties, of 300 /. Penalty, to the Keepers of
the Liberty of England^ by Authority of Parlia-
ment, not to print, or caufe or fuffer to be printed,
any feditious, fcandalous, or treafonable Book, &c.
difhonourable to, or againft, the State and Govern-
ment ; nor any Book of News, &c. not enter'd
and licenfed as aforefaid ; and {hall alfo, to every
Book, &c. they fhall imprint, prefix the Author's
Name, with his Quality and Place of Refidence,
or at leaft the Licenfer's Name, where Licenfes
are required, and his own Name and Place of Re-
fiuence at Length, in the Title -Page, on Pain of
forfeiting io/. for every wilful Failing, and to have
all their Printing Materials defaced j and, for the
fecond Offence, to be difabled from exercifmg his
Trade of Printing.
' That no Perfon fhall hereafter fet up a Print-
ing-Prefs, Rolling-Prefs, or other Inftrument for
Printing, nor caft any Printing- Letters, before they
enter into a Bond as aforefaid ; nor fhall any Per-
fon let any Houfe, Vault, Cellar, or other Room,
for a Place to print in, unlefs he firft give Notice
thereof to the Mafter or Wardens of the Stationers
Company, on Forfeiture of 5 /. for every Offence ;
of which Intimation they are cnjoin'd to make an
Entry in their Regifter, on Pain of like Forfeiture
for every Omiiiion.
* That no Joiner, or other Perfon, (hall make
any Printing- Prefs or Rolling-Prefs, nor any Smith
{hall
Of ENGLAND. 175
ftiall forge any Iron-work for a Printing-Prefs, Inter-resnum
nor any Founder caft any Printing-Letters for any l6-*9-
Perfon whatfoever ; neither fhall any Perfon ini- V'~v~v
port, or cauie fo to be done, any Printing- Preffes
or Letters ; nor (hall any Perfon buy fuch Preffes
or Letters, unlefs he firft acquaint the faid Mafter
and Wardens for whom the faid Prefs, &c. are to
be made or imported, on Forfeiture of 5 /. for every
Offence ; of which Intimation they are to make
Entry as above.
' That no Perfon whatfoever fhall import any
fcandalous or feditious Books, &c. on Forfeiture
of 5 /. for every fuch Book, &c. nor fhall any Per-
fon land any imported Books at any Place but the
Port of London j and that no Packs or Chefts of
Books be permitted by any Officers of the Cuftoms
or Excife to be opened or conveyed away, before
the fame be viewed by the faid Matter and War-
dens, or fuch as they fhall appoint, on Forfeiture
of 5 /. for every Offence ; fo as they make the
laid View within 48 Hours after Notice ; which
they are required to make upon like Forfeiture for
every Omiffion.
' And for better Difcovery of malignant Book-
fellers, who make a Trade of vending and difper-
fmg to their Cuftomers in the Country, in Packets,
by the Poft, Carriers, &c. unlicenfed, fcandalous,
and feditious Books, &c. to the great Abufe of the
Parliament and Prejudice of the People, any two
Magiftrates intrufted with the Execution of this
A£t, fhall have Power, upon any juft Occafion of
Sufpicion, to grant Warrants for fearching of
Packs and Packets, and feizing the fame, to the end
the Penalties may be levied thereupon : And that
all unlicenfed Books, &c. to be feized by Virtue of
this Act, fhall, after Condemnation of the Offen
der with whom they are taken, or to whom they
belong, be brought to the Secretary to the Coun-
cil of Slate, to be difpofed of to the Fire or other-
wife, as that Council fhall direct.
' That no Hawkers fhall be any more permitted,
and that they and all £al) ad -fingers, wherefoever
ap-
176 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum, apprehended, (hall forfeit all Books, &c. by them
1649^ expofed to Sale ; and {hall be conveyed to the
^ou^e °f Correction, there to be whipt as com-
mon Rogues, and then difmifled ; and where no
fuch Houfe of Correction is, they {hall be deliver-
ed over to the Conftable of the Liberty where they
are apprehended, to be whipt as common Rogues ;
on Forfeiture of 40 s. for the Neglect of his Duty
herein.
' That whatfoever Penalties in Money {hall
be levied by the Company of Stationers, one neat
Moiety thereof lhall be referved for the Ufe of their
Poor, and the other for the Ufe of the Common-
wealth.
« All Officers, Civil and Military, Soldiers, and
other well -affected People, are enjoin'd to be af-
fifting in the Execution of this Act ; and the Coun-
cil of State {hall have Power to enquire into all
wilful Defaults, and Contempts of Officers or
others ; and to reward Profecutors or Difcoverers
of Offenders.
' Profecutions to be commenced within fix
Months ; and the Act to continue in Force till the
20,th of September, 1651.'
The reft of the Proceedings of the Houfe, for
this Month, are very little to our Purpofe, run-
ning moftly on the Sale and Divifion of Crown
and Church Lands amongft themfelves and their
Friends. On the 2yth a Report was made from
the Council of State, to the Houfe, that they found
the Tax of 90,000 /. per Menfem was not fuffici-
ent for the Pay of the Army ; and that for the
Support of it the Council had charged Monies on
the Receipts at Goldfmiths- Hall : That at prefent
Monies did not come in there, for want of perfect-
ing fome Compofitions depending. The Houfe
therefore ordered, That the Committee at Gold-
fmitks-Hall {hould fif that Afternoon, and fo de
Die in Diem till thofe Compofitions were finiflied ;
that Supplies might be had from thence, feafonably,
for the NecelHties of the Army.
The
Of E N G L A N D. 177
The laft Thing material done in the Houfe this Interregnum.
Month, was to read and agree to a Declaration, for l649'
vindicating; all the late Proceedings of theParlia- VT""V"T""1
& *-ii c c u- i i • i September.
ment ; every Claufe of which, being put to the
Queftion, was pafs'd on the 28th, ordered to be
forthwith printed and publifhed, and to be dif-
perfed into the feveral Counties, in fuch Manner
as the Council of State fhould order.
^DECLARATION of the PARLIAMENT of ENG-
LAND, in Vindication of their Proceedings^ and
difcovering the dangerous Prafiices of feveral In-
terejls againjl the prejent Government and Peace
of the Commonwealth*.
( TTQW greatly it hath pleafed God, even byTheParliament'*
e J |_ a continued Series of Miracles and Won-!Jeclamion in_
' ders, to exalt his own Name, and glorify hfeJSnSSU?
c mighty Power in the Eyes of this and our Neigh- ings; fife.
c bour Nations, by the conftant Courfe of Deli-
* verances which he hath wrought for thefe many
* Years late paft, on the Behalf of a finful and
c undeferving People, and by the Means of weak
c and unworthy Inftruments, we can never fre-
* quently enough remember, nor be fufficiently
e thankful for : Their Rock hath not been as our
' Rock, even our Enemies themfehes being Judges.
' And, indeed, this wonderful Going-forth of
£ the good Hand of God with us, and for us, hath
c been that principally which hath fupported us,
' and borne us up above all thofe fwelling and mul-
4 tiplied Waves that have followed one upon ano-
' ther, and hath made us to ftand againft the many
' Storms and Aflaults wherewith we have been at-
' tempted by all Sorts of Parties and Interefts
* amongft us ; who, dividing and withdrawing
* themfelves from public Ends, do all of them*
6 notwithftanding, (becaufe a£ted by one Principle*
6 even the Power of Darknefs) make fhift fo far to
* underftand each other, as, when Opportunity
' ferves, to take one another by the Hand, for
VOL. XIX. M « ftrength-
b Printed by John Field for Edward HufianJf, Printer to the
Parliament of England,
378 ¥he Parliamentary H i s T o R y
' ftrengthen'mg and upholding themfelves, in prac-
* tiling and contriving, under ieveral fpecious Pre-
* tences, againft the Good, Peace, and Safety of
September. t ^ Whofe> We hayc becn like untQ the Buftl
« in the Midft of Flames ; but, by the Good-will
' of him that dwelt in the Bufh, we have not been
' confumed ; and, like the Remnant left by God
s in the Land, which though he will caufe to pafs
* through the Fire, yet it is to refine them as Sil-
* ver is refined, and to try them as Gold is tried,
* that he may make them a People who jball call
* upon God, and he will hear them ; and of whom
' God (hall fay, They are my People, and they Jhull
' fay, The Lard is our God.
' By this fecrct Confidence and Expectation of
* our Hearts, wherein we hope we fhall not be dif-
* appointed, and, through the good Providence of
* God, we have been kept together, even to this
* very Day, as weak Inftruments in the Hand of
c our great God, ferving our Generations, and dif-
4 charging the high Truft of our Places, whatever
1 the Difcouragements and Difficulties have been
* that we have met with, and Dangers that have
' threatened us on every Side ; fuch as we may
* truly fay, former Ages can hardly parallel ; and
* fuch as were not to have been expected, efpecially
* from thofe who had made fo great a Progrefs in
* Conjunction with us againft the common Knemy,
* and in vindicating and aflerting the Purity of
* Religion and public Liberty.
' For, when firft of all we came to be engaged
* in carrying on this great and glorious Work of
* Religion and public Liberty, how lively and un-
* corrupted were our Affections ? How fatisfied
* and unanimous were our Judgments ? How fix'd
e and undaunted our Refolutions in that which ap-
* peared to us fo necefiary, fo juft, and fo worthy
* to be undertaken by true Patriots and good Chri-
' ftians ? We did therefore run well ; but who, or
* what, hath hindered us that we feek not ftill to
* obtain what at firft we thought fo defirable, with-
* cut giving back or turning afide untill the Work
'be
Of E N G L AN D. 179
* be perfected, and the Perfons engag'd in the Pro- inter-regnuir,
' fecution thereof be fecured againft the Enmity 1649-
' and Revenge of thofe that are rather made more v*— ~ v— -'
' implacable, than converted, by all the Deliver- Sc?temfccr'
* ances that God hath wrought for us, and the
* Teftimonies of Difpleafure againft them, as often
* as they have rifen up and fet themfelves againft
* us ?
' Whatever the great Failings and Infirmities
' have been, and do ftill daily difcover themfelves
' amongft us, that hold it onr Duty to give our
' Attendance upon our Truft in Parliament, fo
* long as Opportunity is offered unto us for the
* fame ; we can truly fay, That as Religion in its
' Purity, and public Liberty, were the Ends which,
6 from the Beginning, we had before our Eyes
c when we engaged in this great Work, fo are they
4 ftill our Defires and Endeavours ; the comfort-
6 able Fruit whereof we would willingly have to be
' reaped by this Nation, at leaft in their fucceed-
* ing Generations, if it were the Will of God ;
* and the Profecution of this, and this only, (how-
* ever we are reproached, and unjuftly vilified by
' flanderous Tongues and Pens) is that which keeps
4 moft of us together at fuch a Time, when, as in
' the Cafe of Hefter^ we fee, if we had done other-
* wife than we have done, and deferted our Sta-
* tions, and caft up the Helm, the vifible Means
* of carrying on the Work had failed, and funk
* down into certain Diforder and Confufion.
' But whether there hath not been found a ma-
* nifeft Defection and Apoftacy from thefe good
« and public Ends, by thofe that at the firft did
* bear the Name of Patriots and Lovers of Religion
' amongft us, we appeal to the Actions and Ways
' themfelves, which fuch Perfons have flnce ap-
' peared in, that do fufficiently evidence againft
' them, and declare them the Builders up again of
* what they once joined in the Deftrudlion of; and
* fo do make themfelves TrangrefTors, and ftand
* in Need of no other Confutation and Convic-
* tion.
M ? 'Among
180 ¥he Parliamentary HISTORY
6 Among the Number of thofe we reckon them
4 that, either under Pretence of advancing Refor-
* mation of Religion, can go back and incorporate
Septem er. c themfeives with the avowed and known Haters of
' God, and Enemies to the Life and Power of Ho-
4 linefs ; or that, under Pretence of bringing us
4 into the Perfection of public Liberty, can fetch
4 a Compafs quite round, and make the bringing
4 in again of Monarchy into this Commonwealth,
4 to be the only Means of fettling it in Freedom.
4 The A&ors in fuch Defigns as thefe carry the
4 Evidence of their own Conviction in their Fore-
4 head, unto all that are not wilfully blind, or ma-
4 licioufly corrupt ; and therefore would feem to
e ftand in no great Need of much Pains to be taken
4 to undeceive them.
* And however it hath been the good Pleafure
* of God to fuffer thofe that have been formerly
* instrumental and Helps to us in this great Caufe,
* thus, by Steps and Degrees, to fail, and fall off"
4 like untimely Fruit ; yet herein hath he fhewed
4 his wonderful Goodnefs to this Nation, that their
4 deferting of us, and breaking from us, hath not
4 hitherto been able to keep the Work itfelf at a
* Stand, but that it is ftill carried on 3 wherein we
4 rejoice.
* And, on the contrary, the Time wherein they
4 afforded their Afliftance and Help hath been im-
4 proved by God's over-ruling Providence, to bring
4 us much nearer to our Journey's End than ever
4 we could have expected, though the Ship fliould
1 hereafter mifcarry in the very Harbour ; which
4 God forbid. And, for our Parts, the larger Ex-
4 perience which we have had of God's conftant
4 owning and feafonable aflifting us in our greatefl
c Straits and moft imminent Dangers ; and the feri-
4 ous Confideration that the Work itfelf is of that
e Nature as requires and obliges us, and all good
* Men, to the utmoft, to offer up ourfel ves in the Sa-
* orifice and Service thereof, as we defire to approve
4 ourfel ves fincere in our Obligations to God, and
* faithful in our Trufts to this Nation j we do re-
* folve,
Of E N G L A N D. 181
' folve, through God's Afliftance, to caft ourfelves Inter-regnum.
' upon his favourable Acceptance of our Endea- l649'
* vours in perfevering to the End, and his Protec- ^sTtembT1
' tion of us in our doing our Duties, let the Iflue
' be what feems beft to his Divine Providence,
c whether for Life or for Death.
« And that we may not be wanting in what we
' are able, for the awakening of all thofe whom it
* doth concern unto the fame Senfe of their Duty
' in this Behalf with ourfelves, we {hall briefly lay
* before them the happy Progrefs that, thro' God's
* Goodnefs, hath been made, in procuring the
' Bleflings of pure Religion and juft Liberty unto
* this Nation, notwithftanding all the Reproaches
« and unthankful Murmurings of ill-minded Men;
' and wherein, we are hopeful, to grow up to
' whatever remains yet unperfe£ted, if there be
4 but anfwerable Readinefs in thofe, whom the
4 Good of this as much concerns as ourfelves, to
' ftand by us, and join with us, in attaining the
* fame againft thofe many hellifh Defigns and
< curfed Practices that are now on Foot, to plunge
e us again into new Troubles, and give greater
' Advantage than ever to the common Enemy, by
* our Divifions and Breaches, to come upon us as an
* irrefutable Flood, with Tyranny, Popery, Su-
* perftition, Profanenefs, and whatever elfe we
' have fo dearly contended againft for fo many
* Years together.
' And, firft, as to advancing of Religion to its
* greateft Degree of Purity ; can any be unmind-
' ful in what a corrupted and degenerate State we
' found the Matters of Religion, at the firft Sitting
' of this prefent Parliament ? How near the whole
' Adminiftration of Church- Affairs was brought to
* the fuperftitious and idolatrous Pattern of Rome }
' and how quickly we fhould have found ourfelves
c fwallowed up in that finful and wretched Apofta-
' cy ? For our Recovery out of which Danger, how
* careful and zealous hath the Parliament been to
< propagate and advance the Work of Reforma->
« tion in thefe Nations ; propounding to themfelves,
M 3 * for
182 tte Parliament dry HISTORY
« for their Guide herein, the Word of God and the
* beft Reformed Churches ? In which Work, how
' happily and comfortably did they proceed, whilft
4 we" were purging and reforming the Evil of
' Popery, .Superitition, and Profanenefs ; in which
' there was a common Confent and Agreement of
' all thofe that unfeignedly defired the Enjoyment
' of Religion in its greateft Purity: But when once
' there appeared amongft us (and this from feme of
' thofe who moft earneftly put on the Work of Re-
' formation, untill it arrived to their own Meafure
' and Growth) anlmpatiency toward any of differ-
' ing Minds from themfelves, however otherwife
' truly fearing God, and faithful Advancers of his
' Glory ; and a Fearfulnefs in them of going for-
' ward, left that which was beyond them, and as
' necefiary to be known and attained to lead us to
' the Enjoyment of Religion in its Purity and
4 Power, fhould take Place; whereby it might ap-
' pear, that the Reformers of Popery and Profane-
4 nefs flood themfelves in Need of Reformation,
' by his Appearance and Manifestation of himfelf,
' who fits as a Refiner and Purifier of Silver , and
* Jhall purify the Sons of Levi, and purge them af
' Gold and as Silver, that they 'nay offer unto the
* Lord an Offering in Righteoufnefs. When this
c Frame of Spirit appeared amongft us, then all
'further Degrees and Mealures of attaining unto
* Religion in its Purity would not be borne ; but
* muft be branded with the foul Names of Herefy,
* Blafphemy, and Schifm ; and the Perfons be de-
cclared and proceeded againft as Enemies to Re-
* formation, as Difturbers of the Peace, and as fit
* Objects of the Magiftrate's Difcountenance and
' Punimment.
' And fuch was the implacable and irreconcilable
*• Temper of thefe Men towards thofe differing
'•from them, that were defirous to carry on the
fc Purity of Religion beyond their Meafure, that
1 many of them chofe rather to fall into the Power
' of the Cavalier and Epifcopal Party, and became
* inftrumental to the bringing in of the late King,
' upon
1649.
September.
Of ENGLAND. 183
upon the Treaty at the Ifle of Wight ^ (fo much inter-regmim
fince declared againft by the Church of Scotland^
as deftructive to the Work of Reformation fet-
tled in thefe Nations) than thut they would join
with thofe they reputed Sectaries, in their Endea-
vours to carry on the W6rk they firft engag'd in,
to that Degree of Perfection as became them, af-
ter fo much Blood and Treafure expended in the
Profecution of it.
' In this Condition was the Woik of Reforma-
tion when the Treaty of the Ifle of Wight Joy God's
over-ruling Providence, came to be broken orFj
that is to fay, in a Manner yielded and refigned up
into the Power of the Enemies thereof, and refufed
to be carried on by them that were the moft zea-
lous Promoters thereof at firft ; altho' it had plea-
fed God to make a Way for the fame, by continu-
ing together a competent Number in Parliament,
to hold up the vifible Authority of this Nation ;
and, by keeping their Places and Stations, to do
their Endeavours to profecute their firft Principles
and Ends, whilft God gave them any Opportunity
for the fame : Nay, we could wifh that they had
only remained paffive, and been contented to have
let others carried on the Work of Religion in its
Purity, tho' they themfelves held back; but this
would not ferve their Turn, unlefs they flew in
the Face of the vifible Authority of this Nation,
and took upon them to be Judges, whether we
were a lawful Magiftracy or not ; as if that were
within their Line, and committed to them to de-
termine.
' Yet hath not all this difcouraged this prefent
Parliament to do their Part in propagating the
Gofpel, and advancing the Purity and Power of
Religion in this Commonwealth ; but they have
continued thofe Laws and Ordinances that were
already in Force, for the Good and Furtherance
of the Work of Reformation, in Doctrine, Wor-
fhip, and Difcipline ; and are ftill moft willing
to uphold the fame, in order to fupprefs Popery,
Superftition, Blafphemy, and any Manner of
« Wick-
184 tte Parliamentary HISTORY
jnter-regnum. < Wickednefs or Profanenefs in the Land ; only
1649. < they <]o conceive themfelves obliged to remove
c——v^"~' * and take away all Obftrudtions and Hinderances
' « to the Growth of Religion and Power of Holi-
« nefs in the Midft of us ; and, for this End, they
* have it now under Confideration how fuch Acts
' and Ordinances, or any Part of them, as they
* find penal and coercive in Matters of Confcience,
' which have been made Ufe of for Snares, Bur-
' thens, and Vexations to the truly fincere-hearted
* People of God, that fear him, and wait for the
' Coming of his Son Jefus Chrift, may be taken
' away.
* And becaufe we are not ignorant how inju-
' rioufly our Proceedings herein are charged upon
' us, as if we were fetting up and countenancing
* an untverfal Toleration, when our true Aim in
' the Liberty we give, is only the necefTary En-
* couragement we conceive due to all that are Lo-
* vers of God, and the Purity and Power of Re-
* ligion : We can and do therefore declare, in the
' Sight of God and Man, That by whomfoever
< we mail find this Liberty abufed, we mail be moft
' ready to teftify our Difpleafure and Abhorrency
* thereof, by a ftrict and effectual Proceeding
* againft fuch Offenders.
' And if, after all this, any of thofe amongft us,
* that do profefs a Love to God, and Zeal to ad-
* vance Religion in its Purity, to be their chiefeft
« End andDefire, mail neverthelefs ftill fit at a Dif-
' tance from us, or mail be given up fo far by God,
* as to make Defection to the contrary Party
e againft us, and join themfelves to them that are
' open Enemies to Religion and the Power of God-
' linefs, in what Drefs foever they cover them-
' felves ; we (hall not doubt but their own Unfaith-
' fulnefs, deteftable Neutrality, and wicked Do-
* ings, will find them out ; and Enlargement and
< Deliverance mail arife to the People of God fome
« other Way, whilft they, their Names and Pofte-
« rities, {hall be deftroyed.
<As
Of E N G L A N D. 185
4 As far public Liberty, which is the fecond Inter-regn
* Thing; for the Vindication and Aflerting where- l649'
4 of we have not thought our L/ives nor Eftates,
* nor any other of thefe outward Comforts, too
* dear for us to hazard and expofe : In what a Con-
' dition that was at the Sitting-down of this Par-
* liament, how near it was to breathing its laft,
* and how little it wanted of being fwallowed up in
4 the Will of a Tyrant, is fo well known to all
* Men that then made any Obfervation of the
4 State of Things, or had any Senfe of their own
4 Sufferings, and will but now remember them,
4 that it fhall not be neceflary to repeat : And into
4 what a happy Condition it is already brought at
e prefent, by the Bleffing; of God upon the Coun-
f cils and Forces of the Parliament ; and how far
4 advanced, in a fair Way, to a fettled and well-
* eftablifhed Security for the future, though it will
4 not be confefled by unthankful Men (whofe In-
4 gratitude can value no Benefit received, be it ne-
4 ver fo great, while any Thing remains for their
4 exorbitant Defires to purfue) yet it is fuch as we
4 cannot but have a deep and tender Senfe of, and
4 acknowledge it with all humble Thankfulnefs to
4 our gracious God, who hath hitherto helped us;
4 unlefs we fhould {hew ourfelves lefs affected with
4 it than our Friends are, who are lefs concerned,
4 and yet look upon it with Rejoicing. And how
4 low Thoughts foever thefe Men have of the Pro-
4 ceedings of Providence in the Carrying-on of this
4 Caufe, yet the future Contemplation of the Ac-
4 tions of this Time, (for the Greatnefs and Juftice
4 of them hardly to be exampled in any other) will
* caufe Men to fay, What hath God wrought !
4 And our very Enemies themfelves {hew, that they
4 have other Opinions of it, being forced to feel
4 God's Hand lifted up, which they would not fee;
4 finking into Confufion, and gnafhing with their
4 Teeth, while they confume away in their Envy
4 at that Profperity which God hath clothed us
4 with from his own good Hand,
'And
1 86 7/je Parliamentary HISTORY
' And we arc very confident, that even thofe
1649. « Wi10 are now a£ting their Parts for their private
*^ ~v~ ' Ends, which they would bring about* by what
' Means Ibevcr, and remove whatever ftands in
* their Way, however either dear or facred ; and
* would deirroy this prefcnt Government, which
' doth and will hinder fuch Dcfigns fo long as it is
*• in being ; and they therefore endeavour to render
' vile, publifning daily againft it, and again ft many
' particular Men whom God hath honoured with
' Faithfulnefs to his Caufe, and made eminently or
' fpecially inftrumental to advance the fame, all
* Manner of fhamelefs Calumnies, lying Revilings,
' Slanders, and Reproaches ; as if, in this Time,
' nothing had been done toward this juft Liberty,
* nor that any Thing would be done, unlcfs they,
* like Abfolom^ could bring themfelves into Power,
* and undertake the Work according to thofe wild
* Principles of theirs, which they have publifhed
* in Print to that Purpofe ; which holds forth a
' Liberty without Property, public Safety, or Pro-
* teiSlion:
4 We fay, if thofe Men would but recall to their
* Confideration their own Hopes which they had
*• of Liberty in the Beginning of this Parliament,
• * and with how fmall a Proportion of what they
* now enjoy their then narrower Defires were
* bounded, they would confefs them to be far fhort
' of what is already had.
' But to let them pafs, who, being afted by par-
' ticular Intercft, have not left themfelves the Be-
* nefit of being convinced or di re&ed by common
*• and univcrfal Reafon, it was not then believed
' by moil of thofe, whofe Innoccncy and good
* Meaning is now dangeroufly abufed by the Ma-
Mignant Party (by Means of fome of thofe whom
4 they name Levellers^ whole fpecious Overtures
*• and former Pretenfions to Goodnefs have deceiv'd
*• them) that ever they mould have feen all that
* Ecclefiaftical Hierarchy, with all their tyrannical
* Courts and Attendants, the Star-Chamber, High
4 Com-
Q/ E N G L A N D. 187
4 Commiffion- Court, Ship-Moncy, Projects, Mo- Inter-regmm
4 nopolies and Purveyances, the Court of Wards l649-
4 and Tenures, and all the Dependences of it, vr"""~
4 which heretofore was a legal Peft to the free-born cptai
* People of this Nation, and the very Ruin of many
4 Families, together with the deepeft Root and
4 Foundation of all the People's Sufferings, even
4 Kingfhip and Tyranny itfelf, as well as the
* late King, mould be wholly taken away ; and
4 thereby (if God be pleafed to go on to blefs
4 us, and the Fault be not in the People them-
4 felves, fuffering themfelves to be made inftru-
4 mental to their own Miferies, by endeavour-
* ing to build again the Things that are deftroy'd)
* a fure Foundation laid for Time to erect upon it
4 the moft happy Structure of a juft Liberty and
1 fettled Profperity that may be expected in this
4 World, under the Direction and Government of
4 fucceflive and equal Reprefentatives in Parlia-
4 ment : Yet all this, and much more, hath been
4 'done fince the Beginning of this Parliament, and
4 to which we have been led by feveral Steps by
4 the Providence of God, directing our Councils
4 in feveral Degrees of Manifestation, and bleffing
4 our Forces for effecting of them, beyond what
4 was either firft propounded by us, or could rea-
4 fonably have been hoped to be brought to pafs ;
4 the very Difcovery of fo remote an End, in the
4 Beginning of the Action, had been fufficient to
* have difcouraged any Undertaking therein.
4 And although this great Progrefs hath been
4 made in the Vindication and eftabliming of our
4 juft Liberties, yet we do not fet up our Reft, as
4 if there remained no more to be done : And we
4 conceive they who duly confider of how great
4 Weight and Difficulty the Work is that we
4 have in hand, and will but inform themfelves
4 what hath been done now in eight Months, fince
4 the Reftitution of the juft Liberties of the People,
4 and the fettling of the prefent Government, will
4 not be offended that fomething remains to be
* proceeded in.
< They
iS8 7/fc Parliamentary HISTORV
ater-resiuKM. * They may take Notice that Ireland, which was
1649. < brought into fuch a Condition, firft by the Trea-
-" v~ ^ ' fon of Incbiquin, whereby the whole Province of
' c Munjier was loft ; then by the Return thither of
' Orniond, whereby moft of the Popifh Party were
' reconciled, and with whom a Peace was made
* for carrying on the Intereft and pretended Title
v of Charles Stuart. Thirdly, by the Rebellion of
' all the Scots in U/J?tr, upon the fame Intereft, and
* by the Revolt of many that were under the Com-
' mand of Lieutenant-General Jones ; all that re-
* mained to the Parliament there was only within
* the Walls of Dublin and Derry, and they both
• * ftrongly befieged ; yet, through the Bleffing of
' God, Ireland itfelf is now in a more hopeful
c Way of fpeedy fettling, than at any Time fmce
« the firft Rebellion.
' There hath been alfo, this Year, a great and
' powerful Fleet fet out to Sea, under faithful Com-
' manders, whereby Trade hath been protected,
' the Englijh Honour and Intereft upon their Seas
4 maintained, foreign Attempts againft us difcou-
* raged, and a great Reputation procured to our
« Affairs abroad.
' A free Paffage hath been alfo given to the
c Execution of Juftice, according to the Laws,
* throughout the Nation ; and the Peace thereof
* hath been prefervcd, notwithftanding many De-
' figns, and fome Endeavours, to drfturb it.
6 And, for what ftill remains to be done, we
' {hall, according to the great Truft that is upon
' us from the People, proceed therein for the pro-
' curing their common Good, which is the true
* and ultimate End of all juft Government ; and,
* by a right Aim at that, direct all our Actions,
* and not ceafe to improve our beft Judgments, and
* lay out our moft unwearied Labours, notwith-
' ftanding all Difcouragements either from Malice,
* Envy, Danger, or any other Caufe whatfoever,
' to promote the fame, fo far and fo faft as the
' Subject-Matter will bear; the Proceedings where-
* in ought to be judged fufficiently expeditious,
' that
" Of E N G L A N D. 189
* that are fufficiently fafe. And we {hould betray inter-rcgsocn
* our great Truft if we {hould fufter ourfelves, by 1649-
4 the impotent Hafte and Importunity of any, to do *— — v— -*
4 that which might be inconfiltent with the Peace SePtenaber«
4 and Safety of the whole.
« The great Work we have firft to do, is to
* eftablifh the Being and Safety of the Common-
4 wealth upon fure Foundations, which are under-
e mined by more Enemies than are vifible to all.
4 This provided for, we (hall not be wanting daily
4 to remove or add what {hall be for the Well-being
4 of it, either in Conveniency or Ornament ; for
4 the Enjoyment whereof we conceive the People
4 may with the greater Patience attend, becaufe
4 their prefent Condition is already fo much better,
* befides the Capacity of Improvement, than it was
4 in the beft of that Egyptian State, to which, by
* reafon of fome neceifarily remaining Preffures,
* they are too eafily feduced to an Inclination to
* return. To preferve them from which (becaufe
* we would not omit any Thing that is in our
4 Power, that may be for the Good of thofe who
* have trufted us) we fhall endeavour to undeceive
4 thofe of the People, whofe Innocency and Well-
4 meaning hath fubjected them to be deceived and
4 dangeroufly mifled, by the fpecious and fubtle
4 Infmuations of that Sort of Men, who, being
4 themfelves corrupted by the common Enemy, do
4 endeavour to bring the Nation again under the
4 Bonds of Tyranny and Monarchy ; and, while
4 they have nothing in their View but Liberty, are
4 deceived into thofe Actions and Practices which
4 tend naturally and necefiarily to the inevitable
4 Lofs of that Liberty they fo much call for, if they
4 {hould not be preferved againft their Will, by
4 thofe who know the Danger into which they
( run.
4 For this Purpofe we defire all Men to remem-
4 ber, that, at the End of the firft War, we had
4 not then an End of our Troubles ; but that Ene-
4 my which was beaten and conquer'd in the Field,
4 and could do no more by Force, had Recourfe to
< 4 fubtle
190 The Parliamentary HISTORY
inter- regnum. « fubtle Practices j and by corrupting a Party in
1649. < the Parliament, and by their Influence there, be-
*— \r— -f ' in£ fo corrupted, had almoft broken that Army
September. ? i • i i i_
* by which he was beaten.
c The fpecious P/etence was the Liberty and
* Eafe of the People ; they had long been under a
e War, opprefled and ruined with heavy Burthens,
' which it was now neceflary to eafe them of:
* What Benefit had the People by thofe Victories,
* and that Conqueft, if they muft Hill continue un-
« der the fame Charge ? There was now no more
* an Enemy in the Field, What Need was there
' of an Army to continue that heavy and unnecef-
' fary Charge upon the People ? By fuch Argu-
* ments, and by their Power, that Faction prevail-
' ed to vote the Difbanding of the Army, and vaft
' Sums of the Commonwealth's Trcafure was
* by them then wafted to effedt it ; thereby to
* make Way for the admitting of the then King
c to the re-exercifmg of that Power which had pro-
« duced fuch bloody and fatal Effects, and without
* any juft Satisfaction given to the People for the
' fame ; which how eafily and certainly it would
e have followed the Difbanding of the Army, is
' fufficiently evident by the breaking-out of the fe-
e cond War, then in Defign and Agitation.
' And although the fecond War was alfo, by the
* Blefiing of God upon the Endeavours of thofe
* who were faithful in the Parliament and Army,
* brought to an End ; and that Defign of Mifchief
* which was fo univerfally laid, and that came to
* Action in fo many feveral Parts of this Nation,
* (although aflifted with the Invafion of a nu-
* merous Army of a foreign Enemy, who had a
* deep Intereft in, and clofe Correfpondency with,
* a very great Party of all Sorts in this Nation) ef-
* fe&ed nothing of their main End, God being
' pleafed fo fignally to evidence his Indignation
* againft them ; yet it is very evident in what Con-
* dition the Liberty of the People had been, as to
' all human Support, if the Army had not been in
« a Readinefs to have oppofed that Defign, which
' that
Of E N G L A N D. 191
* that traiterous Party did fo vigorously drive on, inter-regnsm
' under the Pretence of eafmg their Burthens, to l649-
* leave them naked of all Defence a?ainir. the pre- ^ — v~~- •*
' pared Attempts of their Malice.
' This grand Defign of Mifchief is flill carried
* on, although by other Agents, and under ano-
* ther Pretence : The former Agents have now,
* neither Credit nor Power; and therefore, being
* able to contribute to that Caufe no more than the
* firft Malignants themfelves, they now appear
* not. Another Courfe is refolved and purfued ;
* they faw they were not able to beat the Army,
* nor difband it, nor perfuade the People they '
' might fpare it, fo they attempt to corrupt theDif-
6 cipline of it, and debauch the Fidelity of the pri-
* vate Soldiers, and make them theirs : And while,
4 the Endeavours are ftrong to re-eftablifh Monar-
* chy and Tyranny, and to make the People ab-
' folute Slaves, nothing is to be held out to them,
* but Liberty, and make them believe there is no-
' thing hinders it but the Parliament.
« And the apparent Actors in this muft be thofe
c called Levellers, none being fo fit as they to de-
* ftroy the People's Liberty unfufpected, if they
' once undertake it, as having endeavoured already
' (though there be little Caufe for it) to make them
' believe they are the only faithful Patriots, the Af-
' ferters and Maintainers of it. Some of thofe ha-
* ving made Defection from that Profeflion they
' fometimes made of Religion and Godlinefs, and
* having entertained Principles of Atheifm and Li-
* centioufnefs, and praitifed accordingly, found
* that the practifmg of thofe Principles would not
' be borne in a Commonwealth, under a good and
t juft Government, where Juftice hath its Courfe,
' and Property is maintained ; where Sobriety and
' Temperance is in Reputation, and the Purity
« and Power and Life of Religion and Godlinefs
' is countenanced and promoted.
4 And knowing that, if the pretended Intereft of
c Charles Stuart could be fet up, the Managing of
* it would be in the Hands of thofe that are of as
* atheiftical
192 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter- regnum. ( atheiftical and licentious Principles as themfelvesj
< and that they might in fuch a Government, with-
* oat either Shame or Danger, let out their Lufts
* without Controul, they have efpoufed that Inte-
4 reft, come oft to that Side, held Correfpondency
c with him and his Party: And in purfuance there-
c of have, for fome while paft, directed all their
4 Actions, to the Ruin of this Commonwealth,
* and Enflaving the People j whom they deceive, •
4 in the mean Time, with the Name of Liberty,
' with which they would cloak their own Licen-
4 tioufnefs.
. ' Thefe Principles and this Practice of theirs is
4 evident to all who obferve their Walkings and
4 their Correfpondency ; befides what, from the
c Abundance of their Hearts, flow from their Pens
4 in what they publifh to the World, take this Tef-
4 timony of an intercepted Letter, written from one
4 who hath been employed to corrupt them, and
4 thereby drive on the main Defign; it needs no
* Comment, it fpeaks plain, and is as follows :
May it pleafe your Lordfhips,
TOUR S of the third Injlant came to my Hand$
In return whereof know, that all our Hopes here
depend on his Jlfajefty's feeming Compliance with
Lilbourne and the Levelling Party> whofe Difccn-
tents increafe daily; without which it is impojjible
for any of his Party here to be ferviceable, unlefs
upon their Principles. For my own Part, I am
ferviceable to that End with my utmojl Abilities. I
have not been ivanting to endeavour the creating Jea-
laujies and Difcontents> thereby to ruin the moft po-
tent : In order whereunto I have caufed Lenthall,
the Speaker \ to be accufed by fome discontented Per-
fans, Prifonersy to whom I have been very prodigal,
bofh in Rewards and Promifes of Freedom ; info-
much that they have profecuted him fo cunningly that
many conjiderable Perfons, both in the Army and Cityt
are engaged therein. And to the end the Plot may
take to the Purpofe^ I have injinuated by my Agents^
into fome of the Levelling Party , that it is a Dejign
°f
Of E N G L A N D. 193
of the Grandees to remove him, to the end they may Inter-regnurr.
make their Lord-Preftdent, Bradfliaw, Speaker in
his Room ; which hath taken juch EffeEl among the
Jimple-hearted Levellers, that they, jo far as I can
apprehend, are refolved to join their Interejl with
the Speaker's, to prevent Jo great a Mijchief, as
they call it ; by which Means I doubt not but to ac~
complijh a Defign that Jhall pull down thofe two great
Pillars of their new Commonwealth.
As touching the State of Affairs here, in relation to
his Majefty, I find that his Friends increafe daily ,
(as to Matter of AffeSlion) but have no Pojjibility of
embodying, although fame Endeavours have been that
Way, unlefs the Levellers lead the Way \ which (al-
though fame Overtures have been made to prevent)
will be, I hope, fuddenly put in Execution. To that
Purpofe I defire fame AJJiftance may be given me ; for
without Supplies of Money little can be expected, thofe
I converfe with all being either extreme needy or co-
vetous. I have fent a faithful Agent over Sea, tit
fahite and attend the Motion of his Irifh Excellency*
I doubt not but Jhortly you will receive a good Ac-
count touching that Bujinefs. Sir, I pray be mindful
of him, that, as a Pr if oner for his Affeftion to the
Service of his Majejly, hath been wanting in nothing^
according to his utmoft PoJJibilities, that might ma-
nifeft his Loyalty to his King^ and Refpeft to your
Lordjhip. h T F
London, Fleet, Sept. 6, 1649.
1 The inner Cafe, in which the Letter was in- '
' clofed, indorfed thus, For 250, thefe.
' The outer Cafe thus, A Monjieur, Monjieur
' Robert Shamatte, au quatre Vents Rue perdue,
* proche la Place Maubert, a Paris. In which was
* written thus : Sir, I befeech you, as heretofore, con-
* vey the inclofed as direSled; the Performance hereof
' will exceedingly oblige Your Friend,
T. F.
VOL. XIX. 'N 'And
1» This Letter was intercepted two or three Days before the Mu-
tiny at Oxford brake forth. Notes in tbt Origine^
194 Th* Parliamentary HISTORY
4 And whereas the principal Means that God
* hath ufed to procure the Liberty we now enjoy,
4 hath been the Councils and Authority of the Par-
' « liament, and the Faithfulnefs of the Army : Thcfe
' Men have attempted upon both ; they have, by
* their falfe, feditious, and treafonable Invectives
' and Pamphlets, laboured to render the Parliament
' not only contemptible, but abominable to all
4 the People, that they might weaken and take off
' that RefpecT: and Reverence they owe to them,
' from whofe Obedience they defigned to debauch
' them, and fo be left without any vifible Power to
* direct them; and that this Commonwealth might
* run into tumultuary Confufions in the Infancy,
' and not grow up into any Meafure of Strength
* and Settlement, in the Hands of thofe whom
' God hath owned and ufed as Inftruments to
' bring the Work thus far; and who, by long Ufe,
* might reafonably be fuppofed to have gotten fome
' Experience in that great Work : All their En-
* deavours have been improved to procure a Diflb-
' lution of this Parliament, and the Calling of a
* new Reprefentative, pretending the People ought
* to have the Liberty of new and frequent Elec-
* tions ; though they very well know that, as the
< prefent Diftemper of the People was, the Vio-
* lence of Faction, and Activity of their fecret Enc
6 mies, either thefe Elections could not be free, or
c the People muft have loft their Liberty by it, which
' was theThing they had inDefignandProfecution.
' And to give them an Experiment how much
* Liberty they were like to have enjoyed under the
* managing of thefe Men, whofe Principles of
' Tyranny are as the Loins to the Little Finger of
* thofe whom they fo much cry down; that crude
* Conception of the Agreement of the People^ which
* was the firft Birth of a^vfr of themfelves, muft
' be obtruded upon them as a Super-parliamentary
' Law, without receiving and owning of which,
' no Man fhould have enjoyed thofe Liberties they
1 fo much boaft to be the unqueftionable Biith-
* right of every free-born Man*
«For
Of E N G L A N D. 195
' For the Army ; they knew the Officers were Inter-regnum,
* above their fecret Practice, they therefore apply to
e the Soldiers; and, by their Emiflaries every where,
' infufe into them their Do&rine of Difobedience.
' And knowing well how the Defign of Charles
* Stuart was laid for Ireland, and into what hope-
c ful Condition for his Party his Affairs were there
* grown, all their Endeavours were ufed to hinder
* the fending of Forces thither, to prevent his
* Greatnefs there, from whence he might have
* been confiderably dangerous to this Nation :
' They delivered for good political Doc-trine, That
' Ireland was a free Kingdom, bad been conquered
* by Force , had jujlly vindicated their own Liberty ,
* and ought not to be compelled to any Obedience or
' Subordination to this Nation; that the Soldiers
* ought not to fuffer themf elves to be tranfported thi-
' ther\ they had indeed fought for their own Liberty
' here, but ought not to be commanded out of their
e own to take away that of others. And what Effect
' this had, and how far and how long the Relief of
' Ireland was hindered by the Difobedience and
' Mutinies by them caufed, is very well known; fo
c as if God had not been pleafed, by no lefs than a
« Miracle, to give Viftory to a fmall Handful of
* our Men there, even befides their own Intention^
* and beyond their Defign, againft a very great Ar-
* my of the Enemy's, there had not been left a
* Landing-place in Ireland for our Army, but what
' they muft have fought for.
' They alfo continually fuggefted to the Soldiers,
c That the Parliament was a Neft of Tyrants, and
* therefore to be deftroyed as public Enemies ;
' with much more of this Kind, both publifhed
* in Print, and fo difperfed, and otherwife difiemi-
* nated among them ; and what Effects this Doc-
' trine wrought, the Defection begun in fome Re-
' giments in Wiltjhire and other Places, (though,
* by the Mercy of God, foon ended atBurford) and
* now lately at Oxford, hath fufficiently manifeft-
* ed ; which Difobedience, if it had proceeded
« further, and not been retrained by that fpecial
N 2 '• Pro-
196 The Parliamentary HISTORY
ater-regnum. * Providence which hath fct Bounds to the Sea
1649. * which it cannot pafs, we might Toon have been
"•g*"""v~ * without an Army, to have ferved the Common-
' * wealth againft their Attempts, who had laid their
' Defigns to appear then, when the Diftempers in
* the Army fhould be ready for them ; as at that
* Time the Surprize of I'feymviitb was appointed
' by Capt. Gardiner and his Accomplices, by Com-
4 miflion from Charles Stuart.
* And to the end alfo the Army might be the
' more eafily corrupted in its Difcipline, and made
' odious to the People, all Means are ufed to keep
* the Army at Free-quarter, whereby they might
* gratify Licentioufnefs, while Soldiers were un-
4 paid, and lo left to live atDifcretion ; they pur-
* fue the former Method, complain of Burthens,
* cry down Excife and Taxes, but not a Word of
* Danger ; they know without thefe, at prefent,
« an Army cannot be paid, or the Liberty of the
' People preferved : If this Art had fucceeded, and
* the People had abfolutely refufed to pay, the Ar-
* my mult either have come to Free-quarter, hea-
' vier than all Taxes, or muft have broken, and
' then the Commonwealth had been again a6tually
* in the Hands of Tyranny.
' To perfuade the People the better, they rc-
* prefent unto them what vart Sums are daily levi-
c ed; tell of many Millions, with a fufficient Mul-
* tiplication, that have been collected, of which no
' Account, they fay, can be given : That they are
* beyond all that ever was laid upon them by Mo-
* narchy in the worft of Times; and they leave no
' Way unattempted to aggravate every Inconve-
' nience,to make the People fenfible of their Smart,
' that they may throw away their Plaifter, and
' die of their Wounds : Indeed we cannot but ac-
' knowledge that the prefent Burthens are great,
' and we have Reafon ourfelves to be as fenfible of
' them as any others, having no Exemption from.
c them according to the Proportion of our Eftates,
( wherever they lie : And there is nothing that is
' more in our Defires and Endeavours, than that
• w«
Of ENGLAND. 197
1 we may be able to abate the Taxes, and, in inter-regmim.
' Time, to take them off", that the People might l649-
4 come to enjoy intirely the Fruit of that which *""""v""""""1
* hath coft them fo dear ; and we hope, through el>tem "'
' the Blelfing of God, difpofing the Minds of the
' People to a chearful Co-operation in this Work,
1 with a Calmnefs and Patience for a little while
' longer, there will be a happy End of thefe Trou-
* bles, and a fure Settlement of the Peace of this
' Commonwealth, in the true, good, and juft Li-
' berty of the People.
* But, for the better Prefervation of the People
* from the Diftempers that might arife from fuch
' Suggeftions, we defire them to conlider that if
* the Burthens they bear be great, yet by whofe
' Means, and for what Caufe, were they laid on ?
* Phyfic may be, and often is, more troublefome
* than the Difeafe ; yet the Tendency of the one
* is to Health and Recovery, the other to Death ;
' and from that Difference the Election is clear
* and eafy : And though the Art of reftoring a dif-
* located Joint is much more Torment than the
' quiet fuffering of the prefent Pain, yet every Man
* prefers thatTorment before Lamenefs. No Mari
* refufeth to procure Antidotes in Time of epide-
' mical Difeafes, though at very dear Rates, be-
' caufe it is for his Prefervation ; nor to buy Food
' and Cloathing, becaufe he cannot live without
* them. And we doubt not but, if Men would
* without Prejudice confider that they can no more
' live, or live free, without an Army, than without
* Food, as the prefent State of Affairs ftand ; and
' that they now are in Times of fuch general Di-
' ftempers, as that there is need of fuch a Remedy,
' they would be beyond the Danger of being fe-
* duced by thefe Pretences.
' And whereas the Liberty of the People is fo
6 highly cried up by thefe Deceivers, as being that
' for which Men muft thus adventure all ; we do
* acknowledge, that a juft and well-regulated Li-
* berty, under juft and good Laws that may pre-
* ierve it from Participation of, or degenerating
N 3 ' into,
198 The Parliamentary HISTORY
* into, Anarchy and Confufion, is a moft defirable
' Thing, and that which may deferve the utmoft
' Hazard of all that is dear to a Man ; but we de-
< ^ t^cm to confider, that this was feized into
' fuch Hands as it could not be purchafed from
' without a vaft Expence, nor fecured without
* Trouble and Charge ; which we therefore, tho'
* with a tender Senfe and with much Reluclancy,
* are, for the prefent, neceflitated to raife. Thole
* who cry out upon it, and would have all Bur-
' thens, all Taxes, taken off for the Liberty of the
* People, are thofe who at beft (if they be not pro-
' fefledly Enemies) are yet a&ed and abufed by
* them, as Inftrurnents to deftroy all our true Li-
* berties, to reduce us again under the Power of a
* worfe Tyranny, than we ever yet were under :
' And to this the People muft themfelves be made
* inftrumental, while they purfue an empty Name
* of that Thing, the PolFeflion whereof they al-
* ready have, and rnay keep and enjoy, if they
* will not be abufed by thofe who, under the Pre-
* tence of that Name, which is in itfelf moft de-
* firable, would bring into the Nation what in
* themfelves they have entertained, both in Prin-
' ciple and Praclice ; namely, Atheifm, Licentiouf-
* nefs, with Anarchy and Confufion of all Things.
' We have thought it neceflary, at this Time,
* to make this Difcovery of thofe Men, and to give
* this Warning of them ; and, God aflifling us,
* {hall not ceafe to watch againft, and fupprefs,
* all their Defigns, and oppofe all their Practices :
< And as our Duty is, in refpedl: of our great Truft,
* we lhall endeavour to make the People happy,
* and promote their Good ; and fhall not give over
* that good Work for any Difcouragements from
* the Unkindnefs and Unthankfulnefs of thofe for
< whom our Labours are intended.
' And if we have fuffered thefeDiftempers to pro-
* ceed thus far, and have not put forth the Power
* that refides in us to fecure the Commonwealth
* and good Patriots from the Dangers that are here
« repreiented -3 let it be confidered what weighty
Of E N G L A N D. 199
( Affairs have been upon us, and how much hath Inter-regnum.
' been done fmce we were a Commonwealth. :649>
* Befides that, the whole Body hath been in a Ions: <f7v-T~>
T^. . ,. J, . E> September,
' and dangerous Difeafe ; and it could not be ex-
* peeled but, though the Cure be perfect, yet many
' Humours would remain that might poflibly be ca-
4 pable to be altered ; and, being fo, be more pro-
* h'table to the Body than to be purged out ; and
* we thought it convenient to wait, if their better
* Confideration of Affairs, and of their Duty,
* would reduce them to a better Temper: But now
' finding fome incorrigible, and that our Tender-
* nefs to their Errors (which we would willingly
4 have called Miftakes) is interpreted to be Weak-
* nefs and Fear by thole that offend, and Slacknefs
e and Negligence by thole who are in Danger; we
* do hereby declare, That we have refolved to al-
c ter that Courier And as Juftice hath been lately
* done on fome at Oxford, in a Military and Mar-
* tial Way, who were fubject to that Jurifdi£tion,
*• and fhall be in like Manner on any other that
* fhall fo offend ; fo we have iffued fpecial Com-
* miffions of Oyer and Terminer^ for the fpeedy
' Trial of the Chief of thofe who have laid and car-
* ried on thofe dangerous Defigns ; and fhall be
' ready to fpare the reft for prefent, whofe Repent-
* ance and Sorrow for their paft Crimes may ren-
* der them capable of Mercy j and who fhall give
* fufficient Security, that they will not hereafter
' endanger or difturb the Peace of the Common-
« wealth. And we do alfo hereby declare, That
* as we fhall have in efpecial Efteem all good Pa-
' triots, and, for their juft Advantage upon all Oc-
* cafions, take Notice of thole who deferve well of ,
c the Commonwealth ; fo if any fhall hereafter
c pra£life againft the Commonwealth and the pre-
4 lent Government thereof, and fhall offend againft
' the Laws eftablifhed, of whatever Quality, Coa-
' dition, or Calling they are, there fhall be a fpeedy
' and fevere Proceeding againft them, without Fa-
' vour or Refpeft of Perfons ; that we may, fo far
< as God fhall enable us, fulfil the End of Magif-
zoo The Parliamentary HISTORY
' tracy, in being a Terror to the Evil-Doers, and
« for the'Praife and Encouragement of them that
« do well. £COBELLj Cler parL
The fame Day that the foregoing Declaration
was pafs'd, the Houfe ordered that it be referred
to the Council of State, to confider of fuch Per-
fons now in Prifon, or under Reftraint, as are fit to
receive Favour in purfuance thereof; and to give
Order for their Discharge, they fubmitting to the
Government now eftablifhed, and giving Security
not to endanger or difturb the Peace of the Com-
monwealth.
The Lord Mayer Oftober. This Month began with the Ceremony
of London pre-of preferring a new Lord Mayor of London to the
^l^fhe-; Houfe for their Approbation. This Affair having
.Approbation, never been pra&ifed before by the Commons, oc-
cafioned the more Formality about it, to ftand as a
Precedent for the future. Accordingly the Lord
Mayor ElecT: being call'd into the Houfe, the Re-
corder * made an eloquent Oration, as the 'Journals
exprefs it, reciting the great Providence of God, ia
thefe late Years, to the Parliament and Nation ;
and the conftant Affection of the City to the Par-
liament and the Caufe they engaged in ; Decla-
ring that the City had chofen Mr. Alderman Tho-
mas Foote^ to be Lord Mayor for the enfuing Year :
He gave a large Teftimony of the Fidelity, Inte-
grity, and Abilities of the faid Alderman, and his
Qualification for that great Office and Truft ; and
defired the Approbation of the Houfe to the faid
Eleaion.
Being all withdrawn and call'd in again, the
Speaker, by Direction of the Houfe, fpoke as fol-
lows :
My Lord Mayor Eletf,
c '\7'OU have been prefented unto the Parlia-
' j[ ment of England, by Mr. Recorder, for
* their Approbation ; and the Parliament of Eng-
4 land
a Mr. Stecle, who had been appointed to that Office on the Re-
rr.cv-i of Mr. Gljr.ne, one of the fecluded Members.
Of E N G L A N D. 201
* land have commanded me, in their Names, to Inter-regnum,
' declare unto you, That they do well approve and
' confirm the Choice of you to be Lord Mayor of v"^^~r
' the City of London for the Year enfuing : And,
* out of their Experience of your great Service and
' Fidelity to this Commonwealth and Parliament,
c and the Confidence they have of your Abilities
' for fo high a Truft, they are well pleafed that
4 fuch an eminent Stamp of Authority is fo fitly
' placed ; and they have ordered that you fhall be
' iworn accordingly.'
On the fecond of this Month the Houfe receiv'd
an Account from Ireland of the great Succefs of
the Parliament's Forces in that Kingdom. The
Particulars of which will beft appear from their
Lord-Lieutenant's Letters, as laid before them b.
For the Hon. WILLIAM LENTHALL, Efq-y Speaker
of the Parliament of England.
SIR, Dublin, Sep. 17, 1649.
1 '\7'QUR Army being fafely arrived at Dublin, Gen- Cromwe
< Y and the Enemy -endeavouring , tc > draw ^ all %
< his r orces together about Trym and Tecroghant Drogbed
' as my Intelligence gave me ; from whence £n-
' deavours were ufed by the Marquis of Ormond
£ to draw Owen Roe O'Neal with his Forces to his
* Afiiftance, but with what Succefs I cannot yet
< learn, I refolved, after fomc Refremment taken
« for our Weather-beaten Men and Horfes, and
' Accommodations for a March, to take the Field;
' and accordingly, upon Friday the 3Oth of Au-
* guft laft, rendezvous'd with eight Regiments of
* Foot, fix of Horfe, and fome Troops of Dragoons,
' three Miles on the North Side of Dublin : The
' Defign was to endeavour the regaining of Drogb-
( heda, or tempting the Enemy, upon his Hazard
c of the Lofs of that Place, to fight.
'Your
b From the original Edition, printed by John Field for Edward
JIuJbands, Printer to the Parliament of England, and publilhed by
their Order.
202 The Parliamentary HISTORY
* Your Army came before the Town upon
T^Wrty Allowing; where having pitched, as
v.-s taken as could be to frame
• h «x>ok up the more Time,
* becai . ~ - ...v . t.-::ng Guns were on
' Ship board. Upon Monday the Qth of this In-
* flant the Batteries began to play ; whereupon I
* fent Sir Arthur Afton^ the then Governor, a
* Summons to deliver the Town to the Ufe of the
* Parliament of England ; to the which receiving
* no fatisfa&ory Anfwer, I proceeded that Day
* to beat down the Steeple of the Church on the
* South Side of the Town, and to beat down a
* Tower not far from the fame Place, which you
* will difcern by the Chart inclos'd.
* Our Guns not being able to do much that
* Day, it was refolved to endeavour to do our ut-
« moil the next Day to make Breaches affaultable,
* and, by the Help of God, to ftorm them. The
* Place pitch'd upon was that Part of the Town
« Wall next a Church call'd St Marys ; which
< was the rather chofen, becaufe we did hope that
' if we did enter and poflefs that Church, we
* fhould be the better able to keep it againft their
* Horfe and Foot, untill we could make Way for
* the Entrance of our Horfe, which we did not con-
' ceive that any Part of the Town would afford
< the like Advantage for that Purpofe with this.
' The Batteries planted were two, one was for
« that Part of the Wall againft the Eaft End
< of the faid Church, the other againft the Wall
' on the South Side: Being fomewhat long in bat-
* tering, the Enemy made fix Retrenchments,
' three of them from the faid Church to Duleek
* Gate, and three of them from the Eaft End of
* the Church to the Town Wall, and fo back-
* ward. The Guns, after fome two or three hun-
4 dred Shot, beat down the Corner Tower, and
* opened two reafonable good Breaches in the Eaft
« and South Wall.
' Upon Tuefday the icih of this Inftant, about
6 five o'Clock in the Evening, we began the Storm,
4 and,
Of E N G L A N D. 203
c and, after fome hot Difpute, we entered about Inter-regnum.
* 7 or 800 Men, the Enemy difputing it very ftifly
* with us ; and indeed, through the Advantages of
' the Place, and the Courage God was pleafed to
* give the Defenders, our Men were forced to re-
' treat quite out of the Breach, not without fomc
* confiderable Lofs ; Col. Caffel being there (hot
* in the Head, whereof he prefently died, and di-
* vers Officers and Soldiers, doing their Duty,
* kill'd and wounded. There was a Tenalia to
* flanker the South Wall of the Town, between
* Duleek Gate and the Corner Tower before-men-
« ed, which our Men enter'd, wherein they found
' fome forty or fifty of the Enemy, which they
* put to the Sword, and this they held ; but it be-
' ing without the Wall, and the Salley-Port thro*
' the Wall into that Tenalia being choak'd up with
' fome of the Enemy which were kill'd in it, it
' prov'd of no Ufe for our Entrance into the Town
* that Way.
' Although our Men that ftorm'd the Breaches
* were forced to recoil, as before is exprefs'd, yet
* being encouraged to recover their Lofs, they
' made a fecond Attempt, wherein God was plea-
* fed fo to animate them, that they got Ground of
< the Enemy; and, by the Goodnefs of God, for-
* ced him to quit his Entrenchments ; and, after
' a very hot Difpute, the Enemy having both
* Horfe and Foot, and we only Foot within the
* Wall, they gave Ground, and our Men became
4 Mafters both of their Retrenchments and the
' Church i which, indeed, although they made our
' Enterance the more difficult, yet they prov'd of
< excellent Ufe to us, fo that the Enemy could not
* annoy us with their Horfe ; but thereby we had
« Advantage to make good the Ground, that fo
' we might let in our own Horfe ; which accord-
' ingly was done, though with much Difficulty.
' Divers of the Enemy retreated into the Mill"
f Mount, a Place very ftrong and of difficult Ac-
« cefs, being exceeding high, having a good Graft
* and ftrongly pallifadoed. The Governor, Sirjfr-
' thur
Ottobcr.
204 The Parliamentary His TOR y
. « thur djlon and divers confiderable Officers be-
' ing there, our Men getting up to them, were or-
* dered by me to put them all to the Sword : And,
* indeed, being in the Heat of Action, I forbad
' them to fpare any that were in Arms in the
* Town ; and I think that Night they put to the
* Sword about 2000 Men, divers of theOfficers and
* Soldiers being fled over the Bridge into the other
* Part of. the Town ; where about 1 00 of them
' poflefs'd St. Peter's Church Steeple, fome the Weft
* Gate, and others a round ftrong Tower next the
* Gate call'd St. Sunday's. Theie being fummoned
* to yield to Mercy, refufed ; whereupon I ordered
* the Steeple of St. Peter's Church to be fired,
* where one of them was heard to fay in the Midft
' of the Flames, God damn mey Gad cenfound me,
* / burn^ I burn.
' The next Day the other two Towers were
* fumrnoned, in one of which was about fix or
* feven Score, but they refufed to yield themfelves ;
* and we knowing; that Hunger muft compel them,
* fet only good Guards to fecure them from run-
* ing away, untill their Stomachs were come down.
* From one of the faid Towers, notwithftanding
* their Condition, they kill'd and wounded fome
* of our Men. When they fubmitted, their Of-
* fleers were knock'd on the Head, and every tenth
* Man of the Soldiers kill'd, and the reft fhipped
* for the Barbadoes. The Soldiers in the other
* Town were all fpared as to their Lives only, and
c fhipped likewife for the Barbadoes.
* I am pcrfuaded that this is a righteous Judg-
* ment of God upon thefe barbarous Wretches,
* who have embrued their Hands in fo much inno-
* cent Blood, and that it will tend to prevent
* the Effufion of Blood for the future ; which are
' the fatisfa&ory Grounds to fuch Actions, which
* otherwife cannot but work Remorfe and Regret.
c The Officers and Soldiers of this Garrifon were
* the Flower of their Army ; and their great Ex-
c pcclation was, that our attempting this Place
* would put fair to ruin us j they being confident
' of
Of E N G L A N D. 205
* of the Refolution of their Men and the Advan- inter-regnum.
* tage of the Place. If we had divided our Force 1649-
4 into two Quarters, to have befieged the North ^— "v*— - -*
4 Town and the South Town, v/e could not have Oftober«
4 had fuch a Correfpondency between the two
4 Parts of our Army ; but that they might have
4 chofen to have brought their Army, and have
4 fought with which Part they pleafed, and at the
4 fame Time have made a Sally with 2OOO Men
4 upon us, and have left their Walls mann'd, they
4 having in the Town the Number hereafter fpe-
4 cified ; but fome fay near 4000.
4 Since this great Mercy vouchfafed to us, I fent
4 a Party of Horfe and Dragoons to Dundalk, which
4 the Enemy quitted, and we are pofTefs'd of; as
4 alfo another Caftle they deferted between Trym
4 and Drogbedd, upon the Boyne. I fent a Party of
4 Horfe and Dragoons to a Houfe within five Miles
4 of TVywz, there being then in Trym fome Scots
4 Companies, which the Lord of Ardes brought ro
4 aflift the Lord of Ormond ; but upon the News
4 of Drogheda they ran away, leaving their great
4 Guns behind them j which we alfo have pof-
4 fefs'd.
4 And now give me Leave to fay how it comes to
* pafs that this Work is wrought : It was fet upon
4 fome of bur Hearts that a great Thing mould be
4 done ; not by Power or Might, but by the Spirit
4 of God ; and is it not fo clearly ? That which
4 caufed your Men to ftorm fo courageoufly, it was
4 the Spirit of God who gave your Men Courage,
4 and took it away again ; and gave the Enemy
4 Courage, and took it away again ; and gave your
* Men Courage again, and therewith this happy
4 Succefs ; and therefore it is good that God alone
' have all the Glory.
4 It is remarkable that thefe People at the fit ft
4 fet up the Mafs in fome Places of the Town that
* had been Monafteries ; but afterwards grew fo
4 infolent, that the laft Lord's Day before the
4 Storm, the Proteftants were thruft out of the
' great Church call'd St. Peter's, and they had
* public
2o6 The Parliamentary HISTORY*
later-regnum. c public Mafs there j and in this very Place near
1649. « 1000 of them were put to the Sword, flying thi-
«— -V-— ' « ther for Safety. I believe all their Friars were
'ber. < Jcnock'd on the Head promifcuoufly, but two,
' the one of which was Father Peter Taaff^ Bro-
* ther to the Lord Taaff^ whom the Soldiers took
* the next Day and made an End of ; the other
* was taken in the Round Tower, under the Re-
s pute of a Lieutenant ; and when he undcrftood
* that the Officers in that Tower had no Quarter,
* he confefs'd he was a Frier j but that did not fave
•him.
* A great deal of Lofs in this Bufmefs fell upon
« Col. Hewfon's, Col. CaffeFs, and Col. Ewer's
* Regiments ; Col. Ewer having two Field Offi-
* cers in his Regiment mot, Col. Caffel and a Cap-
* tain of his Regiment (lain, Col. //n^n's Captain-
* Lieutenant flain. I do not think we loft 100
* Men upon the Place, though many be wounded.
* I moft humbly pray the Parliament may be
* pleafed this Army may be maintained, and that a
* Confideration may be had of them, and of the
* carrying on Affairs here, as may give a fpeedy
* Iflue to this Work, to which there feems to be a
* marvellous fair Opportunity offer'd by God. And
* although it may feem very chargeable to the State
* of England to maintain fo great a Force, yet fure-
* ly to ftretch a little for the prefent, in following
* God's Providence, in hope the Charge will not
* be long, I truft it will not be thought by any (that
* have not irreconcilable or malicious Principles)
e unfit for me to move for a conftant Supply, which,
4 in human Probability, as to outward Means, is
' moft likely to haften and perfe6l this Work ;
* and indeed, if God pleafe to finifh it here, as he
' hath done in England, the War is like to pay it-
« felf.
' We keep the Field much, our Tents flickering
* us from the Wet and Cold, but yet the Country
« Sicknefs overtakes many, and therefore we defire
* Recruits and fome frefh Regiments of Foot may
* be fent us j for it is eafily conceived, by what
« the
Of E N G L A N D. 207
* the Garrifons already drink up, what our Field Inter- regmun.
< Army will come to, if God fhall give more j649-
' Garrifons into our Hands. Craving Pardon for <~Z2^~~J-
« this great Trouble, I reft
Tour mcft bumble Servant,
O. CROMWELL.
<• P. S. Since writing of my Letter, a Major,
c who brought off 43 Horfe from the Enemy, told
* me, that it is reported in their Camp that Owen
' Roe and they are agreed.
4 The Defendants in Drcgbeda confifled of
c the Lord of Ormond's Regiment, Sir Edmund
<• Verney Lieutenant-Colonel, of 400 ; Col. Byrn's,
« Col. Warren's* and Col. Watt's, of 2IOO; the
* Lord of WeJlmeatVs* of 200 ; Sir James Dillon' 's,
* of 200 ; and 200 Horfe.'
Another LETTER front the LORD-LIEUTENANT
of Ireland.
Mr. Speaker, Dublin, Sept. 27, 1649,
* T Had not received any Account from Col. Ve-
* J_ nables (whom I fent from Drogheda to endea-
' vour the reducing of Carlingford, and fo to march
* Northward towards a Conjunction with Sir Charles
* Coot) untill the Jaft Night. After he came to
c Carlingford, having fummoned the Place, both
* the three Caftles and the Fort commanding the
' Harbour, were rendered to him ; wherein were
c about 40 Barrels of Powder, feven Pieces of Can-
' non, about loco Mufkets, and 500 Pikes want-
* ing 2O. In the Enterance into the Harbour Capt.
' Fern, aboard your Man of War, had fome Dan-
« ger, being much fhot at from the Sea Fort, a Bui-
' let (hooting through his Main Maft. The Cap-
* tain's Entrance into that Harbour was a confi-
' derable Adventure, and a good Service ; as alfo
* was Capt. Brandley's, who, with 40 Seamen,
* ftorm'd a very ftrong Tenalia at Drogheda, and
« help'd to take it ; for which he dcferves an Own-
aoS Tbe Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. ' ing by you. Venalhs march'd from Carlintford
« with a Party of Horfe and Dragoons to the Jtowry,
' leaving the Foot to comeup after him. He fum-
* moned the Place, and it was yielded before his
* Foot came up to him. Some other Informations
* I have received from him, which promife well
* towards your Northern Intereft ; which, if well
* profecuted, will, I truft God, render you a good
* Account of thofe Parts.
' I have fent thofe Things to be prefentcd to the
Council of State for their Confideration. I pray
* God as thefe Mercies flow in upon you, he will
« give you an Heart to improve them to his Glory
* alone, becaufe he alone is the Author of them, and
* of all the Goodnefs, Patience, and Long-fuffering
* extended towards you. Your Army is march'd,
* and I believe this Night Jieth at Arttlo, in the
« County of Wicklo, by the Sea Side, between 30
« and 40 Miles from this Place. I am this Day,
* by God's Bleffing, going towards it. I crave
* your Pardon for this Trouble, and reft
Tour moft bumble Servant ,
O. CROMWELL.
' P. S. I defire the Supplies moved for may be
* haften'd. I am verily perfuaded, though the
* Burden be great, yet it is for your Service. If
* the Garrifons we take fwallow up your Men,
* how fhall we be able to keep the Field ? Who
* knows but the Lord may pity England's Suffer-
* ings, and make a fhort Work of this ? It is in his
* Hand to do it, and therein only your Servants
* rejoice.
4 I humbly prefent the Condition of Capt. George
e Jenkins's Widow. He died prefently after Tre-
s dagb Storm. His Widow is in great Want.
* The following Officers and Soldiers were flain
' at the ftorming of Drogbeda ; Sir Arthur Afton^
' Governor ; Sir Edmund Vcrney^ Lieut. Col. to
' Ormond\ Regiment; Col. Fleming^ Lieut. Col.
* Finglafs^ Major Fitzgerald^ with eight Captains,
> ' Lieu-
Of ENGLAND. 209
e eight Lieutenants, and eight Cornets, all of Inter-regnunu
' Horfe ; Colonels Warren, Wall, and Byrne, of l649-
e Foot, with their Lieutenants, Majors, &c. the *~ ~~ v~" "^
' Lord r^^Ps Brother, an 4uguftine Fryer; 44 °ftobcr'
' Captains, and all their Lieutenants, Enftgns, &c.
e 220 Reformadoes and Troopers ; 2500 Foot
' Soldiers, befides Staff-Officers, Surgeons, &c.
* and many Inhabitants.'
Thus far the Account as laid before the Houfe
by Cromwell j the Parliament's Lord-Lieutenant of
Ireland.
The Marquis of Ormond, the Regal Lord -Lieu-
tenant of Ireland, in his Letters to King Charles
the Second and Lord Byron a, in relation to the
Storming ofDrcgbeda, remarks, ' That on this Oc-
cafion Cromwell exceeded himfelf, and any Thing
he had ever heard of, in Breach of Faith and bloody
Inhumanity; and that the Cruelties exercifed there
for fiveDays after theTown was taken, would make
as many feveral Pidlures of Inhumanity as are to be
found in the Book of Martyrs, or in the Relation
of Amboyna? General Ludlow writes b', ' That
the Slaughter was continued all the Day of the
Storming, and the next ; which extraordinary Se-
verity was ufed to difcourage others from making
Oppofition.' And it is obfervable that this terrible
Slaughter, charged uponCromwell is fo far from be-
ing palliated or excufed in his own Letters, that
he feems to look upon the Irijh as a Body of Ama-
lekites, deftin'd to Deftrudtion by Divine Ven-
f:ance, and himfelf as the Executioner only of the
Imighty's Refentment. And accordingly a Wri-
ter of his Life terms this extraordinary Acl: of Cru-
elty a Sacrifice of 3000 Irijh to the Ghofts of
. VOL. XIX. O 10,000
a Carte's Life of Jama Duke of Ormond, Vol. II. p. 84. See
alfo Lord Clarendon's Vindication of the Marquis's Conduft, p. 130^
and 349 ; his Hiftory of the Rebellion, Vol. V. 8vo. p. 341 j and
Hugh Peteris Letter in Wbitlockfs Memorials, p. 411,
b Memoirs, Vol. I, p, 303, •
210 *fbe Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. io,ooo Eng/rjb, whom they had maffacred fome
1649. Years before0.
*— • -V-— ^ How agreeable the Conduct of General Crom-
' cr* well in this Affair was to his Matters, appears
by the Refolutions of the Houfe after reading the
regoing Letters. For they appointed a Thankf-
that Occaiion. giving-Day to be held on the hut of November
enfuing, throughout the whole Kingdom. They
likewife ordered that a Declaration Ihould be pre-
pared and fent into the feveral Counties, fignifying
the Grounds for fetting a-part that Day of public
Thankfgiving. A Letter of Thanks was alfo vo-
ted to be fent to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland^
and to be communicated to the Officers there ; in
which Notice was to be taken, That the Houfe
did approve of the Execution done at Drogheda^ as
an A61 both of Juftice to them, and Mercy to others
who may be warned by it.
On the nth of this Month the Declaration be-
fore-mentioned was brought into the Houfe by
Sir IVilliam Majbamy read, and agreed to, as fol-
lows:
And n Dechra-e rTT^HE great and wonderful Providences where-
ib^ therof? "" ' A in the Lord. hath eminently gone forth in
* Mercy towards this Nation have been fuch, that
' however many do fhut their Eyes, or murmur
' againft them, or at,leaft refufe to join in public
.' Acknowledgments and Thankfgiving to Almigh-
* ty God for the fame ; neverthelefs the Lord hath
* been pleafed to publifh to all the World, That it
* is the Work of his own Hand : Nor hath his in-
' finite Goodnefs and Favour been reftrained to
' England only, but extended into Ireland, which
* he hath been pleafed to remember in its low
« Eftate
c The Hiftry of tit Life and Deatl o£ bit Mofl Serene Higbnef,,
Oliver Lord frotifior ; ti'bcreiT!, from his Cradle to kis Tomb, are
impartially tianfmitied to Poftcnty, ibe mofl weighty Tranfafiions,
foreign and dsmejlick, that haiie happened in bis Time, either in
Matters of Ltnv, Proceedings in Parliament, or other Affairs in
Church or State. By S. Carrington. Printed for Natb, Brook,
ia Cornbili, 1659.
Of E N G L A N D. 211
* Eftate j and when his People there were as dry Inter-regnuuu
* Bones, he hath not only revived them in a Way l649-
* almoft as miraculous as a Refurrection from the ^^T"^'
' Dead, but been pleafed to raife both them and us
4 to a high Pitch of Hope that the Lord will go
4 on to perfect his Work in that Land, and make
' it likewife, at laft, a quiet Habitation for his
* People, and eftablifh the Power and Purity of the
* Gofpel there. The Confideration whereof, and
4 of the Goodnefs and Power of God in the late
* wonderful Victory which he hath been pleafed to
* give unto the Parliament's Forces there before
* Dublin, never to be forgotten ; and the further
* Progrefs God hath made in giving Drogbeda^ a
* Place of great Strength and Confequence, de-
* fended by a confiderable Number of their prime
* Officers and Soldiers, the Particulars whereof are
' exprefled in the Lord-Lieutenant's and other Let-
* ters lately printed ; and fmce that, by finking a
' Terror into the Hearts of the Enemy, fo as they
* have yielded up or deferted many other confider-
* able Caftles . and Garrifons, as Tryni, Dundalk^
6 CarUngford^ the Newry, and other Places, and
* fome other additional Victories which God hath
c caft in fince, cannot but make a deep Impreffion
* on the Hearts of all that fear the Lord, and pro-
* voke them to exceeding Thankfulnefs and Re-
* joicing.
' Upon Confideration of all which the Parlia-
* ment, out of their deep Senfe of fo great conti-
4 nued Mercies, have thought fit, as in Duty to
4 God, to fet a-part a Day for public and folemn
* Thankfgiving to the Lord, the Author of thefe
* Mercies : And they do therefore enact and or-
* dain, &c.'
The Houfe ordered 12,000 Copies of this De-
claration to be forthwith printed, and fent to the
feveral Sheriffs, to be by them difperfed to the Mi-
nifters of every Parifh in their refpective Counties,
Who were requir'd to read it to their Congregations.
02 The
212 'The Parliamentary
inter-regnum. The fame Day that the foregoing Declaration
1649. Was agreed to, a Refolution was alfo pafs'd,That
*— -*/~— ' every Member who then did, or fhould hereafter,
fit in that Houfe, fhould fubfcribe his Name to the
The Parliament following Engagement, viz.
refolve that an / do declare and promifey that I will be true and
^fSTcTthe0 fButyfl to the Commonwealth of England, as the
Commonwealth fame 's mw ejlablijhed without a King or Houfe of
Government, be Lords. And that thefe Subfcriptions fhould begin
fubv.rrib/^by allthe next Morning :
public Officers.
Accordingly, the next Day, Off. 12. the Speaker
firft, and afterwards divers Members of the Houfe,
did fubfcribe this Engagement.
Ordered alfo that the General, and all the Offi-
cers and Soldiers of the Army fhould do the fame :
That the Judges of the feveral Courts at Weftmin-
jler^ all the Serjeants at Law, Counfellors, Offi-
cers, Minifters, and Clerks, and all Attornies and
Solicitors, fhould fubfcribe this Engagement. The
fame Orders were fent into Ireland ; to the Lord
Mayor of London ; to the Generals, and Admirals
of the Fleets at Sea ; to the Judges of the Courts
of Admiralty and the Civil Law ; to the Readers,
Benchers, &c. of the feveral Inns of Court and
Chancery : In fhort, to all and fingular Perfons
that bore any Office, Civil, Religious, or Military,
and thofe under them, throughout all England^
JVales^ and all the Englijh Dominions ; who were
to fubfcribe this Engagement, or elfe be rendered
incapable of holding any fuch Office or Employ-
ment, public or private, for ever after y ' .
The Houfe alfo ordered the Style, heretofore
ufed in the Orders and Acts of the Houfe, viz.
By the Commons in Parliament ajfembled, to be al-
tered and no more ufed, but, inftead thereof, thefe
Words, viz. By the Parliament. As the firft In-
ftance
Y See the Ccmntcm Journals and Seekers Ads for the whole De-
tail of thofe Perfons who were to be Subfcribers to this Engage-
ment. It was afterwards made Part of the Oath to be taken by
the Judges, Sheriffs, and all other public Officers in the Nation.
Of E N G L A N D. 213
ftance of which it was, at the fame Time, orderedj Inter-regnum.
That the Title to the Engagement be changed* l649-
and made Refolded by the Parliament^ &c. '^ TX"^"'
J Oaober.
The principal Employment of the Houfe, for A Review of
many Months enfuing, was little elfe than reading fome other Tefts,
Letters of the great Succefs of the Parliament's before required to
-r-, • T t j T A i • be taken by their
rorces in Ireland^ railing an Army to march mtoown Members.
Scotland upon that Nation's declaring for King
Charles II. and laying Taxes for the Support of
thefe expenfive Expeditions. Before we enter into
this Military Scene, it may be neceffary to take
a Review of the Houfe, in order to account for
their extraordinary Unanimity in every Queftion
hitherto that regarded the Eftablifhment of their
new Commonwealth, and their no lefs remarkable
Concurrence with the Council of State. The
Reader cannot but remember the Garbling of
the Houfe by the Army in the Beginning of De-
cember^ 1648 : That on the firft of February fol-
lowing, thofe Members who were permitted to
keep their Seats, pafs'd aRefolution, That all fuch
who had concurred in the Vote of Dec. 5, ' That
' the King's Conceffions were a Ground of Peace,*
be difabled from fitting for the future ; and that
thofe who were abfent at the Time of pafling that
Vote, fhould enter their Diflent thereto, previous
to their Admifiion into the Houfe.
Thefe Refolutions had fo greatly reduced the
Number of acting Members, that there are many
more Inftances of Divifions in which the whole
Number prefent fell fhort of fifty than exceeded it;
and of thefe molt of them were Members of the
Council of State as well as of the Parliament : Not-
withftanding all which, they were fo apprehenfive of
the many Attempts to fubvert their ill-gotten Power,
that on the 5th of March they appointed a Com-
mittee, confifting of Mr. Lijle, Mr. Scot, Mr. Hoi-
land^ Mr. Luke Robinfon, and Col. Ludlow^ to dive •
into each particular Member's Sentiments ; which
Unparliamentary and Unconstitutional Meafure
O 3 cannot
214 The Parliamentary HISTORY
liter-regnum. cannot be better defcrib'd than in the laft-named
Gentleman's own Words ° :
* The Parliament being defirous to exclude from
their Places thofe who were likely to undo what
they had done ; and yet, unwilling to lofe the Af-
fiftance of many honeft Men, who had been in
the Country during the late Traniactions, pafs'd an
Order, That fuch Members as had not fat fince
the Trial of the King, fhould not be admitted to
fit, till the Houfe fhould be particularly fatisfied
concerning them ; appointing the above-mention'd
£ve, or any three of them, to be a Committee, to
receive Satisfaction touching the Affections of every
Member to the Public Intereft, who had not fat
fince the Time aforefaid, and the Reafon of his Ab-
fence ; and to make their Report to the Parliament
concerning them.'
Our Memorialift proceeds to obferve, « That
the new Commonwealth beginning to acquire Re-
putation, and to carry a fair Probability of Suc-
cefs, divers Members who had been long abfent,
addrefs'd themfelves to the Committee before-
mentioned, in order to their Admiflion to fit in
Parliament, and fome of them would not fcruple
to give any Satisfaction that was defired to the
Queftions propofed unto them ; which were, Whe-
ther they join'd in or approved that Vote, declaring
the King's Conceflions a Ground for a future Set-
tlement? Whether they approved of the Proceed-
ings againft the King ? And whether they would
engage to be true to a Commonwealth Govern-
ment ? But we, fays he, apprehending fuch extra-
ordinary Expulfions as had been lately ufed, to be
extremely hazardous to the Public Safety, made it
our Endeavour to keep thofe from a Re-admiflion,
who might neceflitate another Occafion of ufmg
the like Remedy : And therefore, though all pof-
fible Satisfaction was given in Words, we did, by
weighing the former Deportment of every parti-
cular Member who prcfented himfelf, defire to be
in
o Memoirs, Vol. I. p. 288,
Richard Aldworth, Efq;
Robert Andrews, Efq;
Henry Arthington, Efq;
Abraham Barrel!, Efq;
Nathaniel Bacon, Efqj
Francis Bacon, Efq;
John Barker, Efq;
Col. Thomas Birch,
Peter Brooke, Efq;
Sir Thomas Barnardtfton,
Sir Nath. Barnardijion,
Mr. Crompton %
William Carew, Efq;
Thomas Cholmley, Efqj
Henry Darley, Efq;
John Dormer, Efq;
William Ellis, Efq;
Richard Edwards, Efq; °
Thomas Lord Fairfax,
Charles Fleetwood, Efq;
Thomas Fell, Efq;
Brijlol.
Weobley.
PontefracJ.
Newton, Hants.
Huntingdon.
Cambridge Univerfity,
Ipfwich.
Coventry.
Leverpool.
Newton, Lancajhire.
St. Edmund's Bury.
Suffolk.
Milborne-Port.
Carlijle. ?
Malton.
Buckingham*
Bojlon.
Bedford.
Cirencefter.
Marlbor ought
Lancajhr. p
m P. 48 z and 549.
n We have not been able to find out what Place this Gentleman
ferv'd for.
o At p. * 14, in our Ninth Volume, this Gentleman is faid t9
have bien elaftcd In AT«v, 1650 j but it fliould be 1648,
1649.
Ofober.
Of E N G L A N D. 215
in fome Meafure aflured, that they would be true Inter-regmim.
to what they promifed, (in cafe the Commonwealth
Intereft ihould come to be difputed) before we
would report their Condition to the Houfe.'
The Names of the Members who fubmitted to
be examined by this Committee, and were accord-
ingly re-admitted into the Houfe, together with
fuch as were ele&ed fince the Death of the King,
are entered in the "Journals on their refpe&ive Days
of Admiflion ; and from thefe Authorities we have
extracted the following Lilt of them ; which, added
to thole who entered their DilTent to the Vote for
Peace, already given in our Eighteenth Volume m,
will point out who were the principal Actors at this
important Crifis.
216 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-rcgnum. Col. George Fenwick,
October.
Brampton Gurdon, Efq;
Thomas Hoyle, Efq;
Thomas HuJ/ey, Efq;
Thomas Hodges, Efq;
Sir Henry Hayman, Bart.
EdwardLor&Howard 1
of EJkrick, 5
Philip Lord Herbert,
*John Lenthall, Efqj
John Lowry, Efq;
JLiJlebone Long, Efq;
Sir Richard Lucy, Bart.
Chrijiopher Martin, Efq;
Moyle, fen. Efq;
Afaw'/fc, Efq;
Neville, Efq;
North, Knt.
PZ»/7;/> Earl of Pembroke,
Francis Pierpoint, Efq;
Thomas Pury, Efq;
Geruafe Piggot, Efq;
Carew Raleigh, Efq;
Nathaniel &V&,'Efq;
Col. /r<?»«V J2^7,
WilliamEzrl of Salifbury,
George Snelling, Efq;
Augujline Skinner, Efq;
William Sydenham, Efq;
Thomas Stockdale, Efq;
Sir P*/<?r Temple, Bart.
Sir y^« Trevor, Knt.
Edmund Wejl, Efq;
Morpeth.
Sudbury.
York.
Whitchurcb.
Cricklade.
Hytbc.
Carlijle.
Glamorgan.
Gloucejler.
Cambridge.
Wells.
Old Sarum.
Plympton.
Eajilow.
Retford.
Abingdan.
Eye.
Berk/hire.
Nottingham.
Gloucejler.
Nottinghamjhire.
Hafelmere.
Cirencejler.
Cambridgeshire*
Lynne,
Heydan.
Southward.
Kent.
Melcombe- Regis;
Knarejbrough.
Buckingham.
Grampound.
Buckinghamjhire.
Lord Clarendon t imputes the Return of many of
thefe Gentlemen to their Seats to a Defire of not
being idle when fo much Bufinefs was to be done.
But adds, That others forbore, either out of Con-
fciencc or Indignation, coming to the Houfe any
more for many Years ; and fome of them not be-
fore
y JJiJioij, Vol. V, p, 23-jt
Of E N G L AN D. 217
fore the Meeting of the Convention-Parliament lnter-regn<nn.
which reftor'd the King. «J!^Lj
There is nothing elfe remarkable in the Pro-
ceedings of this Month, only, at the latter End of it,
an Account came from Ireland of the taking of
Wexford by the Parliament's Forces. The Letters
from Lieutenant- General Cromwell on this Oteih
fion are mentioned in the Journals^ but not enter'd
there, nor have we any Copy of them in our Col-
lefiions ; we muft therefore content ourfelves with
fuch Accounts as Hiftory affords us.
Mr. Ludloiv writes s, ' That the Guard ap-
pointed to defend the Caftle of Wexford quitted
their Poft while a Treaty was in Hand about a
Surrender, whereupon fome of the Parliament's
Forces entered it, and fet up their Colours at the
Top of it i which the Enemy having obferv'd, left
their Stations in all Parts, fo that the Befiegers
Foot pofTefs'd themfelves of the Town without
Opposition, and opened the Gates for the Horfe to
enter.' He adds, * That great Riches were taken
in this Town, it being accounted by the Enemy
a Place of Strength ; and fome Ships were feized
in the Harbour, which had much interrupted the
Commerce of that Coaft : That Commiffioners
were appointed by the Lieutenant-General to take
Care of the Goods that were found in the Town
belonging to the Rebels, that they might be im-
proved to the beft Advantage of the Public.'
A modern Hiftorian h, who is very particular in
his Account of the taking of Wexford^ informs us
that the Place was betray'd ; and imputes Crom-
weirs Succefs as much to the good Intelligence he
kept in thofe Parts, as to his Arms.
The Parliament ordered their Lord -Lieutenant's
Account of this Action to be publifhed by the
Clergy in their refpedlive Cpngregations, on the
Day appointed for a Thankfgiving to God for their
late Succefs at Drogheda.
No-
g Memoirs, Vol. I. p. 303.
b Carte'* Life of James Duke of Ormond, Vol. II. p. 90,
2 1 8 The Parliamentary Hi s TOR v
November. The firft of this Month was obferved
as a general Day of Thankfgiving throughout the
wholeKingdom, for the foregoing Victory atDrog-
beda and others ob ained fince in Ireland. Two
Sermons were preached before the Houfe at Mar-
garet's IVeftminjler, as it was then call'd ; and the
Preachers, Mr. Marjhall and Mr. Sterry^ had
Thanks next Day returned them lor their great
Pains taken therein. »
Nov. 6. Mr. Trenchard reported, from the Com-
miflioners for compounding with Delinquents, an
Eftimate of what might arife out of that Branch
of the Parliament's Revenue, towards a certain
Payment of their Army, in order to an Abatement
of the prefent AflefTment of 90,000 /. per Menfem\
whereby it appeared that
There was due upon Bonds from 7
Delinquents [213,325 9 4
And upon Fines whereof no Part 7 ,
was yet paid {156,447 o o
369,772 9 4
The Monthly But that the Payment of thefe was not to be de-
*ffef*nt/or pended upon with any Certainty. Hereupon the
the Army far- rt r J- i i T>, ' « » /-r rr r
ther continued. Houfe refolved, That the Aftenment of 90,000 /.
per Menfem be farther continued to Lady-Day, and
an AflefTment of 60,000 /. from that Time to
Midsummer enfuing, for the Maintenance of the
Army.
The Continuance of this exceffive Burden upon
the Public, muft convince them how wretched a
Change they had made from Monarchy to a Com-
monwealth. But the Cafe of the unhappy Royalifts
will appear ftill harder by the above Calculation of
the great Sums they then ow'd, befides what they
had already paid, for their feveral Compofitions.
In the Courfe of thefe Parliamentary Inquiries
there is little or no Notice taken of what was now
become of the banifhed Branches of the Royal Fa-
mily j but they are not fo neglected in the Hiftories
of
Of E N G L A N D. 219
of thefe Times, particularly in Lord Clarendon ; Inter-regnunu
who, as he was a Fellow-Traveller with them, l649-
and a Sharer in their evil Fortune at that Time, <^T~*f~r~*
is very copious and exact in his Hiftory of it. The
Lord-Commiffioner Ifhitlocke alfo is not wanting
in tracing the unfortunate Prince, whom he calls
Prince Charles, from Place to Place; and as this
Memorialift, befides his great Office in Chancery,
was alfo a Member of Parliament, and one of the
Council of State, no doubt he had the beft Intelli-
fence from abroad about him j efpecially fmce we
nd the new Government here kept a watchful
and jealous Eye over all the young King's Actions ; • .
for this Memorialift tells us, ' That they had good
Intelligence of all the Tranfactions of the Prince
and his Council, which they procured by Money,
of which fome of the Prince's own Servants were
fo needy that they would betray their Mafter for it.'
And accordingly we find that, about this Time, King Claries H«
the Parliament received Advice, ' That Charles lands in thelfle
Stuart, eldeft Son of the late King had left S/.of J^V'
Germains, and was arrived in the Ifland of Jerfey,
with a Retinue of about 300 Perfons, where he
had been proclaimed King ; and that, upon an
Invitation from the Marquis of Ormond, he in-
tended fpeedily to embark for Dublin'
His Majefty continued in Jerfey fome Months ;
but being inform'd of Cromwell's great Succefles in
Ireland, gave over all Thoughts of going thither,
and removed to Breda ; where Commiflioners from
the States of Scotland having attended on him with
fome Propofitions for his Reftoration, he refolved
to embark for that Kingdom. During his Stay in And
the Ifland of Jerfey, he iflued the following De-F*.60^
claration ; which, as the Prefs was at this Time crown8,
under fo heavy an Embargo in England by the late
Licenfing Act, we may well prefume could not be
printed in this Kingdom ; and that probably was
the Reafon of its being done at the Hague p.
nit
p Printed by Samuel Broun, Englijh Bookfeller, dwelling in tfce
"X at the Sign of the Englijh Piiating-hcufc.
220 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Juter-regnum. His MAJESTY'S DECLARATION to all his loving
1649. Subjects in his Kingdom ^England and Dominion
*— -v— - ' of Wales, publifljed with the Advice of his Privv
November.
CHARLES, the Second of that Name, by the
Grace of God, King of England, Scotland,
France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c.
To all Perfons within our Kingdom of England
and Dominion of Wales, to whom thefe Pre-
fents fhall come, greeting.
cannot , without unfpeakable Grief and Sor-
row, call to Mind, nor, without Horror, ex-
prefs, how that our Dear and Royal Father, King
Charles, of ever blejfed Memory, hath been moft bar-
laroujly and moft cruelly murdered by the Hands of
bloody Traitors and Rebels, within our Kingdom of
England, with Proceedings and Circum/lances Jo
prodigious, that the Particulars induce rather
Amazement than Exprejjion: And although we have
hitherto feemed filent in a Matter fo highly concern-
ing us, as not publickly to exprefs to the People of
England our Grief of Heart and high Detejlation
of that heinous Fatt ; yet being now fafely arrived
in a ftnall Part of our own Dominions, at the IJland
of Jerfey, we have thought fit rather from hence,
where our Kingly Authority takes Place, than from
any foreign Country, where we have been hitherto
•necejjitated to rejide, publickly to declare, That, out
of a bitter Senfe and Indignation of thofe horrid
Proceedings again/I our dear Father, we are, ac-
cording to the Laws of Nature and Juftice, firmly
refolved, by the AJJiftance of Almighty God, though
we perijh alone in the Enterprise, to be a fevere
jfvenger of his innocent Blood, which was fo barba-
rouJJy fpilt, and which calls fo loud to Heaven for
Vengeance. And we Jhall therein, by all Ways and
Means pojjible, endeavour to purfue and bring to
their due Punijhment thoje bloody Traitors, who were
either Affors or Contrivers of that unparaleird and
inhuman Murder
And
Of ENGLAND. 221
And Jince it bath phafed God fo to difpofe, as by inter-regnum.
fuch an untimely Martyrdom to deprive us of fo good 1649-
a Father, and England of fo gracious a King? we ^- ~v™" •&
do further declare, That, by his Death, the Crown *overaber«
of England, with all Privileges, Rights, and Pre-
heminences belonging thereunto, is, by a clear and
undoubted Right of SucceJ/ion, juftly and lineally de-
fcended upon us, as next and immediate Heir and
Succejfor thereunto, without any Condition or Limi-
tation ; -without any IntermiJJion or Claim ; without
any Ceremony or Solemnity whatsoever : And thaty
by virtue thereof, we are now in Right laiufully
feized of the faid Crown, and ought, by the Laws of
God, and that Nation, to enjoy a Royal Power there >
as vjell in Church as Commonwealth ; to govern the
People of that Kingdom according to the antient and
known Laws ; to maintain them in Peace andjitftice$
and to proteff and defend them from the Opprejjion.
of any ufurped Power whatfoever. And the People
of that Nation, by the like Laws, owe unto us, and
ought reciprocally to pay, Duty and Obedience, a?
unto their Liege Lord and Sovereign. This Royal
Right of ours is grounded upon fo clear a Title, is
jettled by fuch fundamental Laws, confirmed by fo
many Oaths of Allegiance in all Ages, is fupported
by fuch a long-continued SucceJJion in our Royal Pro-
genitors, and by fuch a conjiant SubmiJJion of all the
People, that the fame can admit of no Difpute : No
Aft of our PredcccJJbrs can debar us of it; no Power
on Earth can juftly take it from us j and, by the un-
doubted Laws of that Nation, to oppofe us, either
in the Claim or Exercife thereof, is a Treafon of the
bigbeft Degree.
And although the bloody Contrivers of our Father's
Murder, out of a pernicious Hatred to all Monar-
chies, have by Force, as much as in them lies, dijin-
herited us of our Princely Right thereunto ; banijb'd
and profcrtb'd us ; feized all our Revenues ; prohi-
bited all Intercourse and Supplies to be fent to us ;
and have, by Violence, impofed upon the People of
England a new Yoke of popular Tyranny, to the ut~
ter Subvcrjion not only ofourjujl Rights, but of their
Lazus
222 %/je Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. Laws and Liberties ; yet zve do profefs that we can-
1 649- not pcrfuade ourf elf that the Body of the Engl ifh Na-
in"'~v'"""'"' tion hath jo far degenerated from their antient Loy-
' alty and Virtue, as to confcnt to thefe horrid Pro-
ceedings againji us, or to approve the cajiing off that
Kingly Government under which they and their Fore-
fathers have happily fiourifoed fo many Ages pa/I, to
the Envy of all their Neighbour Nations. Jrlow can
that once happy Nation of England dejpair of blejfed
Days under a Royal Scepter, and vainly hope for
them under the Iron Rod of an infolent Multitude ?
No, we cannot look upon thefe fad and dijmal Changes
as the Defires or Intentions of the better Part of our
Subjefts of that Kingdom ; but rather as the Dc/igns
and Contrivances of thofe wicked Murderers of our
Father; whofe Ambition is endlefs; whofe Avarice
is unfatiable j and whofe Guilt hath made them de-
fperate : And therefore, out of a Confidence we have
of the Loyalty and good Affections of many of our
Subjects of that Nation, and as well for their En-
couragement, who Jiill perfift in their natural Alle-
giance and Obedience to us, as for the Security of
fuch as Jhall yet return to their Duties and Loyal-
ties, we have thought fit hereby further to declare.
That we are gracioujly p leafed to receive all Per-
fens of our Kingdom of England and Dominion of
Wales, other than fuch who voted or ailed in that
bloody Murder of our dear Father, into our Royal
Grace, Mercy, and Protection ; owning and efteetning
them all as our good and loving SubjecJs, whom, upon
Accefs to cur Kingly Authority, we Jhall hold ourfelf
bound, according tc the Law ofGcd, the known Laiv*
of that Nation, and the Duty of cur Kingly Office^
to protefl, maintain, and preferve in J'lrcalth, Peace 9
and Happinefs. And for a clear Evidence of our
good Intentions towards them, lue Jhall be contented
freely to pardon, or ctherwife by Aft to declare or
hold indemnified, allPerfons within our faid Kingdom
of England and Dominion of Wales, except as be-
fore excepted, for any Matters whatsoever relating
to. the late unhappy Wars and Diftraftions. And
we Jhall t according to the Example of our dear Fa-
ther
Of E N G L A N D. 223
ther, be ready, upon tin EJiabliJhment of our Royal . inter-regnmn.
Throne, to make fuch further Concejffions, for the l649-
Satisfaction and Security of our good Subjefis in ge- VTT"V"7I"J
neral, and of all Interejls in particular, as jhall be
adjudged mo ft to conduce to the Peace and Happinefs
of that Kingdom. ^
And we do further declare, That ^ue Jhall give
cur utmojl Ajfylance to reft ore Parliaments to their
antient Dignity and Honour ', and jhall prejerve their
juji Privileges, and join to repair all thofe Injuries
'and Affronts which have been done to the Members
of that High Court.
And becaufe all IVays of gaining a mutual Confi-
dence betwixt us and our good Subjefis are at prc-
j'ent objiruffed, by the ufurp'd Force and Power now
prevalent in that Kingdom, we are therefore refolved
to make Ufe of fucb Expedients as Jhall be necejjary
for the Supprejfion of that tyrannical and unjujl
Power now exercifed over them, and for bringing to
their due Puni/hment thofe bloody Murderers of our
dear Father ; for Jhaking off" the heavy Burdens and
Taxes they now groan under, and for reftoring our
jujl Rights, and the antient Liberties and Freedom
of the Englifli Nation ; not doubting but zue jhall
find all our good Subjects ready to concur and to ajjift
us in qur jujl and pious Undertakings for thofe
Ends.
And, in the mean Time, ive require and command
all our faidSubj efts, according to their Duty to God,
their Allegiance to us, their feveral Oaths and Pro-
teflations, and the Love and Affeffion they bear to the
Peace of their native Country, that they do not be"
tray their laivful King, nor the glorious Liberties
and Laivs of England, into a perpetual Slavery, by
Acknovjledgment of, or voluntary Submijfion to, any
new Forms or Models of Government, under the
Name or Majk of a Free State, nor under any other
Title or Pretence whatfoever.
Given at our Court at Caftle- Elizabeth, in our
Ifle of Jerfey, the 318: Day of O&ober, 1649,
in the firft Year of our Reign.
On
224 Tkc Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter- reenuir.. On the 24th of laft Month the Houfe having re-
l649- ceived Information that Clement Walker, Efq; (one
*— -v— •— ' of the fecluded Members) had published a Book,
' intitled, Anarclna Anglicana a, he was ordered to
be fent for in Cuftody of the Serjeant at Arms, with
Power to enter into any Houfe, and break open
any Doors or Locks for that Purpofe ; alfo to fearch
for, and feize, all his Papers and Writings. And
it was referred to the Council of State to find out
the Printers and Publifhers of the faid Book, and
all others who had any Hand therein. On the
1 3th of this Month Mr. Walker having been ap-
prehended accordingly, he was committed Pri-
foner to the Tower, in order to his Trial for Hi^h, '
Treafon. Whoever perufes this Piece will be at
no Lofs to account for the Parliament's high Re-
fentment againft the Author of it.
Nov. 1 6. This Day came a Letter from Lieute-
nant-General Cromwell, concerning the Surrender
of the Town of Rofs, in Ireland^ addrefs'd to the
Speaker b.
SIR, Rofs, Oft. 25, 1649.
The Town of « Qlnce my laft from Wexford, we marched to
rcd ' O Rofs, a wall'd Town, fituated upon the Bar^
4 row, a Port Town, up to which a Ship of 7 or 800
' Tons may come. We came before it upon
' Wednesday the zyth Inft. with three Pieces of
' Cannon : That Evening I fent a Summons ;
* Major- General Taaff being Governor, refufed
' to admit my Trumpet into the Town, but took
* the Summons in, returning me no Anfwer. I
4 did hear that near 1000 Foot had been put into
'this
a This makes the Second Part of The Hiflory cf Independency,
publifli'd in the Name of Theodora Verax. A Third Part was after-
wards publi/hed, by the fame Author, intitled, The High Court of
Jitftice, or Cromwell's new Slaugbter-Houfe in England. It is
highly probable, from many Circumftances, that Mr. Prynne had
a Share in this Performance. It was reprinted in 1660, with
Mr. Walker's Name to it, and a Fourth Part added by another
Hand.
b From the original Edition printed by John field for EdiwJ
Eufiandf, Printer to the Parliament of England,
Of ENGLAND. 225
s this Place fome few Days before my Coming to Inter-regnum.
* it. The next Day was fpent in making Prepa-
* rations for our Battery ; :ind in our View there jft^nber
c were boated over from the other Side of the Ri-
* ver, of Englljk, Scots, and Irijh, 1500 more, Or-
' mond-t Cajflehaven, and the Lord of Ardes, being
* on the other Side of the Water to caufe it to be
6 done. v
4 That Night we planted our Battery, which
' begun to play very early the next Morning. The
' Governor immediately fent forth an Anfwer to
* my Summons, Copies of all which I make bold
' herewith to trouble you ; the rather, becaufe you
' may fee how God pulls down proud Stomachs.
c He defired Commiffioners might treat, and that
' in the mean Time there might be a ceafing of
' Acts of Hoftility on both Sides ; which I refu-
' fed, fending in Word, That if he would march
c away with Arms, Bag and Baggage, and give me
' Hoftages for Performance, he mould. Indeed
c he might have done it without my Leave, by the
* Advantage of the River. He infifted upon ha-
' ving the Cannon with him, which I would not
' yield unto, but required the leaving the Artillery
* and Ammunition ; which he was content to do,
4 and march'd away leaving the great Artillery, and
* the Ammunition in the Stores to me.
* When they march'd away, at leaft 500 Eng-
* lijb, many of them of the Munjler Forces, came
* to us.
* Ormond is at Kilkenny, Inchiquin in Munftery
e Henry O'Neal^ Owen Roe's Son, is come up to
' Kilkenny, with near 2000 Horfe and Foot, with
' whom and Ormond there is now a perfect Con-
' junction : So that now, I truft, fome angry
' Friends will think it high Time to take oft" their
' Jealoufy from thofe to whom they ought to exer-
' cife more Charity.
' The Rendition of this Garrifon was a feafon-
' able Mercy, as giving us an Opportunity towards
' Munjler, and is for the prefent a very good Re-
* fremment for our Men. We are able to fay no-
VOL. XIX. P ' thing
November.
226 The Parliamentary HISTORY
thing as to all this, but that the Lord is ftill plea-
led to own a Company of poor worthlefs Crea-
tures ; for which we defire his Name to be mag-
nified, and the Hearts of all concerned may be
provoked to walk worthy of fuch continued Fa-
vours. This is the earned Defire of
Your mojl bumble Servant^
O. CROMWELL.
' P. S. Col. Norton is lately dead of the Coun-
' try Difeafe, leaving a Son behind him. He was
6 a Perfon of great Integrity and Courage : His
' former Services, efpecially that of the laft Sum-
' mer, I hope will be had in Remembrance.'
The Houfe ordered the foregoing Letter, with
the Articles of Surrender, to be printed and pub-
lifhed ; but the latter are rather foreign to our
Purpofe, and the Subftance of them is given in the
Letter itfclf. They likewiie referred it to the
Council of State to fend over Supplies of all Kinds
forthwith to the Army in Ireland.
In the Proceedings of this Month, as Mr. Whit-
locke informs us, ' "There was a great Peak taken
againft the Lawyers ; infomuch that the old Odium
againft them was revived, and it was laid in the
Debate, * That it was not fit for Lawyers, who
were Members of Parliament, if any Lawyers
ought to be there at all, to plead or pra&iie as
Lawyers during the Time they fat as Members of
Parliament ;' which gave Occafion to one of that
Profeffion, meaning himfelf, to fpeak as follows :
Mr Speaker ',
uV T Was un
- JL upon this
'
ajjjff again to have troubled you
Argument, had I not been again
of Lawyers be- ,
ing ekaedMem- call'd up by the Miftakes of the worthy Gentle-
ment °* Parlia"man tnat fpo^e ^ft? to give a true Account of thele
Matters, and to vindicate the Honour of that Pro-
,
feffion whereof I am an unworthy Member.
The
Of ENGLAND 227
4 The Gentleman was pleafed to intimate, That inter- regnum.
Lawyers were heretofore excluded from being Mem- l649-
bers of Parliament : I fiippofe he had not much ^J'~v ~
frudied the Records of that Matter, and therefore
related the Difcourfes of others by hearfay only ;
but for his Conviction, and for the Satisfaction of
others, I fhall acquaint you with the clear Pafiages
of what he aimed at, as I fuppofe ; and as I find
them upon Record, which is much more authentic
than fome (perhaps) Table-Talk, or Difcourfes at
random.
« The Statute 23, Edw. III. call'd the Members
of Parliament the learned Aden \ whereof many were
learned in the Laws, and therefore luppofed to have /
had that Title. But fhortly after this the great
Men degenerating, in the old Age of the fame
King, into feveral Factions, and being much of-
fended with thofe who were learned in the Laws,
becaufe they hindered their OpprefHons by plead-
ing the Right of Law on the Behalf of theirClients,
in 46 Edw. III. they petition'd that Nul Home de
Ley purfuont Befoignes en le Court le Roy ; ne Vif-
count) pour le Temps qu'il eft Vifcount^fotent retour-
nez ne accepter Chivaliers des Counts es : c That no
4 Man of Law, following Bufmefs in the King's
* Courts, nor Sheriffs, be returned or accepted for
*• Knights of Shires.'
' To this the King anfwers, Voet le Roy que Cbi~
lialiers^et Serjeants des meauxVaultes duPays^ folent
retuurnez dejore Chivaliers en Parliaments, et qu'ils
Jtlent eleus en pleine Count e : ' The King willeth
* that Knights and Serjeants (that is, Efquires)
* of the beft Rank in the County be from hence-
* forth returned to be Knights in Parliament, and
1 that they be chofen in full County/
* After this Ordinance, and purfuant to it, a
Claufe was inferted into the Writ for chufing
Members for the Houfe of Commons, 5 Hen. IV.
to this Effect, Nolumus out em quod tuy feu aliquis
alius Vlcecomes Regni noflri^ jive aliquh alius Ho-
mo adLegem^ a li qua liter fit elettus: ' We will not
* that you, or any other Sheriff of our Kingdom,
P 2 'or
Inter-regnum
1649. .
November.
228 *rhe Parliamentary HISTORY
* or any other Man of Law, by any Means be
* cholen.'
* According to this Ordinance and Claufe of
Nolumus, the Sheriffs have been fince excluded
from fitting in Parliament as Members, during the
Time of their Sherifaltyj the Debate of which
Point was had, and full of Learning, in a former
Parliament, in the Cafe of a very learned and wor-
thy Perfon, Sir Edward Coke, whom moft of us
knew.
' He, being made Sheriff of Bucks upon Dif-
plcafure' againft him, was chofen Knight of the
Shire for Bucks, and fat in Parliament ; and I had
the Honour then to be a young Parliament-Man,
in the fecond Year of the late King.
* The Objections againft him were the conjlant
Ufage not to permit Sheriff's to fit as Parliament-
Men ; their Oath to refide in their Counties, the
Cujlody whereof was committed to them ; and that
their Office was but annual, and fo the Difability
Was but for that Time only.
* But for a Man to be difabled from being a
Parliament-Man, in regard of his being a Lawyer,
is to difable him during his Life, or his Continu-
ance in his Profeffion by which he gains his Live-
lihood ; and they are not public Officers, obliged
to another Attendance on the public Affairs, as the
Sheriffs are.
' Yet it is true that in the Parliament, which was
held 6 Hen. IV. all Lawyers were excluded, and
none of them returned to ferve in that Parliament ;
and perhaps from fome general Difcourfe hereof
by others, the worthy Gentleman is pleafed, with
Confidence, to vent his Doctrine and Motion :
But in cafe he did read, and underftand the Re-
cords of this Ordinance, and of the Claufe of No-
lumus, yet, I fuppofe he never look'd into the
Ground of this Bufmefs, nor into that which fol-
lowed thereupon ; wherein I fhall hope to fatisfy
him, and fo as to alter his Opinion.
' King Henry IV. being in great Want of Mo-
ney, fummon'd that Parliament, and cafufed to be
inferted
Of E N G L A N D. 229
inferted in the Writ this Claufe of Nolumus to ex- Inter-regn
elude the Lawyers ; becaufe he doubted that they l649-
Would oppofe his exceflive Demands which he was ^""v~b~
to make to the Parliament.
« Thomas Walfmgham faith % That all the
Lawyers being excluded, the Demands of the King
were by this Means obtained ; and by this Parlia-
ment was granted an unufual Tax, and to the People,
triftabilis & valde gravis, ' a Tax full of Trouble
' and very grievous;' whereof, the Hiftorian faith,
he would have fet down the Manner, had not the
Granters and Authors of the fame deiired to be
conceal'd for ever to Pofterity, by caufing the Pa-
pers and Records thereof to be burnt b.
' Mr. Speaker, This is the Precedent intimated
by the worthy Gentleman ; and this was the Oc-
cafion and Iflue of that Precedent, the like where-
of, I prefume, is not wifti'd by him.
' Walfmgham ftyles that Parliament, in the Mar-
gin, Parliamentum indoftorum, c the Parliament of
' unlearned Men.'
« Speed, in his Hiftory, faith, That this Parlia-
ment was called the Lack-learning Parliament, ei-
ther for the Unlearnednefi of the Perfons, or for
their Malice unto Learning.
' But God hath blefs'd this Nation with fuch an
Age of learned Men at this prefent, that former
Times knew not; and we muft acknowledge that,
though the Houfe mould lack all their Members
who are Lawyers, yet the reft are of fo great Abi-
lities that there would be no Lack of Learning :
Yet, Sir, I am fure that the Addition of thofe ma-
ny learned Gentlemen of our Profeffion hath been,
and will be, fome Help in your Affairs, and will
not be defpifed by any prudent Men.
' The worthy Gentleman was pleafed flightly to
call them Gownmen, who had not undergone the Dan-
gers and .Hardjhips that Martial Men had done:
And truly it might lefs become the Gentleman that
P 3 faid
a Hifl. Ang. Anno 1404, p. 370. t> Tf^dlgma NeuJIri*,
Anm 1404. See alfo our fecoad Volume, p. 83, rt utra.
Inter- regnum.
1649.
<— - s~*
November.
230 The Parliamentary HISTORY
faiil it, than others, to make that Obfervation, if
it had been fo.
' Tiie ancient Romans were Soldiers, though
Gownmcn ; nor doth that Gown abate either a
Man's Courage or his Wifdom, or render him lefs
capable of uling a Sword when the Laws are filent,
or you command it.
*• You ail know this to be true by the great Ser-
vices periorm'd by Lieutenant- General Jones, Com-
miflary Ireton^ and many of the Members, and
other Lawyers ; who, putting off their Gowns
when you required it, have ferv'd you ftoutly and
fucccisfully as Soldiers, and undergone almoft as
many and as great Dangers and Hardfljips, as the
Gentleman who fo much undervalues all of them.
But we are now fpeaking of their Right to be cho-
len, and to fit as Members of the Parliament ;
which doubtlels is as much and the fame with all
other the Commoners of England.
*vThe Hiftorian laft mentioned faith, That the
Commons of England, who have Liberty in the
Choice of their Knights and Burgefles, would not
be debarred thereof by the Ordinance of Edw. III.
nor by the Claufe of Nolumus inferted in the Writ
by Hen. IV, but have made a conftant Choice of
fome of them to ierve for them in all Parliaments.
* The Lord Coke^ 4. Inftit. p. 48, holds, That the
Ordinance, 46 Edw. III. by the general Words of
5. Ricb.ll. Stat. 2. Cap.t^. and 7. Hen.lV. Cap. 15.
was repealed : However, we read not of any Par-
liament, except that; unhappy one 6 Hen. IV. in
which the Lawyers were excluded ; and after not
3 few confiderable Services, both Civil and Mili-
tary, perform'd by fome of them for you, it was
fomewhat an ungrateful Motion now to have ex-
cluded them.
* We may lay afide the Claufe of Nolumus, left
other Claufes of Nolumus , which we find in the
Writs of Summons, do come as near home to others.
Sometime Claufes were inferted in the Writs for
Election of Commoners, to this Purpofe, Nolumus
Gutem quod aliquis de Retinentia Domini nojlri Re-
Of E N G L A N D. 231
gis aliqualiter fa eleflus : c We will not that any Inter- regnum.
* the Retinue of our Lord the King, in any wife, be l64-9-
' chofen.' *— ^~—>
* Tho', Sir, I acknowledge that worthy Gen-
tleman, and many others who have been the King's
Servants and Courtiers, have been very faithful to
you, and done you acceptable Services ; and fo
fome of them have done in former Parliaments,
and I hope you all do think fo ; yet the Underva-
luing of our Profeffion to be Members of Parlia-
ment, hath lefs Strength coming from fuch Gentle-
men, than from others j becaufe of them, fome
from abroad will be apt to fay, though fcandaloufly,
That Courtiers and King's Servants ufed to fit in
Parliament rather to promote their Mafter's Ends
than their Country's Rights j but fuch Objections
are now out of Doors.
* The like Paffage with this we are now deba-
ting is related in the Roman Story, when the Law
Cinna was made, whereby it was provided, That,
for pleading of Caufes^ no Man Jbould take either
Money or Gift ; and this Law was endeavoured, up-
on the like Grounds, to be fet on Foot prefently
after the Death of Tiberius Cafar.
* But when fome alledged that this would caufe
the want of Counfellors and Advocates, whereby
the Poor would be opprefs'd by the Rich and
Mighty; that Eloquence did not come by Chance,
or gratis^ without Study and Labour i that the
Care of a Man's own Family w£s negleited, whilft
he attended other Men's Affairs ; that fome main-
tained their Life by War, fome by tilling the Earth,
yet no man laboured in thefe Callings, or to at-
tain Knowledge, but for the Commodity arifmg
thereby ; that the meaneft of the People endea-
voured what they could to better their Eftates,
and that if the Reward of Studies fhould be ta-
ken away, Studies alfo would decay, as having
neither Glory nor Honour. Upon thefe Reafons
the Senate thought it not juft, and I hope this Se-
nate will be of the fame Judgment* to take away
November.
232 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
the Honorarium of Advocates ; but limited the
fame to 1000 Sefterces, which fome compute to
be about 787. of our Money.
* Neither, faith Tacitus, Annal. lib: u, did that
Law continue or gain Compliance to it. Neither
do I think that fuch a Law amongft us would be to
any Effect, or have any Compliance to it.
' But I hope this honourable Engiijh Senate, and
that worthy Gentleman, a Member of it, will be
iatisfied with the Reafons given in the Roman Se-
riate, who were very wife Men ; and not trouble
themfelves about fuch new Laws, which will be
ineffectual, prejudical to many, ami good to none.
* But the Gentleman objected, and it is much
urg'd in thefe Times, againft the Profefiion of the
Law and the Profeflors of it, That they are the Oc-
cafion of Multiplicity of Suits, and of Delays in
them ; and therefore, after the Example of fome
foreign Countries, not to be permitted.
' f have obferved to you before that thofe in
Power have moft Reafonto be difpleaied with this
Profeflion, as a Bridle to their Power ; but that
the Profelfion occafions Multiplicity of Suits, is as
improbable as any other of his Reafons or his Ar-
guments.
' Mr. Speaker, the Reafon of the Multiplicity of
Suits and Law Caufes amongft us, is the Great-
nefs of our Trade, which caufeth a Multitude of
Contracts, and thefe occalion a Multitude of Law
Suits.
' In thofe Countries, mentioned by that worthy
Gentleman, there is not one of his Profeflion, one
Merchant, or one Contra&er, for a hundred in
England; that is the Caufe they have fo few Law
Suits and we fo many.
* And give me Leave, Sir, to tell him, that in
the Netherlands, and Countries where there is
much Trade, there are proportionably as many
Law Suits as there are in England.
' Another Ground of what I affirm, is that, in
foreign Countries, every Man's Eftate is difpofed
of
Of E N G L A N D. 233
of by their Law, after a certain Rule and Propor- Inter-regnum.
tion, which the Pofleflor cannot, either by Con- l649'
veyance or by his Teftament, afterwards alter. As '^j^^T
•when one dies, his Eftate is thus divided by the
Law; his Wife hath a Part fet out for her, the
eldeft Son hath a double Portion, and all the other
Sons have equal Portions, and every two Daugh-
ters have as much as one Son, of the whole Eftate
of their Father thus divided by Law. Whereas,
with us, every PoiTeflor of an Eftate hath Power
to difpofe of it by his Deed, or by his Will, as he
pleafes, which muft necefTarily occasion the more
Differences and Suits at Law, upon Conftruclions
of thofe Deeds and Wills, and Contefts of Parties
claiming, than where the knov/n Law gives a cer-
tain Rule and Diftribution of Eftates, which none
can alter.
' Another Ground of what ITay is the Freedom
of our Nation, where every one hath equal Right
and Title to his Eftate, and there is as full Pro-
perty to the meaneft as to the greateft Perfon ;
which caufeth our Countrymen to infift upon their
Right and Privileges, and to conteft for them with
the greateft Men, or the Prince himfelf, if the
Right of Law be on their Side.
' This occafions many more Law Suits than do
arife in thofe Countries where the Boors and Pea-
fants do wholly depend upon the Will of their
Lords-, to whom they are Slaves, and dare not dif-
pute any Matter of Right with him, but tamely
fubmit unto their Lord's good or bad Pleafure.
* And though in fome of thefe Northern Coun-
tries they have no Counfellors at Law, as a public
Profeflion, becaufe the Smallnefs of their Law Bu-
finefs will not maintain them, and the great Lords
are oft-times there Parties and Judges themfelves ;
yet \nGermany , France^ Spain, and other Countries,
the Doctors and Profeflbrs of the Law are in great
Numbers and Credit, and gain vaft Eftates, tho*
by fmall Fees, yet often taken, and long continu-
ing; whereof, particularly in France, there are ma-
ny
2 J4 T^e Parliamentary HISTORY"
ny Precedents. And if we look fo far as the Times
of the antient Romans and Grecians^ their Lawyers
will be found numerous, and of Efteem amongi
ovcm er. t]]em . an(j vvnen tjiejr Commonwealth enjoyed
the grea,eft Freedom, this Profeflion was in the
bigheft Reputation.
' Sifjthe worthy Gentleman was pleafed to men-
tion one Thing with fome Weight, That Lawyers
were permitted to counfel and plead for Men in Mat-
ters touching their Ejlates and Liberties ; but in the
greatejl Matters of all others^ concerning a Man's
Life and Pofterity, Lawyers were not permitted to
plead for their Clients.
' I confefs I cannot anfwer this Objection, That,
for a Trefpafs of a Sixpence Value, a Man may
have a Counfellor to plead for him j but where his
Life and Pofterity are concern'd, he is not admitted
this Privilege and»Help of Lawyers. A Law to-
seform this, I think, would be juft, and give Right
to the People.
* What is iaid in Defence or Excufe of this
Cuftom is, That the Judges are of Counfel for the
PrifoncrS) and are to fee that they have no Wrong.
And are they not to take the fame Care of all Caufes
that (hall be tried before them I
' To that Part of the Gentleman's Motion, That
Lawyers^ being Members of the Houfe, Jbould, du-
ring that Time^ forbear their Practice and Pleading^
I fhall only give this Anfwer, That, in the A<£t
which he may be pleafed to bring in for this Pur-
pofe, it may likewife be inferted, that Merchants
ihall forbear their Trading, Phyficians from viftt-
ing their Patients, and Country-Gentlemen for-
bear to fell their Corn and Wool whilft they fit
as Members of this Houfe ; which hath the fame
Reafon as to debar Lawyers from their Practice.
* But I doubt, Sir, I have held you too long.
My Profeflion, and the Subjeft Matter of the De-
bate, will plead in my Excufe ; and I hope, Sir,
by your Prudence, fuch Motions as thefe will be
lefs frequent among us.'
Of E N G L A N D. 235
We prefume the foregoing Arguments put a Inter-regmim.
Stop to this Attack upon the Gentlemen of the l649-
Long Robe ; for we hear no more of it. ~
December. Bufmefs, material enough for thefe En-
quiries, now grew very flack in the Houfe ; they did
not lit above four Days in a Week, conftantly ad-
journing themfelves from Friday till Tuefday follow-
ing ; and when they did meet their Numbers were
fo few, as frequently to divide, in all under forty.
We may fuppofe then that the molt important Af-
fairs of , the Nation were tranfac.~r.ed by the Council
of State; which is out of our Sphere, theCompafsof
our Delign obliging us only to follow this Fag-end
of a Parliament through all its various Revolutions,
and the Tranfadlions relative to them.
Cromwell went on purfuing his Victories in Ire-
land with great Rapidity ; and, in a ftiort Time
after this, made himfelf Mailer of the whole King-
dom. The dreadful Execution at Drogbeda opened
all before him, few Places daring to refift, for fear
of being ferv'd in like Manner ; fo that that poor
Nation was now harrafs'd and torn up to the very
Roots. On the I2th of this Month the following
Letter from him was read in the Houfe :
For the Honourable WILLIAM LENTH ALL, Efa
Speaker of the Parliament of England.
Mr. Speaker ',
* r i SHE Enemy being quartered between the General Crm-
« |_ two Rivers of Noer and the Barrow, and ^f^f^J*
' Matters of all the Paflages thereupon, and giving o^ his3 ukbgVf
* out their Refolution to fight us ; thereby, as vitEniftery,Carrickf
* conceived, labouring to get Reputation in the
< Countries, and Acceflion of more Strength ; it
* was thought fit our Army ftiould march towards
* them, which accordingly, upon Tuefday the 151!!
' Inftant, was done.
' The Major- General and Lieutenant-General
* (leaving me very fick at Refs> behind them) with
' two
236 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-regmim. ' two Battering Guns, advanced towards Emjlery^
1649. « a little walled Town, about five Miles from Rojs,
*• *•--*-' * upon the Noer, on the South- Side thereof, which
nber< « was poflcfled by the Enemy ; but a Party of our
' Men, under the Command of Col. Abbot, the
' Night before approaching the Gates, and at-
' tempting to fire the fame, the Enemy ran away
' through the River, leaving good Store of Provi-
' fions behind them. Our Commanders hoped, by
* gaining of this Town, to have gained a Pafs,
' but indeed there fell fo much fudden Wet, as
' made the River unpaflable by that Time the Ar-
* my was come up ; whereupon, hearing the Ene-
* my lay about two Miles off, near Thomas
' Town, a pretty large walled Town, upon the
* Noer, the North Side thereof having a Bridge
' over the River, our Army marched thither; but
* the Enemy had broken the Bridge, and garrifon'd
' the Town, and in the View of our Army march'd
* away to Kilkenny; feeming to decline an Engage -
' ment, although, I believe, they were double our
' Numbers, which they had Power to have necef-
6 fitated us unto, but was no ways in our Power
' (if they would ftand upon the Advantage of the
' Paflage) to engage them unto; nor indeed to con-
* tinue out two Days longer, having almoft fpent
* all the Bread they carried with them.
' Hereupon, feeking God for Direction, they
' refolved to fend a good Party of Horfe and Dra-
' goons, under Col. Reynolds, to Carrick, and to
' march the Refidue of their Army back towards
' Rofs, to gain more Bread for the Profecution ot
* that Defign, if, by the Blefling of God, it mould
' take. Col. Reynolds, marching with twelve
' Troops of Horfe and three Troops of Dragoons,
' came betimes in the Morning to Carrtck, where
* dividing himfelf into two Parties, whilft they-
' were amufed with the one, he entered one of the
8 Gates with the other ; which the Soldiers per-
' ceiving, divers of them and their Officers efcaped
« over the River in Boats; about 100 Officers and-
4 Sol-
Of E N G L A N D. 237
* Soldiers taken Prifoners, without the Lofs of one
* Man on our Part. In this Place is a very good
' Caftle, and one of the antienteft Seats, belong-
f • Tin j • T i i L r December,
c ing to the Lord Ormond, in Ireland; the fame
e was rendered without any Lofs alfo, where was
' good Store of Provifions for the refreshing of our
' Men. The Colonel giving a fpeedy Intelligence
* of God's Mercy in this, we agreed to march,
' with all convenient Speed, the Refidue of the
' Army Up thither, which accordingly was done
4 upon Wednefday and Thurfday^ the 2 1 ft and 22d
c of this Inftant, and, thro' God's Mercy, I was
* enabled to bear them Company. Being come
* thither, we did look at it as an efpecial good
* Hand of Providence to give us this Place, inaf-
' much as it gives us a PafTage over the River Sewer
' to the City of Waterford, and indeed into Mun-
'Jler, to our Shipping and Provifions, which
' before were beaten from us out of Waterford
* Bay, by the Enemy's Guns. It hath given us
* alfo the Opportunity to befiege or block up Wa-
c terford\ and we hope our gracious God will
' therein dire<5i us alfo. It hath given us alfo the
' Opportunity of our Guns, Ammunition, and Vic-
' tuals, and indeed Quarter for our Horie, which
* could not have fubfifted much longer: So fweet
* a Mercy was the giving of this little Place unto
< us.
' Having refted there a Night, and by Noon the
' next Day gotten our Army over the River, lea-
' ving Col. Reynolds with about 1 50 Foot, his own
' fix Troops of Horfe, and one Troop of Dragoons,
* with a very little Ammunition, according to the
' Smallnefs of our Marching-Store, we marched
' away towards IVaterford upon Friday the 23d,
4 and on Saturday about Noon came before the
' City. The Enemy not being a little troubled at
' this unfufpccled Bufmefs, (which indeed was the
c meer Guidance of God) marches down with
' great Fury towards Carrick^ with their whole
' Army, revolving to fwallow it up ; and, upon
' Saturday the 24th, aflaults the Place round,
' thinking
Inter-regnum
1649.
238 The Parliamentary Hi s T OR Y
4 thinking to take it by Storm ; but God had other-
4 wife determined, for the Troopers and the reft
* of the Soldiers, with Stones, did fo pelt them,
December, e tj^ey continuing very near four Hours under the
4 Walls, having burnt the Gates, which our Men
* barricaded up with Stones ; and likewife dig-
* ged under the Walls and fprung a fmall Mine,
4 which flew in their own Faces ; but they left
4 above 40 or 50 Men dead under the Walls, and
4 have drawn off, as fome fay, near 400 more,
* which they buried up and down the Fields, be-
4 fides what are wounded ; and, as Inckiquin him-
* felf confefled in the Hearing of fome of their Sol-
* diers lately come to us, hath loft him above 1000
' Men. The Enemy were drawing off their Dead
4 a good Part of the Night. They were in fuch
* Hafte upon the Affault, that they kill'd their own
* Trumpet as he was returning with an Anfwer to
4 a Summons fent by them. Both in the taking
* and defending of this Place, Col. Reynolds'1*
4 Carnage was fuch as deferves much Honour.
4 Upon our coming before Waterford, I fent
4 the Lieutenant -General with a Regiment of
* Horfe and three Troops of Dragoons, to endea-
' vour the reducing of PaJJage-Fort, a very large
* Fort, with a Caftle in the Midft of it, having five
* Guns planted in it ; and commanding the River
* better than Duncannon^ it not being much above
* Mulket-fhot over where this Fort ftands, and we
* can bring up hither Ships of 300 Tons, without
* any Danger from Duncannon. Upon the At>
4 tempt, though our Materials were not very apt
4 for the Bufinefs, yet the Enemy call'd for Quar-
4 ter, and had it, and we the Place : We alfo pof-
4 fefTed the Guns which the Enemy had planted to
4 beat our Ships out of the Bay two Miles below.
4 By the taking of this Fort we fhall much
4 ftraiten Duncannon from Provifions by Water,
4 as we hope they are not in a Condition to get
4 much by Land ; befides the Advantage it is of to
us, to have Provifions come up the River.
4 It
Of E N G L A N D. 239
. c It hath pleafed the Lord, whilft thefe Things Inter-rcgnum.
* have been thus traniacting here, to add to your 1649.
* Interetl, mMunftertBandon-Bridge-% the Town, u — v— — ^
* as we hear, upon the Matter, thrufting out young Deambcr»
' "Jepfon, who was their Governor, or elfe he de-
' lerted it upon that Jealoufy : As alfo Kingfale and
« the Fort there, out of which Fort 400 Men
* marched upon Articles when it was furrendered ;
* fo that now, by the good Hand of the Lord, your
* Intereft in Munfter is near as good already as
' ever it was fince the War begun. I fent a Party
' about two Days ago to my Lord Broghill^ from.
* whom I expert to have an Account of all.
* Sir, what can be faid to thefe Things ? Is it an
( Arm of Flefli that doth thefe Things ? Is it the
* Wifdom and Council, or Strength of Men ? It is
* the Lord only; God will curfe that Man and his
' Houfe that dares to think otherwife. Sir, you
* fee the Work is done by Divine Leading; God
* gets into the Hearts of Men, and perfuades them
' to come under you.
6 I tell you a confiderable Party of your Army is
* fitter for an Hofpital than the Field : If the Ene-
' my did not know it I fhould have held it impo-
c litic to have writ it : They know it, yet they
4 know not what to do.
4 I humbly beg Leave to offer a Word or two.
* I beg of thofe that are faithful, that they give
' Glory to God ; I wifh it may have Influence up-
' on the Hearts and Spirits of all thofe that are now
* in Place of Government in the greateft Truft,
' that they may all in Heart draw near unto God -y
* giving him Glory by Holinefs of Life and Con-
' verfation, that thefe unfpeakable Mercies may
* teach dilTenting Brethren on all Sides to agree, at
* leaft in praifing God : And if the Father of the
' Family be fo kind, why Ihould there be fuch Jar-
* rings and Heart-burnings amongft the Children ?
* And if it will not yet be received that thefe are
* Seals of God's Approbation of your great Change
' of Government, (which indeed was no more yours
' than thefe Vi&ories. and Succeffes are ours) with
«us
240 The Parliamentary Hi STORY
Inter-regnum. « us fay even the moft unfatisfied Heart, That both
« are the righteous Judgments and mighty Works
' of God, that he hath pulled down the Mighty
r i-c L u A a J
4 from his beat, that calls to Account innocent
' Blood ; that he thus breaks the Enemies of his
4 Church in Pieces j and let them not be fullen,
' but praife the Lord, and think of us as they
4 pleafe, and we (hall be fatisfied and pray for
4 them, and wait upon our God ; and we hope we
4 mall feek the Welfare and Peace of our native
* Country ; and the Lord give them Hearts to do
* fo too. Indeed I was conftrained in my Bowels
* to write thus much : I alk your Pardon, and reft
Your moft bumble Servant^
O. CROMWELL.
For which a Thefe repeated Succefles produced an Order for
Thankfgiving public Thanks to be given to Almighty God, on
Day is appoint- , -
and about the City of London ; where the Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland's Letter was to be publickly
read to the Congregations.
Notice has been already taken of the heavy Tax
continued upon the Public in the laft Month : In
this the Houfe was as bufy in framing an A6t for
laying an Import or Excife on all foreign Commo-
dities imported into this Nation ; and on the I4th
the Bill was reported to the Houfe, when fome
Regulations were made, and a Refolution of Parlia-
ment pafs'd, c That the Houfe do, in the firft
Place, confider who fhall pay the Excife on Com-
modities imported :' And the Queftion being put,
That thefe Commodities fhould be accounted for
and paid by the firft Importer of them, the Houfe
divided, when it was carried in the Negative by 35
againft 1 5 ; and ordered to proceed in the Debate
on the particular Rates imported, another Day ;
and, in the mean Time, to refer it to the Com-
mittee of Excife, to confider of the beft Way of
collecting this Impoft on Goods imported.
The
Of ENGLAND, 241-
Dec. 14. An Act was read a third Time and inter-regntittt«
piaffed, For dijabling divers P erf ons from being ele£i- 1649.
ed Lord Mayor, Alderman, or other Officer of Trujt, ^- — \^~- *J
within the City of London, for one tear. Hereby De««"ber.
it was enacted, ' That no Perfon who had been
impriibned, or had his Eftate fequeftered, for De- A£b parted fat
linquency ; aflifted the late King againft the Par- dibbling divers
liament ; fubfcribed to the treasonable Enease- *erf?ns {ror*
. ' , 1,1 . • . • i • P"T fervina any Of*
rnent m 1647 ; had been concern d in bringing in fice in London,,
the Scots Army under the Duke of Hamilton, or
abetting the Tumults in London, Kent, EJJex, &c.
in 1648, (hould be elected Lord Mayor, Alder-
man, Common-Council-Man, or any other Offi-
cer of Truft, nor be capable of voting at any fuch
Election ; nor any one who promoted the Perfonal
Treaty with the late King at London, in 1648 ; or
that fhould refufe to fubfcribe the Engagement to
be true to the Commonwealth of England, as efta-
blimed without a King or Houfe of Lords, upon
Penalty of 200 /.'
Dec. 1 8. Another Act was pa/Ted, For difabling
fill Perfons within the la ft mentioned ReJlriflionS)
from being elected Con/tables, ghiejlmen, or other
fubordinate Officers in the City of London, or the
Liberties thereof*
Several Days more were employed in debating .Another for Jay*
the Bufmefs of Excife, and many Divifions of the J."ftaa^
Houfe thereupon, till Dec. 21, when it was finally dities.
brought to a Conclufion, arid pafled. The feveral
Rates, impofed on Goods by this Aft, are particu-
larly fpecified in the 'Journals of this Month, to
which thofe may recur who would compare them,
with the Duties laid on the fame Commodities in
our own Days.
Mention has been made, in this Volume, of the
famous Col. Lilbourne, and his Commitment to the
Tower by the Council of State. Having been tried
by a fpecial Commiflion at the Guild-Hall, but
acquitted by his Jury j and, foon after, elected a
VOL, XIX. " Q. Common-
242 tte Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. Common- Council-Man of the City of London; on
l649- the 26th of this Month a Petition was prefented to
^— -v-^ the Houfe, from feveral Aldermen and the Sheriffs
of the fame, againft him, on which they refolved,
Col Litioume's That Lieutenant-Colonel John Lilbourne was, by
Election as a the late A<Sl of Parliament, For difabling the Elec-
CommonCoun- ^ Of Divers Perfons to any Office or Place ofTrufi
t'™™°\™r within the City of London, difabled to be chofen a
void by Parlia- Common-Council-Man ; and his Election (be-
ment. jng on fae 2ift Inft. the A£t taking Place on the
I4th) was void. So great Apprehenfions had the
Houie of the Influence of Lilbourne's Popularity.
Afls for banifh- The laft Things which end this Month, and this
ing of Papifts, Calendar Year, worth Notice in the Journals , are,
MdlbTReUrf ofan Act for banifhing from the City of London^
infolvent Debt- and twenty Miles round it, all Papifts, Officers or
ore. Soldiers of Fortune, and other Delinquents ; but
at the fame Time, to (hew a little Commiferation
- for fome of their Fellow Creatures, another Act
was parted for the farther Relief of Infolvent
Debtors, being a Kind of Supplement to that pafs'd
in September foregoing.
Eflimate of the January. This Month begins with an Eftimate
charge of the of the Charge of fitting and letting out a Fleet of
simmer's &r- 44 Mcn °f Wal" and 28 Merc.hant ShiPs> Hiann'd
via- for 1^65^. with 8082 Men, to ferve for eight Months on the
narrow Seas, as a Summer's Guard for the Year
1650. The Houfe approved of this Eftimate, a-
mounting to 886,220 /. and ordered the Commif-
iions of their three Admirals to be renewed for one
whole Year. The Names of all the Ships intend-
ed for this Summer's Guard are enter'd on the
Journals; three of which being there ftyled the
Prince^ the Charles, and the Mctry, the Houfe or-
dered that it be referred to the Council of State to
give other fit Names to thofe Ships : So intent were
they upon eftablifhing their new Republic, and ex-
tinguifhing all Remains of Monarchy, that they
would not hear the Mention even of the Names of
the late King, or any of his Family.
Jan.
Of E N G L A N D. 243
Jan. 2. All that is entered in the Journals to Inter-regnant
be done this Day, was reading a third Time and l649>
pafting an Adi for fubfcribing the late Engagement. iz^^
The Preamble to which runs thus, « Whereas di-
vers difiafrected Perfons do, by fundrv Ways and x
r J '. ,} . An Ad requi-
Means, oppofe and endeavour to undermine thenng all Perfonij
Peace of the Nation under this prefent Govern- being *8 Years
ment ; fo that unlefs fpecial Care be taken, a newf .^ge' '° fubi
_,_ • )•» i i_ j r i r> i . lenbe an Engage*
War is likely to break forth : r or the preventing ment to be true
thereof, and alfo for the better uniting of this Na- to a Common-
tion, as well againit all Invafions from abroad, J^1* Gevern'
as the common Enemy at home ; and to the
end that thofe who receive Benefit and Protec-
tion from this prefent Government, may give
Aflurance of their living quietly and peaceably
under the fame, and that they will neither direct-
ly nor indirectly contrive or practice any Thing
to the Difturbance thereof:'
Then it proceeds to enact, ' That all Men
whatfoever, of the Age of eighteen Years or up-
wards, (hall take and fubfcribe the following En-
gagement : / do declare and promife that I will be
true and faithful to the Commonwealth of England,
as it is now eftablifbed^ without a King or a Houfe
of Lords.'
And, in order the more effectually to enforce
the Taking of this Engagement by the whole Na-
tion, it was further enacted, ' i, That if any Perfon
enjoying any Office, Place, or Employment, did
not fubfcribe the fame before the 20th of February
enfuingS he fhould not only be depriv'd of fuch
Office, &c. but alfo forfeit double the Value of the
Profits thereof by him received.
2. * That in cafe any Perfon, being Plaintiff or
Demandant in any Suit before the Courts at JVeJl-
minjler^ or before any other Court, in any County*
City, or Town Corporate, (hould not have taken
the faid Engagement, the Defendant might move
in Arreil of Judgment, or for a Superfedeas to flop
Q_2 all
' The Time for fubfcribing this Engagement was, afterwards,
txtended to the loth of April following : But it was entirely re-
pealed by Crwuitll and his Council, the igth of January, 1653.
244 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jmer-rcgnum. all further Proceedings, untill the Plaintiff or De-
l649- mandant fubfcribe the fame.
4 All Subfcriptions were to be taken before the
Commiflioners of the Great Seal, or Juftices of
the Peace for the County, City, or Town where
the Parties dwelt; their Names and Places of
Abode to be enter'd in a Book for that Purpofe by
the Juftices of Peace, to be by them certified to
the refpeclive Sheriffs, and delivered to the Clerk
of the Parliament, whenever fo required by the
Houfe or the Council of State.'
The Homo re- Jan. 8. The Parliament having received Letters
foivethat Gen. from General Cromwell, Lord-Lieutenant of Ire-
^edTcomede" ^a"^ Major-General Ireton, and the Lord Broghil^
home.0 CC dated at Cork the i8th and igth ult. it was refolv'd
that the faid Lord -Lieutenant be defircd to come
over, and give his Attendance in Parliament: And
that the Council of State do prepare a Letter to be
fent to him for that Purpofe, to be fign'd by the
Speaker ; and at the fame Time to render him the
Thanks of the Houfe for his great Service and
Faithfulnefs to the Commonwealth.
The fame Day a Bill, which had been fome
Time dep'ending, for fettling certain Lands upon
Cromwell and his Heirs, was reported to the Houfe,
and ordered a fccond Reading.
"Jan. 9. All this Time we hear no further of the
intended Adjournment of this Parliament, than
Tvhat has been before mentioned ; but now the
Hcufe was upon a higher Point, which feemed to
tend to their own JDifipliitioffi, with a ftrong Refe-
rence to the Manner of electing future Parliaments.
There had been a Committee appointed, the I5th
port from theof frjay }aft p^ to conuder of this Affair ; and
poimTd ttTconH-th'8 ^SY Sir*Kw»rjr lP<Mi*, Jim. made the Report
dcrof the Man- from them, by which it appears to have been the
futur°ef pe^ing Opinion of that Committee, firft that the feveral
ineot«. * ' Counties, Cities, Boroughs, and Places within the
Commonwealth of England, fhould have the re-
fpeclive Numbers hereafter expreiied, to be by
them,
Of E N G L A N D. 24$
them, from time to time, elected to fit and ferve in Jnter-regnum.
Parliament ; to confift, in the whoJe, of 400, viz.
Bedfordjhire, and 1 Northumberland,^. 8
all the Places > 6 Nottingham/hire, &c. 6
within the fame, 3 Oxfordjhire, &c. — 6
Buckingham/hire, &c. 9 Rutlandjhire, &c. — 2
Berkjhire, &c. 6 Sta ford/hire, &c. — 6
Cornwall, &c. 10 Sakf3*8& 8
Cumberland^ &c. — 4 Surrey, &c. 7
Ca?nbridgejhire, &c. 8 Southamptonjfhire,&c.. 13
Chcjhire, &c. 5 £«/*#, &c. 1 6
Derby foire^ &c. — 5 So?nerfetjhire^ &c. — 14
Devonjhire> &c. — 20 <%fcv, fee. 14
Dorfetjhire, &C. — 8 Weftmoreland, &c. - 3
Durham^ &c. 4 Wiltjhire, &C. 13
J&^JT, &c. - 14 Warwickjhlre^ &c. - 7
Glocejlerfilre^ &c.— 8 Wore eft erjhire^ &c. - 7
Hertfordjhire, &c. - 6 Torkjhire^ &c. 24
Hereford/hire^ &c. - 6 Anglefey, &c. I
HuntingdonJhtre^&CC. 4 Brecknockjhire^ &c. - 2
.&?«/, &c. • 1 8 Cardigan/hire^ &c. - 2
Leicejhrjhire, &c. — 6 Carnarvonshire, &c. I
Lincolnshire, &c. — 15 Denbighjhire,?x,c. — 2
Lancajhire, &c. — 12 Flintjhire, &c. — I
Middlefex, (except 7 /- Glamorgan/hire, &c. 3
London) 5 Merioneth/hire, &c. I
London, and Liber- 7 Monmoutb/bire, &c. 3
ties thereof, — J ' Montgomeryjhirefac. 2
Norfolk, &c. 14 Pembrokejhire, &c. - 3
Northampton/hire, &c. 8 Radnorjhire, &c. c — 2
The Committee were alfo to know the Pleafure
of the Houfe, whether there fhould be a particular
Diftribution of the foregoing Proportions, upon fe-
veral Places in each refpe£Hve County.
The other Heads of this Report related to the
Rights and Privileges of electing and fending of
Members to Parliament ; the Time of the Conti-
nuance of each Parliament; the Manner of elect-
ing the fame ; with the Qualifications of the Elec-
tors and Elecled. This
c The Total hereof amounts only to 386 : But the Numbers
ftand fo in the J<3urntlst
2.i6 72>* P arliamentary HISTORY
This Report having been read, by Parrs, all
that the Houfe refolved upon was, That the Num-
ber of Perfons to be eledted to ferve in Parliament
U!ary* for tliis Nation, {hall not exceed 400. The De-
bate on this great Affair took up many Days this
Month in a Grand Committee ; but they adjourn'd
from Time to Time without coming to any farther
Refolutions upon it.
Jan. 10. The Houfe ordered their Attorney-
General to prepare a Patent to be parted under the
Great Seal of England^ appointing Major-General
Jreton to be Prefident of the Province of Munjhr^
he obferving fuch Jnitructions as fhould be given
him by the Parliament, Council of State, or the
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland for the Time being.
As Cromwell's Commiflion to the lart-menticned
Poft was granted for three Years, this Advance-
ment of his Son-in-Law, Ireton^ mufi have been
a prodigious Addition to his Influence and Autho-
rity in that Kingdom.
Jan. 29. The Parliament refolved that every
Friday in the Week they would take into Confi-
deration the beft Ways and Means to advance the
Gofpel of Jefus Chrift and Piety ; and ordered that
the Speaker do put them in Mind thereof. In
confequence of this Order Bills were afterwards
brought in for providing a Maintenance for
Preachers in different Parts of the Nation, for en-
forcing the Obfervation of the Lord's Day, for the
more fevere Puniftiment of profane Curfing and
Swearing, and for fuppreflmg the deteftable Sins
of Inceft, Adultery, and Fornication. Of thefe
Acls of Reformation Notice will be taken in their
proper Order of Time.
The Houfe re- Jan' 3°- Upon the Lord Grey's Report from the
folvc upon a Style Council of State, That they had agreed that the
of Addrefs to Style to be ufed in all Tranfa&ions' with foreign
Powers £hould run thus, Reipublic* Anglican*
Ordines, unlefs the Parliament thought fit to
appoint
Of E N G L A N D. 247
appoint any other : After Debate it was refolved, Inter-regnum.
« That, in all Negotiations and Tranfa£ttons with J
foreign States, the Style or Title to be ufed fliould ^^ruaT"'
be P arliamentum Reipublicts Anglits : That the
Lords Commiflioners of the Great Seal be requir'd
to pafs, under the Great Seal of England, feveral
Commifiions in common Form, mutatis mutandis,
to the two Agents appointed by the Council of
State, to be employed to Spain and Portugal : And
that the Style and Title of every Addrefs to
the Parliament from foreign Princes and States,
{hall be The Portion. ent of the Commonwealth of
England, and no other Style or Title whatfoever.'
Jan. 31. The Houfe received Letters from the Several Garri-
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, at Cork, dated the ad fons in Munjter
and loth Inftant, advifmg that feveral Garrifons p^^^
in Munfter had furrendered to the Parliament's Forces.
Forces without Blood, or finking a Stroke ; and
that the Army was in fo good Health that Regi-
ments which lately marched only 400 Men, now
inarched 8 or 900 ; and that the Horfe were dif-
pofed of into Garrifons. Thefe Letters were re-
ferred to the Council of State.
February 2. Mr. Anthony Afcham having been
appointed by the Parliament to go as their Agent
into Spain, Mr. Charles Fane to Portugal, and
Mr. Richard Bradjhaw to Hamburgh, the Houfe
ordered the Commiflioners of the Great Seal to
iflue out Commiflions accordingly. And this Day
the Lord-Commiffioner IVbitlocke reported a
Draught thereof from the Council of State, which,
after fome Amendments, was agreed to by the
Houfe as follows :
P Arliamentum Reipublicte Angliae, Omnibus 6f The Form of *
Singulis, ad quos prafentes ha noftr<s Liter<ec°m™m°n to
• 07 x> /» • ft their Agents a-
•pervenerint, oalutem. Lum Annum jam pojt recu- broad,
peratam Libertatem, fc? reftitutam, favente Deo,
Angliae Rempublicam, a Parliament!) deer-stum, nee-
248 The Parliamentary HISTORV
Jnter-rcgnum. )ion E ditto edito promuhatum fit, velle atque admo~
*649- dum cupere Populum Anglicanum, fcf, quod ad j'e
VK— — v— fJ pttinet, Operam daturum, ut qua fibi Amicitia cum
!ar^' extern quibujcunque Nutionibus vel antiquitus vel
recent intercedit, farta tefia confervetur, vel ettam
redintegrato, Ji opus ejjet, Feeder e renovetur : Nos
idarco, ne Incept urn tarn bonum^ tamque $acipcnm\
Flnem fperatum non affequeretur^ cmnes Status,
PrincipeS) Civitates, ac Populos^ & prafertim Se-
renijjimum Hifpaniarum Regem^ hoc de re certiorem
faciendum effe decrevimus. Sciatis igitur, quod Nos y
DUlgentlee^ Solertles^ Fidel, ac Probitati leflijjirni
Viri Antonii Afcami plurimum tribuentes, ipfum
prtsnominatum Antonium noflrum verum & indubi-
tatum Comtniffarium, Procuratorem, Agentem, tjf
Deputatum, ad prcediftum Negotlum fccimus, con-
Jlituimus, ordinavimus, ^ deputavimus, acperPra:-
fentes facimus, conjlituimus, ordinamus, iff depu-
tamus ; dantes eldeyi & committentes plenam Pctef-
tatem & Autborltatem, Nomine nojlro, cum pree-
ditto Serenijfimo Hifpaniarum Rege, ejufque Procu-
ratoribus, Deputatis, ac Nuntiis, ad hoc fufficien-
tem Authoritatem & Potejlatem habentibus, comtnu-
nicandi, traftandi, & tranfigendi ea omnia, ques ad
Atjiicitiam, & liberum ac antiquum Commcrcium in-
ter Anglos & Hifpanos, & qnafcunque fub eorum
Ditione pofito?, promovendum & ftabiliendum ton-
ducunt & faciunt, fecundum ea Mandata, quee vfl
a Par.liatnentO) vel a Concilia Status Parliamenti
Author itate conjlituto, jam accepit, out per Literaf
accept urns eft; promittentes, bona Fide, nos, qucs in-
ter prcsdiftum Hifpaniarum Regem, ejufque Prscu-
ratores, Deputatos, ^3* Nuntios, atque preEnom\na~
turn Antonium Afcamum, noflrum Commijfarium,
Agentem, tf Deputatum, tranfacla & conclufa fue-
rint, mcdo illo quo fupradicium eft, ea omnia ra.ta
(ic firma habituros, & ex ncjira Parte obfervaturos.
In cujus Rei Tejl'umnium, hifce Literis, quibus
Manus Prolocutoris no/hi fubfcribitur, Magnum
Reipubiicee Sigillum apponi fecimus. Datum in Pa-
lat'w Weftmonafterienfl.
Fib.
Of E N G L A N D. 249
Feb. 4, The Houfe were inform'd of the Death inter-regnum.
of Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke and Montgo- l649-
mery, and Knight of the Garter. We (hall not *~^^J
meddle with the Character of this Noble Peer,
who condefcended to take a Seat amongft the Com-
mons, as one of the Representatives or the County
of Berk*) it being amply drawn by Lord Clarendon
and others. But no doubt the Houfe where he laft
fat had a great Regard for him ; fince it was this
Day ordered, That all the Members mould attend
his Corpfe out of the Town the tfadnefday fol-
lowing.
Complaint having been made of feveral Books
being lately publifhed, containing many horrid
Blafphemies and damnable and deteftable Opini-
ons, and particularly one call'd A Fiery jly ing Roll,
compofed by one Coppe ; all the Copies thereof
were ordered to be feized upon by the Serjeant at
Arms, and burnt by the Hands of the common (
Hangman. The Houfe alfo refolved to appoint
the laft of this Month to be obferved as a Day of
folemn Humiliation, Fading, and Prayer ; the
Grounds and Reafons whereof were ordered to be
publifhed in the following Terms, which as it
tends to fhew the particular Turn of thefe Times,
we fhall give from the original Edition in our own
Collections. b
' r |"^HE Lord who ruleth over Nations, who A Faft-Day ap-
* 1 difpofeth and ordereth all Things accord-^— b-
' ing to the good Pleafure of his own Will, nathij/hing certain
< in our Ao;e (as well as in former Generations) blafphemous
* exceedingly glorified his Wifdom, Power, andBooks'^
* Mercy, that he might warn and awaken theln-
' habitants of the Earth unto a diligent Inquiry after
' him, a faithful and fruitful living before him ; his
« Voice
b Printed by Edward Hu/bands and Jzbn Field, Printers to the
Parliament of England, 1649.
Hitherto the feveral A£ls and Proceedings of this Parliament
have run thus, printed by John Field for Edward Hujbands : But
on the zfth of January the Houie voted that Mr. Field, upon
the Nomination of the Speaker, be Joint-Printer. with Mr. //»/-
bands., for the future, and have an equal Share of the Ptotits.
250 T/je Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-rffgnum. c Voice and his Hand hath been heard and feen
1649. < in this Land moft eminently, in refcuing us out
*— — v— • ' * of the deftroying Hands of Tyranny, Popery, and
fchiuary. < Superftition : Which Experience of the Lord's
' wonderful Goodnefs and Mercy towards this Na-
' tion, might have wrought an anfwerable Return
' of Duty ?nd Obedience ; and the Senfe of the
' Want hereof ought to fill us with Shame, Afto-
' nifhrnent, and Confufion of Face, efpecially
« when (inftead thereof) we find in the Midft of it
' fuch crying Sins, hideous Blafphemies, and un-
* heard-of Abominations, (and that by fome under
* Pretence of Liberty, and greater Meafure of
* Light) as, after all our wonderful Deliverances,
* do manifeft themfelves to the exceeding Diftio-
* nour of God, and Reproach of our Chriftian
' Profefiion : To the End therefore that this Na-
* tion in general, and every one in particular, may
' have an Opportunity to know and acknowledge
' their Sins in the Sight of God, and be truly
* humbled for them ; and that earneft Prayer and
' Supplication may be put up on behalf of this
, ' Commonwealth, for the Advancement of the
' Kingdom of Chrift, and Propagation of his Gofpel
' throughout the fame, and all the Dominions
* thereof; that the good Hand of God may be con-
' tinued with us in perfecting his great Works,
* which have been carried on to fo good a Degree
* in England and Ireland; that all Differences
* among Brethren might be reconciled in Love ;
' that the Defigns, Combinations, and Confpira-
* cies of all wicked Men (whether within or with-
' out us) to embroil this Nation in a new War,
* may be difcovered and prevented ; and that whilft
' ungodly Men do make the Arm of Fielh their
* Confidence, we may teftify (from an abundant
' Experience of the Lord's Goodnefs) that our
* Strength is only in the living God : Be it there-
* fore enacted and declared, That Thurfday the
* laft Day of February -, 1649, be appointed and
' kept as a folemn Day of Fafting, Prayer, and
* Humiliation, for the Ends aforeiaid.'
Feb.
Of E N G L A N D. 251
Feb. 12. The Time appointed for the Conti- Inter-regnum.
nuance of the preient Council of State being up the . J 4^*
Middle of this Month, the Houfe proceeded to ^^~
the Election of a new one for the next Year •, and
firii agreed That the Number of Perions to act in A Council of
this Hi"-h Station fhould not exceed forty-one. State ekfted for
They next read over a Lift of the Names of thethe
prefent Council, and proceeded to vote every fingle
Peribn into the Office or reject them, by putting
the Queltion upon each ; when they were all re-
elected except the Earl of JMulgrave, Lord Grey
of IVarke, and Sir John D'Anvers. The two
firft were rejected without a Diviiion, the laft by
a Majority of 40 Voices againft 34 : And there
being only 37 Perfons agreed upon, the Houfe re-
folved, That it be referred to a Committee to con-
fider of the beft Way of electing four Perfons
more to be of the Council of State for the Year
enfuing, in the room of the three who had been
rejected, and the Earl of Pembroke^ deceas'd. *
The next Day, Feb. 13, the Powers given to
the Council of State by their former Instructions,
palled the 1 3th of February, 1648, were read and
agreed to, with this Addition, ' You have alfo
' hereby Power to appoint Committees, or any
' other Perfon or Perfons, for Examinations, re-
' ceiving of Informations, and preparing of Bufi-
* nefs for your Debates and Refolutions.' The
other Articles, being already given under their pro-
per Date, are unneceflary to be repeated here.
The filling up the four Vacancies in the Council ,
of State gave Occahon to much Debate and many
Divifions of the Houfe. At length, on the 2Oth
of this Month, it was refolved to elect five Per-
fons to be of this Council a j when Mr. Thomas
Chaloner^ Mr. John Gourdon, Col. Herbert Mor-
ley
a The Manner of this EJeftion is very minutely described in
the Journals j but there feems to be a Miftake as to five Perfons
being reported to have the greateft Number of Subfcriptions, and
then giving the Names of feven ; nor do thefe Authorities afiign
any Reafon for electing five inflead of four.
252 The Parliamentary Hi s T OR Y
Inter-regnum. hy, Sir Peter Wentwortb, and Lord Howard, were
1649- chofen. Sir Henry Vane, fen. was rejected by a
V-— \^-— / Majority of 54 againft 44, and the new Earl of
Pembroke without a Divifion b.
Feb. 25. Notice has been already taken, that
the Parliament had defired Lieutenant-General
Cromwell to come over into England; and this
Day it was ordered, That his Excellency have the
Ufe of the Lodgings call'd the Cockpit , the Spring-
Garden, St. James's Houfe, and the Command
of St. James's Park.
Although the Parliament had fet apart every
Wedncfday in the Week to go on with their Pro-
ceedings in the A<5r. for an equal Reprefentative
and the Regulation of Elections, nothing more was
concluded on than what we have already men-
tioned.
March. The Proceedings of the Houfe iri this
Month ran chiefly on private Affairs, few Matters
of Moment coming before them.
A Book, aflfert- On the 8th Complaint being made of a Book
ing the Obferva- lately publifhed, intitled, The Doftrine of the
SVabbat^or- Fourtb Commandment as deform d by Popery, re-
^r'dtobcburnt./5''^'^ and rejior'd to its primitive Purity, &c.
which afcertained the Oblervation of the jewijb
Sabbath : It was refolved that the faid Book is
erroneous, fcandalous, and profane ; contrary to
the Practice of the Apoftles, and of all Chriftian
Churches ; that all the printed Copies thereof be
burnt ; that the Author be apprehended ; and the
Printer and Publifher punifhed according to Law.
ABAftforerdft- Th f D Aa por fh better ^avance_
ing a new Col- /. i ^ r t , r T • -Tt i
Jege, fife, at ment fij the (jojpel and oj Learning in IreJand, was
Dublin, read a third Time, pafs'd, and ordered to be print-
ed. Hereby it was enabled, ' That all Manors
and
b He was ele£ted for Glamorganjhire at the Beginning of this
Parliament, and continued to fit among the Commons after his Fa-
ther's Deceafe ; whereupon the Houfe appointed him to fucceed to
the Offices of C-jJlos Raulorum for the Counties of Derby and Wilts,
Of E N G L A N D. 253
and Lands, lately belonging to the Archbifhoprick Int«--regnum«
of Dublin, the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick's, ^ '
and the Biihoprick of Meath, mould be fettled in '^JJJch. '
Truftees, for the Ufe of Trinity College, Dublin ;
alfo for creeling another College and a Free School
in that City ; and for Maintenance of a Mafter,
Fellows, public Profeflbrs, Scholars, We. in fuch
Manner as by the faid Truftees fhould be thought
proper, if approv'd of by the Lord-Lietenant of
Ireland, who was authorized to place or remove
all the refpedtive Officers thereof ; to allow them
fuch Stipends out of the Premifles as he fhould
think fit ; and to make Rules and Orders for the
Government thereof, fubject to fuch Alterations
as the Parliament of England fhould think proper.
The Houfe having received Advice that their
late Acl for laying an Excife upon Beer and Ale,
by being extended to private Families, had given
Occafion to great Difcontents ; the Speaker was
ordered to write Letters to the Judges who were
to go the Circuits at the Lent Affizes, to take Care
for fuppreffing all Tumults ariling thereby, and a
new Method was agreed on for collecting the Duty.
On the nth of this Month an Act was pafs'd, For felling the
For felling all the Fee-Farm Rents belonging to //^Fee-Farm Rents
Crown, in order to the better carrying on the War°f theCrown»
in Ireland, and other emergent Affairs of the Com-
monwealth ; for which Purpofe thefe Eftates were
vefted in Truftees, who were impowered to fell
the fame at eight Years Purchafe, but not under ;
nor was any Truftee to be admitted as a Purchafer
of any Part of the Premifles.
A Bill had been ordered to be brought in, ForAnA eftablifting
eftablijking a Court-Martial within the Cities of3- High Court of
London and Weftminfter, and the late Lines fl/Mice'
Communication ; which being read twice on the
I4th, it was refolved, That the Court, to beeredt-
ed by this A61, fljould bear the Name of an High
Court of Jujlice. The Bill was then committed ;
and
254 tte Parliamentary HISTORY
Intsr-reghum. and the Committee were to have Power to confider
1650. Of fuch Perfons as were Judges in the Trial of the
L~VT~ Duke of Hamilton^ &c. and fuch others as they
fhould think fit, and prcfent them to the Houfe.
March 21. This Day the Houfe refumed the
Debate on the foregoing Aft, when fome Amend-
ments were made to it, and fome Commiffioners
named, and ordered it to be cngrofled ; but it was
not finally concluded till
March 26. When being read, and a Provifo
added, * That this Adi, nor any Thing therein
contained, (hould extend to the diminifhing or lef-
fening any Power or Authority formerly given to
the Lord-General or his Council of War, or to
the Admirals at Sea, by Authority of Parliament,
for executingof Martial Law,' the Aft patted
without any Divifion.
TheEftates of Towards the latter End of this Month a Report
5dinnqlE!d ie"was macle to the Houfe from the Council of State,
ordered to° be' fe-Tnat ^ appeared, by Letters, that Sir Chriftopber
cured. Hattcn, called the Lord Hatton^ was beyond the
Seas, with the late Queen and her Son, and is ac-
tive there againft this Commonwealth, and yet en-
joys his Eftate here by Compofition. After fome
Debate en this Matter the Houfe rcfolved, on the
Queftion, * That the Eftate of Sir Cbrijlopbcr
Hatton be forthwith fequeftred :' And, to carry
this Blow farther, it was at the fame Time refolved,
' That all fuch Perfons as had compounded for
their Delinquency, and were then beyond the Seas
without Leave, their Eftates, Real and Perfonal,
fhould be forthwith fecured.' And it was referr'd
to the Sequeftrating Committee, who had long fat
at Goldfmitbs-Hall) to fee this Vote fpeedily put in
Execution.
We {hall end this Month with obferving that, by
a Report made to the Houfe from the Committee
of the Army, it appeared that the Monthly Charge
thereof in England and Ireland, amounted to
101,578 /.
April
O/ E N G L A N D. 255
April. The State the Nation was in at this Time Inter-regnunu
under this new Republic, was far from being ferene l65°-
and profperous. The Jealoufy of the Royal Fa- u"~~v""~'-' .
mily, and Infurre&ions in their Favour j the late
great Difturbance by the Levellers, whom indeed
they had crufh'd, but not flain ; and new Seels of
Principles, equally dangerous to them, every W^ek
fpringing up. Add to thefe, the Wars in Ireland^
and the Expectancy of another Invafion from Scot-
land\ all which muft, together, make this Govern-
ment uneafy on all Sides.
However, this Fragment of a Parliament had af- The Parliament
fumed to themfelves not only all the LegiuVive Sentence fix Per-
Powers that were ever enjoyed by the other twoj°hnes Ja^^t
more antient States of the Kingdom, but they even Forgery.
abforbed and exercifed the Jurifdiction of the more
ordinary Courts of Juftice, by trying and giving
Sentence, to the Pillory or otherways, againft Per-
ibns convened before them, fecundum Arbitrium^
as Mr. Whltlocke exprefly tells usa; fome Inftances
of which now lie before us : For this very Day,
April i, fix Perfons were adjudged to be fet in the
Pillory, and lofe both their Ears ; alfo to be com-
mitted to the Houfe of Correction, there to be
kept to hard Labour for one Year, for forging Bills
of Exchange, and counterfeiting Warrants, where-
by they had defrauded the Government of 3000 /.
The Debate on the Bill for regulating Elec-
tions, and making an equal Reprefentative, ftill
continued every Wednefday; and this Day, April 3,
it was again refumed in a Grand Committee of
the whole Houfe, without concluding any Thing.
Adjourned the Debate to the fame Day Se'nnight.
Ordered, * That all Patents for creajting o rAU Titles of Ho-
granting any Titles of Honour to any Perfon or "our 6rante.d
Perfons whatfoever, after the carrying away the ^GreatSS to
Great Seal to Oxford, be annulled and made void: Oxford, declare*
And that no Perfon prefume to give them the faidvoid<
Title of Honour ; nor the faid Perfon or Perfons,
to whom fuch Title is fo granted, do take the faid
Title
» Memorials, p. 424.
256 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-rcgnum. Title upon him. The Lords Commiffioners to
1650. bring in an A61 accordingly.
The fame Day feveral Aldermen of the City of
London prefented a Writing to the Houle, intitled,
e bumble and thankful Acknowledgment of the
refolvc to Lord Mayor i Aldermen^ and Commons of the City of
fupport the Par- London } giving Thanks to the Parliament for their
Gift of Richmond New Park to the City; and that
they do declare and refolve, (thro5 God's Afliftance)
•with the Hazard of their Lives and Eftates, to frand
and fall with the Parliament againft all wicked Prac-
tices and oppofite pretended Powers whatfoever.
Which being read, the laid Aldermen were again
called in, and the Speaker, in the Name of the
Houfc, returned them Thanks.
The King's April 9. This Day the Houfe refolved that the
Arms ordered to A f h j t £• fhould be taken down in all
be taken down jn „ . 111? i • /~i
ell Churches, ohips of, and belonging to, this Commonwealth ;
Ships, &c. as alfo of all Merchants or others inhabiting with-
in the fame ; and that the Admirals at Sea be re-
quired to fee the fame done accordingly. Alfo that
all Juftices of the Peace in the refpedtive Counties,
and all other public Magifr.rat.es and Officers,
Churchwardens, and Wardens of Companies, be
authoriz'd and requir'd to caufe the Arms of the late
King to be taken down and defaced in all Churches,
Chapels, and all other public Places within Eng-
land, Wales, and the Town of Berwick. This
Order to be forthwith printed and publimed; and,
confonant to it, the King's Arms were taken down
every where, and the States Arms put up in their
Stead.
April 12. The Houfe having received a Letter
from Col. Heivfon^ Governor of Dublin^ with Ad-
vice of the Surrender ofi the City and Caftle of
gilkemy furren- Kilkenny, in Ireland, the Speaker was ordered to
write him a Letter of Thanks, as an Acknow-
ledgment of his good Services therein.
The reft of this Month was taken up in deba-
ting and voting fmall Matters in regard to this Hif-
tory,
Of E N G L A N D. 257
tory, and therefore we omit them. Abftradls from Inter- regnuih;
fome particular Ac"ts paffed in it, will fall in the l650i
Sequel. A Bill for fupprefling Adultery, Inceft, ^~~~^mJ
and Fornication, was carrying on at this Time, Apn '
under very fevere Penal ties: For this Day, April 12,
the following Claufe was agreed upon to be added
to the Bill : That in cafe any married Woman foall,
from and after , be carnally known by any Man
but her Hufband^ except in cafe of Ravi/hrnent^ and
of fuch Offence be convitfed, it flail be adjudged
Felony : And every fuch Man or Woman offending
therein^ and confejjing the fame ', or being conviffed by
VerdiSl^ /hall fuffer Death , as in cafe of Felony^
without Benefit of Clergy. Provided, That this
flail not extend to any Man tuho, at the Time of
fuch Offence committed^ is not knowing that the Wo-
man is then married : And that this Act do not ex-
tend to Women wbofe Hujbands are beyond the Seas j
or who abfent themfelves from their Wives for the
Space of five Tears , when there is a common Fame
that their Hujbands are dead. This Act took up
ftill more Time in perfecting ; for, April 26, the
Time to be limited, as to a Hufband's Abfence, ei-
ther for five or three Years, being put to the Que-
ftion, it was carried for the latter, by 22 againft 14.
The Acts pafled this Month, worth ou r Notice, Afts Paffed f<**
(of which it will be fufficient to give the moft ma- ^/c^f0?
terial Claufes) were, one For Provijion for Mini- °r
Jlers^ and other pious Ufes. Hereby it was enacted, -
' That out of the Impropriations,Tythes, &c. late
belonging to Bifhops, Deans and Chapters, an
Augmentation be made to the Stipends of preach-
ing Mlnifters; that 2OOO/. per Ann. be paid to the
Matters and Heads pf Houfes in the two Univer-
fities, not exceeding ioo/. to any one of them;
and 80 /. per Ann. to the Lady Margaret's Profef-
for of Divinity at Oxford,' with feveral Claufes and
Provifoes reciting former Acts on this SubjecT:.
Another Acl was pafled, For inflifling certainPe-7or!ifil'l&er^b"
nalties for Breach of the Lord's Day and other ^jjjjjjf ^ff.the
lemn Days. By which it was enabled, * That
VOL, XIX. R Goods
258 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Intcr-rccnum. Goods cried or put to Sale on the Lord's Day, o'r
1650. Days of public Humiliation or Thankfgiving,
be feizcd : Travellers, Waggoners, &c.
not obferving thofe Days, to forfeit los. Any
Writ, Warrant, £sV. executed on thofe Days, to
be of no Effect, and the Perfon offending to forfeit
5/. No Perfon to ule or travel with Boat, Horfe,
Co;-r_h, or Sedan, except to Church, upon Pain
of iOf. The like Penalty for being in a Tavern,
Ale-houfe, &c. Dancing or profanely Singing on
any of thofe Days. Where Diftrefs could not be
found fufficient to fatisfy the refpeclive Penalties,
the Ofren-der to fit in the Stocks fix Hours.' This
Ac} was ordered to be yearly read in all Churches
the firft Lord's Day in Mortb,
The Parliament, May. The Houfe continued jealous of the De-
being apprchc-n- figns of t}ie Scots anc| tne great Armament they
f!on°hoaminSl were raifing; for, on the Receipt of a Letter
land, make an from Edinburgh, the Qth of laft Month, they or-
^ddition to their der'd it to be referr'd to the Council of State ; who
were impovvered and required, by all Ways and
Means that they fliould think fit, to prevent all In-
vafions from abroad, and to preferve the Peace of
this Nation from all Tumults and Infurrections
at home.
May 7. In purfuance of this Order Col. Morley
reported from the Council of State, that they found
it neceflary, for anfwering the laid Ends, that, be-
fides the prefent Forces, there be yet this Addition
made to them, viz. That the eight Regiments of
Horfe of the {landing Army, being now 480 Men,
•be made up 600 each : That two new Troops of
Dragoons be added to the eight now in being; and
all the ten Troops to confift of 100 Men each :
That two Troops of the faid Dragoons be arm'd
and paid as Horfe, for fuch Time as the Council
of State fhall think neceflary : That a Troop of
Horfe, to confift of 80, be raifed for the Safety of
the Ifle of Wight : That three Troops of Horfe,
of zoo each, be raifed for the Service of the Gar-
rifons
Of E N G L A N D. 259
rifons of Newcajile* Berwick, and Carlljle : That Inter-regnumf
there be alfo two new Regiments of Foot raifed, * '"^
each to confift of 1200 Men, to be paid only for Mayi"
fo long Time as the Council of State fliall find it
neceflary for the Service of the Commonwealth.
And that this Increafe of the Army will be an ad-
ditional Charge of 8259 /. IOS- %d. per Men fern.
After reading this Report the Houfe refolved
that thefe additional Forces fliall be raifed in the
Manner as above propofed, and be paid by the
Committee of the Army as they receive Significa-
tion thereof from the Council of State.
It may be remembered that, under the Tranf-
aclions of Auguft, 1648 a, we took Notice of a
Charge of High Treafon being prefented to the
Houfe of Lords againft General Cromwell by Ma-
jor Huntington ; but that failing in his Attempt to
lay it before the Commons, he threw up his Com-
miffion, and publifh'd a Narrative of his Reafons
for fo doing. From that Time we hear no more
of this Affair till this Day, May 7 ; when the Ma-
jor having applied for Payment of the Arrears due
to him from the Parliament, the Houfe not only
ordered them to be ftopp'd, but referred it to a
Committee to confider and examine the feditious
Practices of the faid Major, againft the Parliament
and Commonwealth of England^ at the Time when
the Scots invaded this Nation.
May 10. The Act for fupprefling the deteftable*
Sins of Inceft, Adultery, and Fornication, was
read a third Time, and fome Provifoes were added
to it, as,
1. c That no Party's Cohfefllon fhould be taken
as Evidence, within this Adi, againft any other but
only fuch Party fo confeffing.
2. ' Nor any Hufband to be a Witnefs againft
his Wife, nor any Wife againft her Hufband.
3. * Nor any Servant againft his or her Mafter
er Miftrefs, for any Offence punifhable by this Act.'
R 2 But
« In our i yth Volume^ p. 359,
260 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. But the 'latter Provifo being put to the Queftion,
1650. it was carried in the Negative; as was alfo ano-
— >*•"• "^ ther for continuing it only for three Years ; after
AiJ' which the whole A61, being put to the Queftion,
paffed without any more Divifion about it. The
ro.nwft material Claufes thereof were thefe ; < That
ft, Adultery, all Perfons guilty of Inceft mall fufFer Death, as in
and Fornication, cafe of Felony, without Benefit of Clergy ; that
inceftuous Marriages (hall be void, and the Chil-
dren illegitimate : That Adultery fhall alfo be
deem'd Felony, and punimed with Death ; but
this (hall not extend to any Man who, at the Time
of committing fuch Offence, did not know the
Woman to be married ; nor to any Woman
whofe Hufband mail be three Years abfent from
her, fo as fhe did not know him to be living. In.
cafe of Fornication, both Parties, for the firft Of-
fence, were to fufFer three Months Imprifonment
without Ball, and alfo give Security for their good
Behaviour for one whole Year after. Every com-
mon Bawd, for the firft Offence, to be openly
whipp'd, fet in the Pillory, and there mark'd with
a hot Iron in the Forehead with a B; alfo to be
committed to the Houfe of Correction for three
Years without Bail, and untill fufficient Security
be given for good Behaviour during Life : And the
Perfons a fecond Time found guilty of the laft re-
cited Offences were to fuffer Death. All Profe-
cutions to be commenced within twelve Months.
Mr. JVkitlocke tells us h, « That Mr. Henry M&r-
iin declared his Opinion, That the Severity of the
Punifhment by this Act, being Death, would caufe
thefe Sins to be more frequently committed, be-
caufe the People would be more cautious in com-
mitting them for Fear of the Punifhment ; and, be-
ing undifcovered, would be embolden'd the more in
the Commitment of them.'
May 1 6. The Houfe ordered a competent Num-
ber of the Acts againft Adultery, and for the bet-
ter Obfervation of the Lord's Day, &c. to be forth-
with
t> Materials, p. 440.
• Of E N G L A N D. 261
with printed at the Public Charge ; and that the Inter-regnum.
Council of State take Care to fend them to every
Parilh in the feveral Counties. juT"*"^
The Council of State had made divers Reports
on the Order, of the gth of April laft, for fecuring
the Peace of the Nation, which were all agreed
to by the Houfe : And on the i5th of this Month
another Report being made from that Council, on
occafion of raifing Money to pay the additional
Forces neceflary for that Purpofe ; and the Acl:
pafs'd in December laft, touching the Monthly Af-
iefTment expiring at Midfummer enfuing, theT}ie Montfjj
Houfe refolv'd, on the 2ift of this Month, to con- Affeflment, for
tinue the fame to Chriftmas, at the Rate of 90,000 /. Maintenance of
per Men/em for the firft Quarter, and 60,000 /. for JJ
the fecond, for Maintenance of the Forces raifed
for the Service of England and Ireland.
The fame Day, May 21, the Houfe appointed
the 1 3th of June next for a Day of public Failing
and Humiliation, in an Adi: parted for that Purpofe.
The Preamble to which, expreffing the Occafion,
we deliver from that Authority.
' Altho' this Nation hath enjoyed many Bleflings, A Faft appointed
* and great Deliverances from the Hands of God ; for the Succefs of
< yet have the People thereof multiplied their Sins, rhj^afrliament'3
* as God hath multiplied his Bleflings upon them,
' efpecially the Sins of Unthankfulnefs and Un-
' fruitfulnefs, under fuch Gofpel Means and Mer-
* cies ; which may moft juftly provoke the Lord
' to multiply his Judgments upon this Nation :
' The Parliament taking the fame into ferious
6 Confederation, as alfo the pernicious Defigns of
' the Enemies of this Commonwealth, to engage
' the fame in a new and bloody War ; and being
c truly fenfible of their own Inability to prevent or
* difappoint the fame ; and to teftify that their
' whole Dependence is upon the Lord alone, and
' upon the Freenefs of his Grace in Chrift, do
< enacl: and ordain thztTburfday the 1 3th of June
* next enfuing, be obferv'd and kept in all Churches
R < « and
262 The Parliamentary HISTORY
$nter-regnum. ' and Chapels in England and Wales, and the
1650. « Town of Berwick upon Tweed, as afolemn Day
\r**~**~* "J « of Fafting and Humiliation for the foremention-
jMa)' ' tion'd Sins, and for all other the Tranfgreflions
* whereof this Nation is guilty ; and for imploring
' the Favour of God for a Blefiing upon the Coun-
* fels and Endeavours of the Parliament, and upon
* their Forces by Land and by Sea ; and that our
* gracious God would be pleafed to give the People
* of this Nation a Heart to ferve him in Sincerity ;
* and to unite them againft all Combinations and
* Practices of foreign or domeftic Enemies to this
« Caufe of God, (which the Parliament hath and
* fhall, by his Blefling and Afiiftance, maintain to
* the End) that fo at laft, through the Goodnefs
* and Mercy of God, this Commonwealth may
* be eftablifh'd in all Truth and Peace, to the
* Glory of God, ana the Happinefs of this Nation.
* And the Minifters of the refpedlive Churches
* and Chapels aforefaid, are hereby required to
* give Notice hereof on the Lord's L)ay next pre-
* ceding the faid 1 3th of June ; at which Time
< alfo the faid Minifters are required to publilh this
* prefent AcV
The reft of this Month was chiefly taken up with
making more Preparations for withftanding the ex-
peeled Invafion from the Scots ; in which great Care,
was taken by placing Forces, Garrifons, &c. in aH
fufpedted Counties, to hinder any Infurredlions, at
that Time, which might favour fuch Attempts.
The Militia was alfo regulated by Orders and Or-
dinances for that Purpofe.
We ihall conclude the Tranfaclions of this
Month with mentioning a Piece of State the Houfe
put on, in refufing to accept a Letter from the Lord
Gerard Schaep, fent over as a Commifiioner from
the States of Holland and IJSeJl-FrieJland, direded,
A Monf. Monf. William Lenthall, Orateur de la.
Republique ^'Angleterre, ^Weftminfter; and or-
dered three of their Members to wait on him, and
fell him, That they can admit of no Addrefs to
thema
Of E N G L A N D. 263
them, by any foreign State or Prince whatfoever,but Inter-n-gnum.
in the Style already enacted and declared, viz. To l65°-
the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England. *~~TV~' J
* ° June}.
June 4. This Day Cromwell^ the Parliament's Gen. Cromwtfl
victorious General and Lord- Lieutenant of Ire- returns liol^e«
land) who had been lent for over, as already men-
tioned, took his Seat in the Houfe ; when the
Speaker, by Order, gave him Thanks (in an elo-
quent Oration, as the Journals exprefs it) for his
faithful Services ; fetting forth the great Providence
of God in thofe great and ftrange Works, which
God had wrought by him as the Inftrument.
June 6. The Parliament having refolved to ap-The parjjament
point a {landing Council for the Commonwealth, appoint their
they this Day agreed upon Sir Thomas Wlddrington Ending Cpunql.
and Serjeant Green for that Purpofe, by the Title of
Serjeants at Law for the Commonwealth) and Ro-
bert Reynolds , Efq; to be their Solluitor-General ;
And the Lords Commiffioners of the Great Seal
were ordered to fign Patents for them accordingly.
June 7. We have already taken Notice of an
A£t being pafs'd far the fuppreffing of Inceft, Adul-
tery, and Fornication, with feveral other piousA&s,
which gave fuch Encouragement to the Reforming
Members, that a Bill was order'd to be read the Fri- A Bj]j onjered ia
day enfuing, againil the Vice of Painting, wearing againft immodeft
black Patches',' and immodeft Drefles of Women : ^renffes of w°-
But no Mention is made of it in the Journal of that ^"L ^ does
Day, nor in ScoleFs Jfls ; from whence it feems
the Ladies had Intereft enough to nip this Project
in the very Bud. Probably it was the Cafe then,
as in more modern Times, for thofe Women who
would be thought modeft, to copy their Fafhions
from fuch of the Sex as were known to be other wife,
"June ii. All the Members having been requi-Gen. Cromwell
yed to give their Attendance this Day by Nine inSive
the Morning, General Cromwell ftanding up in his th^Stat" of /«.
Place in the Houfe, made a Narrative of the State land,
of
264 Tfo Parliamentary HISTORY
Ir.t .-r-rcrnum. of the Garrifons and Forces of the Enemy in Ire-
'65°- land, and their Intereft there ; and likewife of the
*• — v— ^ Parliament's Forces, in Garrifon and in the Field,
their Condition, in what Employment they were,
and under what Commands. At the End of which
it was reiblved, That it be referred to the Council of
State to take Care of fending fuch fpeedy Supplies
of Money for Ireland^ as (hall be neceflary for the
carrying on of that Work; and to fee what Money
there is in prefent View that can be made effec-
tual for that Service, and how the Obftruclions
againft bringing it in may be removed. Alfo to
confider by what Ways and Means the Reduction
and Settlement of Ireland may be perfected to the
beft Advantage, and the future Eafe of the Charge
of this Commonwealth.
A Commiflioner The fame Day theCommiffioner from the States
Pf°™tje-5tatc! of Holland vn& IVeft-Friefland^ whom we men-
pf Holland and. . . . •/ .,/. • i_ • A j j /•
Wefi.FncJland tioned to have been miltaken in his Addrefs to
admitted to an their High Mightinefles at Wejlminjler, (having al-
his Style according to their Order) was ad-
mitted to an Audience ; where he delivered in his
Credentials, and the Defires of his Matters, in
French i by word of Mouth. Soon after the Houfe
refolved to give an Anfwer to this Commiflioner
on a Day* appointed ; when being come into the
Court of Wards, and the Houfe apprized of it,
the Serjeant was fent to attend him, together with
the Matter of the Ceremonies : Being come with-
in the Door uncovered, he came up to the Bar,
the Serjeant at Arms attending on his Right Hand,
and the Matter of the Ceremonies on the Left ;
•where, after mutual Compliments between him
and Mr. Speaker, all the Members ftandino;, he
fat down in a Chair, placed at the ufual Place, on
the North Side of the Houfe ; and, being fet, Mr.
Speaker delivered this Anfwer unto him by Word
pf Mouth, viz.
* The Parliament of the Commonwealth of
e England have taken into their feripus Confidera-
' tion what your Lordmip did lately deliver unto
^ them in Behalf of your Superiors, the High and
« Potent
Of ENGLAND 265
« Potent Lords the States of Holland and Weft- Inter-regnum.
* Friejland^ unto which I am commanded, in their
« Name, to return this Ani'wer : **~~\f~~**'
4 The Parliament, both from the Motives re- ^un<
* membered in your Lordihip's Paper, and from
4 many other Reafons and Experiences of their
* own, hath, ever imce it pleafed God to reftora
4 this Commonwealth to its juft Freedom, been fo
4 apprehenfive of the common Benefits apparently
* redounding to this Nation, together with the
4 High and Mighty Lords the States of the United
* Provinces, by a ftridl Alliance between them,
* that they thought fit long fince to employ for that
4 Purpole Walter Strickland, Efq; a Member of
4 Parliament, with Addrefles as well to the States
' General, as to the High and. Potent Lords the
* States of Holland and Weft-FrieJland\ which
* Proceeding of theirs doth give a fufficient Tefti-
* mony on their Behalf, that the Fault hath not
* been in them if fo defirable an Union and Friend-
4 fhip b*etween the two Commonwealths hath not
4 been attained.
e And although the Applications made by our
4 faid Refident to the States General, on fo friend-
4 ly a Subject, and for fo good an End, have been
* hitherto neglected, and not fo much as an Audi-
4 ence yet given to him ; which the Parliament can-
4 not but take Notice of, as not underftanding why
* the Friendmip of this Commonwealth fhould be
4 of fo fmall Confideration with them : Yet the
* Parliament are fo well fatisfied with the De-
* portment of the HigTi and' Mighty Lords the
4 States of Holland and Weft-Friefland towards this
4 Commonwealth and their faid Refident Walter
4 Strickland, in the Applications which he hath
4 made on their Part, and of the Endeavours
4 which the faid High and Potent Lords, from,
4 Time to Time, have ufed with the other Pro-
4 vinces, not only to prevent any Mifunderftand-
4 ing, but to maintain all friendly and good Cor-
4 refpondency between the two States, that they
4 do the more chearfully and readily entertain what
<hath
266 The Parliamentary HISTORY
hath been propundcd to them by your Lordfhrp ;
and do refolve to anfwer thole AfTurances of
Friendfhip and neighbourly Commerce which
your Lordfhip doth give on the Behalf of your
Superiors, with moft real Returns of good Ac-
' ceptancej defiring, as an happy Refult from the
' fame, that this Commonwealth and the States of
* Holland and IVeft-FrieJland may not only corre-
4 fpond together in a neighbourly and friendly Com-
* merce, but may at laft grow up to fo ftri6l an
* Union and Alliance, as may be found necefiary
' for the Good of both.
' And as there fhall be Occafion for your Lord-
' fhip to reprefent any further Particulars concern-
' ing the Intereft of that Province, or of any Mem-
' ber thereof, whereunto there is no proper Reme-
* dy applicable in the ordinary Courfe of Juftice,
* the Parliament hath empowered the Council of
* State to receive the fame, and give fuch Anfwers
* from Time to Time as fhall be requifite, and
* may witnefs the Regard which this Common-
* wealth hath to the Friendfhip of thofe by whom
* your Lordfhip is deputed/
This being ended, Mr. Speaker, by the Ma-
tter of the Ceremonies, delivered the fame Anfwer
to the Commiilioner in Writing, fign'd by the
Clerfc : Which having received, he return'd a
Reply to this Effea :
Here follotvs an Hiatus in the Journals, and we
are left in the Dark as to the dnfwer made by
the Cotnmiflioner*
The Houfe ha- June J2. The Houfe voted that the Lord-Ge-
linrdrS>A*hatneral Fatrfax and Lieutenant-General Cromwell,
and Gen. c>cw-(^or^'^'ieuteriant °f Ireland) {hould both be com-
ivell ffiould manded to go upon the Northern Expedition,
march with an ^nd that the Council of State do acquaint them
Arrny^uito M ^.^ .^ ^ ^ Q^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^
wajrds Scotland.
June 14. Sir Gilbert Pickering reported from the
Council of State, that they had communicated the
Order
Of E N G L A N D. 267
Order of the Houfe to the two great Officers of jnter-regnum.
the Army ; that both of them expreflfed their Rea- 1650.
dinefs for this Employment; and alfo that Things ^— -v—- '
were put in fuch a Courfe, that the Army will be June.
ready to march in a fhort Time. But
yune 25. The Lord-Commiffioner Wbltkcke And Lord F«/V-
reported from the Council of State, That they b**%?£™* ^~
ing acquainted by the Lord-General Fairfax, that JhTcomSTii
ibme Difficulties were upon him concerning the that Expedition,
undertaking of the Service required of him by the
new Commiffion lent to him from the Parliament ;
thereupon the Council had appointed a Committee
to confer with his Lordmip for his Satisfaction,
which was endeavoured by them, upon a long De-
bate with his Lordmip : The Refult upon which
Conference was to this Efte£r, ; That the Lord-
General doth conceive that, upon the new Com-
miffion coming to him, the former Commiffion of
General is at an End, and he freed from that
Charge ; and in regard of his own Infirmities and
want of Health, and want of Freedom to under-
take this Service as a new Employment, and the
Greatnefs and Weight of the Charge, he kumbly
defired to be excufed ; and for that Purpofe in-
tended to fignify his Mind herein >unto the Parlia-
ment.
Here follsvjs another Hiatus in the Journals,
where, mo/l probably ', the Lord Fairfax'* real
Reafons for refigning his Commiffion were en-
tered: But this Deficiency is amply made up by
J-fr.Whitlocke in his Memorials, who has alfo
given us a Narrative of the whole Conference
on this very remarkable Occafion between Lord
Fairfax and the Committee from the Council of
State i of which himfelf was one. This there-
fore we Jhall give in his own Words.
' The Junfto of the Council of State with whom A Committee of
Cromwell confulted, having Intelligence of the?6 Cou"cil of
_,.. , T> r i • r r. i r \ r L State endeavour
King s Refolution for Scotland, of the Laws there to pcrfiiade him
made, and of Forces to affift him in his intended to it,
Jnvalion of England^ whereof they had more than
Ofdinary
268 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
ordinary AITurance ; they therefore thought it not
prudent to be behind-hand with their Enemy, nor
to be put to an After-game, to ftay till they fhould
fa&'mvzAt England -. but rather to carry the War,
from their native Country, into Scotland.
4 As to the Objection, That their Invading of
Scotland would be contrary to the Covenant, they
were fatisfied that the Covenant was broken and
diflblved before by the Scots, and was not now
binding betwixt the two Nations : That the levy-
ing Forces in Scotland, and marching fome of them
to the Borders of England, with the hoftile Acts
done by them formerly, were fufficient Grounds
for the Parliament to provide for the Security of
themfelves and Countrymen; the which could not
be fo effectually done, as by carrying the War,
which they defigned upon us, unto their own
Doors.
4 Upon thefe and many other weighty Confide-
rations, it was refolved here, That having a form'd
Army, well provided and experienced, they would
march it forthwith into Scotland; to prevent the
Scots marching into England, and the Miferies,
accompanying their Forces, to our Countrymen.
' The Lord-General Fairfax being advifed with
herein, feemed at firft to like well of it; but after-
wards being, hourly, perfuaded by the Prefbyte-
rian Minifters and his own Lady, who was a great
Patronefs of them, he declared himfelf unfatisfied
that there was a juft Ground for the Parliament
of England to fend their Army to invade Scotland:
But that in cafe the Scots fhould invade England,
then he was forward to engage againft them in De-
fence of his own Country.
4 The Council of State, fomewhat troubled at
his Excellency's Scruples, appointed Cromwell,
Lambert, Harrifon, St. John, and Whitlocke, to
be a Committee to confer hereupon with him ; and
to endeavour to fatisfy him of the Juftice and Law-
fulnefs of this Undertaking.
* Accordingly this Committee met Lord Fair-
fax^ and being Ihut up together in a Room in
Whitehall,,
Of E N G L A N D. 269
Whitehall, they went firft to Prayer, that God inter-regnwn,
would direct them in this Bufmefs ; and Cromwell l65°-
began. Moft of the Committee alfo prayed, after v— "v*-*,
which they difcourfed to this Etfeft : June*
CROMWELL. My Lord-General, we are com- An Account of
tnanded} by the Council of State , to confer with your ^e Conference
Excellency touching the prefent Defjgn (whereof you°n{ fioa*
have heard fame Debate in the Council) of marching
the Army under your Command into Scotland ; and
becaufe there jeemed to be fame Hejitation in yourfelf
as to that Journey, this Committee were appointed
to endeavour to give your Excellency Satisfaction in
any Doubts of yours which may arij'e concerning that
Affair, and the Grounds of that Refolution of the-
Council for the Journey into Scotland.
Lord-General FAIRFAX. / am very glad of
the Opportunity of conferring with this Committee*
where I find fo many of my particular Friends, as
well as of the Commonwealth, about this great Bu-
finefs of our March into Scotland ; wherein 1 d&
acknowledge my f elf not fully fatisjied as to the,
Grounds and Juftice of our Invafion into Scotland,
and I Jhall be glad to receive Satisfaction therein bj
you.
LAMBERT. Will your Excellency be pleafed ta
favour us with the particular Caufes of your Diffa-
tisfaftion ?
Lord-General. 1 Jhall very freely do //; and I
think I need not make to you^ or to any that know me,
any Proteftation of the Continuance of my Duty and
Affection to the Parliament^ and my Readinefs to
ferve them in any Thing wherein my Conscience will
give me Leave.
HARRISON. There cannot be more dejired nor ex-
pected from your Excellency.
WHITLOCKE. No Man can doubt of the Fide-
lity and Affeftion of your Excellency to the Service of
the Commonwealth ; you have given ample Tejlimony
thereof, and it will be much for the Advantage of
their Ajfairs if we may be able to give you Satisfac-
tion
270 Tlie Parliamentary HISTORV
Inter-rfgnum. tion (as I hope we Jhall) touching the particular
1650. Points ^uherein your Doubts arife.
*"— ~v~— ' ST. JOHN. I pray , my Lord, be pleafed to ac-
quaint us with your particular Objections againjl this
Journey.
Lord- General. My Lords, you will give we
Leave then, with all Freenefs, to fay to you, That
I think it doubtful whether we have a jrijl Caufe to
make an Invafion upon Scotland.
With them we arc joined in the National League
and Covenant ; and now for us, contrary thereunto r,
and without fufficient Caufe given us by them, to en-
ter into their Country with an Army, and to make
War upon them, is that which I cannot fee the Juf-
ticc of, nor how w'e Jhall be able to jujiify the Law-
fulnejs of it before God or Man.
GROMWELL. I confefs, my Lord, that, if they
have given us nv Caufe to invade them, it will not be
juftifiable for us to do it ; and to make War upon
them without a fufficient Ground for it, will be con-
trary to that which in Confcience we ought to do, and
dijpleafmg both to God and good Men.
But, my Lord, if they have invaded us, as your
Lordfiip knows they have done, fence the National
Covenant, and contrary to it, in that Action of the
J)u£e of Hamilton, ^vhith was by Ordzr and Au-
thority from the Parliament of that Kingdom, and
fo the Aft of the whole Nation by their Represent a-
tives : And if they now give us too much Caufe of
Sufpicion that they intend another Invafion upon us^
joining with their King, with whom they have made
a full Agreement, without the AJJent or Privity of
this Commonwealth, and are very bufy at this pre-
fent in raifing Forces and Money to carry on their
Deftgn : If thefe Things are not a fufficient Ground
and Caufe for us to endeavour to provide for the
Safety cf cur own Country, and to prevent the Mi~
Jeries which an Invajion of the Scots would bring
upon us, I humbly fubmit it to your Excellency's
'Judgment.
That they have formerly invaded us, and brought
a War into the Bowels of our Country ', is known to
all
Of E N G L A N D. 271
<?//, wherein God was pleafed to blsfs us with Sue- Inter-regnurm
tefs againfl them ; and that they now intend a new
Invafion upon us I do as really believe, and have as
good Intelligence of it, as we can have of any Thing
that is not yet afied.
Therefore I fay, my Lord, that, upon thefe Grounds^
I think we have a mo ft juji Caufe to begin, or rather
to return and requite their Hojiility firjl begun upon
us ; and thereby to free our Gauntry (if God /hall
be pleafed to afjift us, and I doubt not but he will)
from the great Mifery and Calamity of having an
Army of Scots within our Country.
That there will be a War between us, I fear is
unavoidable* Tour Excellency will foon determine
whether it be better to have this War in the Bowels
of another Country or of <rur own ; and that it will be
in me of them, I think it is without Scruple.
Lord-General. It is probable there will be a War
between us, but whether we Jhould begin this War+
and be on the offenfive Part, or only ftand upon our
Defence, is that which I fcruple. And although
they invaded us under the Duke of Hamilton, who
pretended the Authority of the Parliament then Jit-
ting for it, yet their fucceeding Parliament difown'd
that Engagement, and punijhed fame of the Promo-*
ters of it.
WHITLOCKE. Some of the principal Men in that
Engagement of the Duke of Hamilton'*, are now in.
great Favour and Employment with them, especially
in their Army fence raifed, and now almojl ready to
advance into England ; and I believe your Excel-
lency will judge it more Prudence for us (who have
an Army under your Command ready formed, and
experienced Soldiers, whom God hath wonderfully
prospered under your Conduft) to prevent their
coming into England, by viftting of them in their own
Country.
Lord-General. If we were affur'd of their coming
with their Army into England, / confefs it were
Prudence for us to prevent them, if we are ready
to advance into Scotland before they can march into
England ; but what Warrant have we to fall upon.
them,
272 *Tbe Parliamentary HISTORV
Inter- regnum. them, unlefs we can be affured of their Purpose ta
l65°- fall upon us ?
*— •"•*—— ' HARRISON. I think, under Favour, there cannot
be greater AJJiirance or human Probability of the In-
tentions of any State, than we have of theirs to in-
vade our Country ; clfe what means their prefent
Levies of Men and Money, and their quartering
Soldiers upon our Borders ? It is not long fin'ce they
did the like to us, and we can hardly imagine what
other Defign they can have to employ their Forces.
Lord-General. Human Probabilities are not fuf-
ficient Grounds to make M/ar upon a Neighbour Na-
tion, efpecially our Brethren of Scotland, to whom
•we are engaged in a Solemn League and Covenant.
ST. JOHN. But, my Lord, that League and Co-
venant was firji broken by themfelves, and fo dif-
folved as to us ; and the difowning of the Duke of
Hamilton'* Attion, by their latter Parliament, can-
not acquit the Injury done to us before.
CROMWELL. / fuppofe your Excellency will be
convinced of this clear 'Truth, that we are no longer
abliged by the League and Covenant which themfeives
did fir ft break.
Lord-General. / am to anfwer only for my own
Confcience, and what that yields unto as jujl and
lawful, I Jhall follow ; and what feems to me, or
what I doubt to be otherwije, I mu/i not do.
WHITLOCKE. Tour Excellency is upon a very
right Ground, and our Bufmefs is to endeavour your
Satisfaction in thofe Doubts you make : If we Jhall
Jtay till they firjl invade us, we Jhall Juffer much
Mifery to come among us, which probably we may
prevent by fending firft to them ; and furely, by the
Law of Nations, if an Ally enter in an hojlile Man-
ner into his Neighbour Nation, contrary to the Al-
liance, and be beaten out again, that Nation thus
invaded may lawfully afterwards invade the other,
to requite the former Wrongs done unto them : But
beftdes this we cannot but Jee their prefent Prepara-
tions to be again/I us, for they are in Amity with all
others ', and their Conjunction now with the King's
Party,
Of E N G L A N D. 273
Party, may plainly enough difcovcr their Dcfigns Inter-regnut
again/I this Commonwealth. l65°-
Lord -General. 7 can but fay-, as I faid before, ^— —v——
That every o:ie mujl jiand or fail by his uwn Con- •'
Science : Thofe who are fatiijied of the JuJJice of this
lVar, may chearfully proceed in it ; thoje vuho jcruple
it (as I confefs 1 do) cannot undertake any Service in.
it.
I acknowledge that which hath been faid to carry
much height and Reafon with it ; and none can have
more Power upon me than this Committee, nor none
he more ready to ferve the Parliament than myfclfy
in any Thing wherein my Confcience foall be fatisfied.
Jn this it is not ; and therefore, that I may be no Hin-
der ance to the Parliament 's Dejigns, I foall willingly
lav down my Commijfton, that it may be in their
Hands to chafe Jome worthier Perfon than myfelf^
and who may, upon clear Satisfaction of his Con-
ference, undertake this Bnf;nefs, wherein I defire to
be excufcd.
CROMWELL. / am very ferry your Lord flip
foould have Thoughts of laying down your Commif-
Jion, by which God hath blejjed you in the Perfor-
mance of fo many eminent Services for the Parlia-
ment. I pray^ my Lord, confider all your faithful
Servants^ us who are Officers, who have ferved
under you, and defire to ferve under no other Ge-
neral. It would be a great Difcouragement to all of
m, and a great Difcouragement to the djfairs of
tbe Parliament, for our Noble General to entertain
any Thoughts of laying down his CommiJJion. I hope
your Lordjhip will never give fo great an Advantage
to the public Enemy, nor fo much dijheartcn your
Friends, as to think of laying down your Commif-
fton.
LAMBERT. If your Excellency Jhould not receive
fo much Satisfaction as to continue your Command in
the Parliament's Service, I am very fearful of the
Mifchiefs which might enfue, and the Dijlraclioa.
in the public Affairs, by your laying down your Com-
mijjion ; but I hope that which hath been offered unto
you by this Committee, upon your ferious Confidera-
VOL. XIX. S //,»,
274 ^:'e Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. ticn, will fo far prevail with your noble and pious
l65°- Difpofition, and with your Affettion to this Caufc
wherein we are fo deeply engaged, as that you will
not) efpecially at this Time, leave your old Servants
and Officers, and the Conclufion of the moji glorious
Caufe that ever Men were engaged in.
HARRISON. It is indeed ', my Lord, the mojt
righteous and the mojl glorious Caufe, that ever any
of this Nation appeared in ; and now when we
hope that the Lord will give a gracious, IJfue and
Ccnclufion to it, for your Excellency then to give it
over, will fadden the Hearts of many of God's
People.
Lord-General. What would you have me do?
As far as my Conjcience will give Way I am willing
to join with you Jl ill in the Service of the Parlia-
ment ; but where the Confcience is not fatisjied, none
of you, I am fure, will engage in any Service ;
that is my Condition in this, and therefore I muji
defire to be excufed.
Thus far the Conference between Lord Fairfax
and the Committee from the Council of State.
Upon which Mr. Whitlocke remarks b, ' That tho'
none of them were fo earneft to perfuade his Lord-
fliip to continue his Commiffion as Cromwell and
the Soldiery, yet there was Reafon enough to be-
lieve they did not over-much defire it.' But Mr.
Ludlow's Account of the Lieutenant-General's Be-
haviour on this Occafton goes farther. This Me-
morialift informs us c, ' That Cromwell, upon
Lord Fairfax's Unwillingnefs to march into Scot-
land, prefs'd that, notwithftanding this, the Par-
liament would yet continue him General ; pro-
felling, for his own Part, that he would rather
chufe to ferve under his Lordfhip in his Poft,
than to command the greateft Army in Europe.'
He adds, ' That at the Meeting of the Committee
of the Council of State, which had been appoint-
ed upon Cromwell's own Motion, he adtcd his
Part
b Memorials, p. 446. c Memoirs, Vol. I. p. 315.
Of ENGLAND. 275
Part fo to the Life, that our Author really thought Inter-regnuts,
him in earneft ; which, fays he, obliged me to itep l65°-
to him as he was withdrawing, with the reft of the ' ju^T"1
Committee, out of the Council-Chamber ; and to
(iefire him that he would not, in Compliment and
Humility, obftruft the Service of the Nation by
his Refufal : But the Confequence made it fuffici-
ently evident that he had no fuch Intention.'
The fame Day that Mr. JWritlocke had reported The Parliament
to the Houfe Lord Fairfax's Defire of refigning his Pal's a Vote of
Commiffion, they refolved, That a Committee be J^/f^
appointed to go to his Lordfliip, and let him know Faithful Services*
the Parliament's high Efteem and good Accepta-
tion of thofe eminent and faithful Services, which
have, by the Blerfing of God upon his Endea-
vours, been by him performed for the Common-
wealth, to which they are perfuaded of his con*-
tinued Fidelity and Affedtion.
It was alfo ordered, That all the/Records be-
Jonging to the late Houfe of Peers, be delivered to
Air. Scobell) the prefent Clerk to the Parliament.
The next Day, June 26, the firft Thing refol-
ved on was, That all the Members of Parliament
be called out of Weftminfter-Hall; that the out-
ward Room be cleared, and the Door of the Houfe
fhut. Then the Lord Commiflioner Whitlocks-
made another Report from the Council of State,
That, in purfuance of the Order of Parliament of
the 9th of April laft, they had put an Army in Rea-
dinefs, and had given them Orders to march
Northward: And that, upon mature Confideration
of what was required by the faid Order, it was the
Opinion of that Council, That they cannot pre-
vent an Invafion from Scotland? but by the march-
ing of an Army into that Kingdom : The Juilice
andNeceflity of which Expedition was fet forth in a
Declaration ; a Draught whereof was offered to
the Confideration of Parliament.
The faid Declaration being read by Parts, and
every Part put to the Queflion, it was with fomc
S 2 Amend"
276 Tbe Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnirm. Amendments afTented unto, nem. con. Afterward
1650. it was refolded , upon the Queftion, nem. con. ' That
*-— "v — — ' it was jufr and neceflary for the Army of England
• - to march into Scotland forthwith.' The Decla-
ration was alfo ordered to be printed and publifhed,
farfan Army ^*h Several other Papers annex'd thereto, (which
into Scotland ' we have already given in their proper Order b) un-
iorthwith, der the Infpe&ion of the Council of State ; to whom
it was referred to take Care for the flopping of all
Correfpondency, Intelligence, Traffic, or Com-
merce, between England and Scotland, as they
fhould fee Caufe.
Neither this Declaration, nor fo much as an
Abftradl of it, is printed in Clarendon, Whltlocke,
or any other Hiftorian of thefe Times. It is pre-
ferved, however, in our Collection of old Pam-
phlets ; and fince it muft be now a Curiofity to
fee the Motives that induced the Parliament of
England to fend an Army to invade their Brethren,
of Scotland at this Time, contrary to the Solemn
League and Covenant long fmce made between
them, we {hall give it in its own Words c.
A DECLARATION of the PARLIAMENT of Eng-
land, upon the marching of their Army into Scot-
land.
A!fo publifh a « A • \ H E Miferies and Evils which are the fad
Declaration of « and inevitable Confequences of every War,
the Tultice and -^ *r
Neceffity there- are *° great> tnat lC ought not to be undertaken
of, * or profecuted but upon Grounds of Juftice and
' Neceffity ; efpecially between thofe with whom
' no Arguments are wanting for common Defence,
'and where Profeffion of the fame Religion fhould
' be a ftronger Bond of mutual Union.
' This Confideration hath long held back the
* Parliament of England from making Ufe of Force,
' in reference to Scotland, notwithftanding the Juf-
' tice of their Caufe, and the Greatnefs of their
* Provocation; that they might avoid the EfFufion
'of
b In this Volume, p. 40, -47; 141,2,4.
c Printed by William Duganl, by the Appointment of the Coun-
cil of State, 1650.
Of E N G L A N D. 277
e of Blood, and thofe other Miferies and Calami- Inter-regnum.
6 ties which muft in common involve even fuch of l65°-
' that Nation, who may have kept themfelves free * <*— ~v— — ^
' from the Guilt of thofe Things which compel ^une'
' this War; and whofe Principles may difpofe them
' to the fame Ends with us, when they ihall have
* difcovered their own true Intereft.
* And, in the mean time, the Parliament hath
e not been wanting in the Ofter of all fair and ami-
* cable Means for compofing the Difference and
* obtaining due Satisfaction; nor fufrcred their juft
' Refentment of the Slight and Rejection of thofe
* Offers, to carry them out immediately to the laft
* Remedy; but have with much Patience expected,
*. if the good Providence of God (hould mercifully
* difcover any fit Expedient, whereby they might
4 obtain their jult Ends, rather than by Arms.
' But by all the Obfervations we can make of
' their Actions, and out of their Declarations, and
4 by the beft Intelligence of their prefent Motions
4 and Defigns, their total Averfenefs to Amity and
* Friendfhip with this Commonwealth is moft ap-
4 parent, and the fame hoftile Difpofition conti-
* nues, notwithftanding the fignal Hand of God
4 againft them upon their late Invafion.
* Their Defign is ftill carried on, and they have
' not loft their Time in Preparations to execute
* it, both by their Treaties and Correfpondences
4 abroad, and by putting all Things in a Pofture
4 for it at home.
* The Parliament of England, upon ferious Con-
4 fideration hereof, and of their Duty to this Com-
4 monwealth, with whofe Good and Safety they
' are entruited, have judged it juft and neceflary,
* that an Army be forthwith fent into Scotland :
' The Juftice, Neceflity, and Ends whereof they
' declare in the Particulars following :
4 Wherein, not to infift upon many Wrongs and
* Provocations from the Commiflioners of Scotland^
* while they were here refident, and while nothing
' but Friendfhip and Unanimity in the fame Caufe
* was pretended by them ; their Ufurpation upou
S 3 A6U
278 The Parliamentary HISTORY
< A£ts of the Legiflative Power ; their frequent
' Pr-tenfions to, and .Conteftations about, a joint
* Intereft in fomc Adts of it ; their feducing the
* People of this Commonwealth from their Affec-
* tion and Duty to the Parliament, and to embrace
* and promote the Intereft of the late King, un-
* der Pretence of the Covenant ; laying among the
* People Foundations of Concurrence with their
' future Invafion, fufficiently evidenced by the ma-
* ny Infurre&ions breaking forth in England in
' the Year 164.8, when they invaded this Nation :
' Which Concurrence of Trouble might greatly
* have endangered the Return of Tyranny and Mi-
* fery upon us, had not the Hand of Almighty God
* mightily manifested itfelf in the carrying on of
' that Caufe, which he hath (till own'd, even with
* very great Difadvantage of Numbers and Prepa-
* rations.
* We fhall let thefe, and divers other Particulars,
' pafs, and come to that which demonftrates the
* Juftice of this prefent Undertaking ; the late Inva-
' fion of this Nation, authorized and commanded
« by the Parliament of Scotland: All of them con-
* curring in Defign to make a Prey to themfelves
< of the Engiijb) tho' fome Difference fell amongd;
* them who fhould have the greatcft Power of
* Command, and thereby the greateft Opportunity
* of advancing the Intereft of either Party, under
* the fpecious Pretence of the Covenant.
* And therein may be remembered, firft, their
* taking of Berwick and Carlijle, and putting Gar-
* rifons into them in the Year 1648, contrary to
* the Large Treaty in the Year 1640, pafled by
* the Parliaments of both Nations, by which thofe
* Towns, or any other Frontier Towns of either
* Nation, were not to be garrifon'd ; and accord -
* ingly were fo left by the Engltjh.
' By that Treaty alfo three Months. Warning
* was to have preceded War ; yet this Invafion
* was made by the Authority of the Parliament of
* Scotland, while that Treaty was in Force ; and
* that without any previous Declaration of War
4 or
O/ E N G L A N D. 279
c or Hoftility, as by that Treaty ought to have Inter- regnum.
'been. This alfo at a Time when the Parliament l65°-
' of England had Commitfioners at Edinburgh, of- *""""*7V7""""*'
* fering to compofe all Differences between the
' Nations by a Treaty, which they refufed ; and
' their wicked Defign carried on, not only by a
* Conjunction with the late King's profefs'd Party
* under Langdale ; but they feduced from their
' Duty, and drew from their Obedience, feveral
' Forces of their own Nation, and fome Englifa,
4 who were in the Pay of the Parliament of Eng-
' land, to come over out of Ireland, and treafonably
* to affift them in this Invafion.
' When it plcafed our good God wonderfully to
c appear for us, in fubduing and punifhing our
' faithlefs Invaders ; the Army, by our Authority,
' and by the Invitation of the Committee of Eftates
' of Scotland fitting at Edinburgh, (Sir Andrew Carr
* and Major Strachan being fent by them with Let-
' ters of Credence, for that Purpofe, to the Head-
' Quarters of our Army, then near Berwick) did
' march into Scotland ; and, upon further Invita-
* tion from the Committee of Eftates, by the Mar-
* quia of Argyle, Lord Elcbo, and others, a great
* Part of our Army did march clofe to Edinburgh,
' the better to countenance and encourage their
' Army ; they being then in Treaty with the Earl
' of Crawford and Lindfay, the Lord Lanerk, Sir
* George Monroe, and the reft of their Enemies, at
' Stirling Bridge ; which having produced the de-
' fired Effects, our Army was received with great
' Expreffions of Contentment and Rejoicing for
' the good Succefs which God had given them.
' The Enemies in the North Parts of England
t not being fully fubdued, and our Army ready to
' return into England, upon the further and ear-
' neft Defire of the Committee of Eftates, a con-
* fiderable Part of it was left in Scotland, untill that
' Nation was fettled in a peaceable Condition, and
' fuch Forces raifed for their Defence as they thought
' fit. This being done, our Army returned into
* England^ having been Inftruments, by the Blef-
' fing
280 The Parliamentary HISTORY"
' fing of God, of fo much Good to that Nation,
1 and fettling them in the Power which they now
4 enjoy; then highly by them acknowledged, own-
' ing our Army for their Prcfervators, as indeed,
4 under God, they were ; and profeffing their ear-
* neft Defires and firm Refolution to continue a
' grateful and conftant Amity and Friendfhip with
4 Vet now, laying afide all Confideration of for-
4 mer Kindnertes, and of their Expreflions and En-
4 gagements of Juftice and Treaties, the common
4 Bonds of human Society, they endeavour to exer-
4 cife their Power for the Deftru<5tion of thofe by
4 whofe Means they did receive it ; they again in-
4 fift upon the fame Pretenfions to Matters of our
4 Government, and take upon them to determine
* what is fundamental here; and direct and threaten
4 us, if we change not what is now eftablifhed, and
4 form it to their Mind, or accommodate it to their
4 Intereft.
* This is fufficiently cleared by the Proteftation
4 made and fent to us by their Commiflioners, the
4 Earl of Lothian, Sir John Chie/ley, and Mr. Glen-
4 dinning, upon which we then gave our Senfe in
4 a flaort Declaration ; yet thofe Commiflioners
4 were owned and juftified by the Parliament of
4 Scotland) and no Cenfure parted on them, tho'
4 defired by the Parliament of England, who fent
4 them with a Guard to Berwick) to be delivered
* to fuch as the Parliament of Scotland fnould fend
4 to receive them.
4 But becaufe real Injuries and great Provoca-
4 tions may, and ought fometimes to be, parted
4 over without War, though the Grounds of that
4 War be juft, if it be not alfo neceflary, Reafons
4 both of Prudence and Chriftianity requiring and
* perfuading it; the Parliament of England doth
4 hereby declare the Neceffity under which they are
4 concluded to make this preient Expecliti&n, which
4 they have already evidenced to be juft.
* All fair and amicable Ways of procuring
* Reparation of thofe great Damages which this
O/ ENGLAND. 281
Nation hath fuftaincd by them, and by Occafion jnter-regnum,
of their Invafion, have been rejected and denied; 165°-
and that by the prefent Parliament of Scotland, *— — v-— '
and Power now ruling there, whereby they have Jun**
owned the Wrong and Damage done to this Na-
tion by that Invalion ; which, upon due Confi-
cleration, will be found to amount to vaft Sums,
if all fhould be put upon their Account which this
Commonwealth hath fuffered by them and their
Influence, both in refpect of Ireland, the Revolt
of Part of the Fleet appointed for that Summer's
Service when they invaded, the feveral Infurrec-
tions at home, and their Invalion.
4 Their Defign and Refolution again to invade
us, will be the more evident, if we remember,
Firfti c That, upon Occafion of demanding only
a Treaty for Satisfaction for their former Inva-
fion, they do, in exprefs Terms, declare them-
felves Enemies to the Government of this Com-
monwealth, and all that adhere thereto, and lay
Foundations of Sedition, and new Infurreclion,
amongft ourfelves.
Secondly, ' In purfuance of thefe Grounds, they,
who cannot claim to themfelves the leaft Colour
of Authority or Dominion over us, yet have ta-
ken upon them, in Scotland, to proclaim Charles
Stuart .to be King of England and Ireland ; and,
in their Treaty fince with him, have promifed
him their Afllftance againft this Nation.
Thirdly, ' Before the late Invafion from Scot-
land^ the Parliament of England, upon Forefight
of their Difpofition to What followed, and feeing
their Preparation, and the Party they had feduced
in order thereunto, believing what the Event was
like to be, fent thither Commiffioners to treat for
preventing the Effufion of Blood ; but the Treaty
was refufed, and anfwered only with the imme-
diate March of their Army into England. Having
therefore again refufed the amicable Offer of a
Treaty for Peace, we have reafon to expect an-
other Jnvafion.
Fourthly,
282 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
Fourthly-, ' They have equally declared againft
us as Sectaries, as they have againft thofe of
Montrofe's Party, putting us into the fame Rank
' with Malignants and Papifts; although they can-
' not but know the Faith which we profefs, who
' defire to worfhip God in the Spirit, rejoicing in
' Jefus, and have no Confidence in the Flefti ; ha-
* ving our Hope of Juftification and Remifiion of
* Sins in the Blood of Chrift, and Salvation by the
* free Grace of God ; mourning, from our very
* Souls, that any turn that Grace into Wanton-
* nefs j being ready to bear our Witnefs againft
' them, and defirous that the licentious Practices
* of thofe who do fo, fhould be punifhcd by the
' Magistrate. We cannot but think that an Inte-
* reft of Dominion and Profit, under a Pretence of
* Prefbytery and the Covenant, is, by thefe Men,
« of more Value and Efteem than the Peace and
' Love of the Gofpel, to which all that may be
« called Difcipline or Government in the Church
* is, and ought to be, fubordinate ; and for which
* the leaft Violation of the Love and Peace before-
* mentioned ought not to be. Their Defign and
' Purpofe being thus evident, a Neceflity is upon
* us to ufe our befl Endeavours, with God's Af-
« fiftance, to prevent them, and not leave them to
* invade us at their chofen Opportunity, and our
« sreateft Difad vantage, when they fhall have com-
« pleated their Defign with Foreign States for their
' Aid, and with their Faction and Party in this Na-
' tion for Correfpondence and Concurrence in their
' Attempts upon us ; and that we may not be at
* the infupportable Charge of keeping feveral Ar-
« mies in our own Bowels, and fubje£t ourfelves to
' the Contributions, Plunderings, and barbarous
' Ufage of a Scots Army, if we fuffer them again
' to enter; or of keeping one form'd Army con-
* flantly upon the Borders, for preventing or re-
* fifting thofe Attempts upon us, which they are
* waiting an Opportunity at their beft Advantage
* to make. A Burthen from which we ought to
« apply
Of E N G L A N D. 283
'apply our beft Endeavours to free the People, Inter-regn im.
' who have fuffered fo deeply already by their
< Means; which hath been Part of their Defign,
« hereby to bring the People to a Difcontent with
' the Government from the Senfe of Charge, with-
* out confidering the Caufe of the Continuance
* thereof, that fo they may be fitted to receive their
c Impreffions, and carry on their Faction among us,
* and keep it ready for them to make ufe of when
* they (hall fee Caufe.
' And although the Injuries and Provocations
' have been great and prefiing above Meafure,
* which have been put upon us, as is evident by
' what is before alledged ; and that the Wrong-
< doers have left us no other Ways of Remedy or
* Vindication, faving what the Sword can produce;
' which, with the Bleffing of God, fucceeding,
' might invite Returns anfwerable to their Defigns
* and Attempts upon us, if we mould tread in their
« Steps : Yet the Lord is our Witnefs, thatDomina-
* tion, Revenge, or worldly Gain are not the Mo-
« tives of our Engagement in this greatUndertaking;
« but our Ends therein are, the Advancement of
4 God's Glory ; the furthering of a juft Freedom,
* where God (hall minifter the Opportunity ; the
' procuring of a fit Satisfaction for what is paft ;
' and the fettling of a clear Security for the Time
* to come, againft the like Injuries and Mifchiefs ;
* which, as we hold it moft juft and neceflary for
' us to feek after, for Prevention of our further
* Sufferings by them, and their further Guilt ; fo
' we mall much rejoice if it may be attained with-
' out Blood ; and that thofe who fear God in both
* Nations may be led, by thefe great Shakings, out
* of all carnal Confidence and Expectations, to
' meet together in the Power of true Religion and
* Holinefs, to ferve and worfhip God according to
' his Mind reveal'd in his Word ; which is our
* Hearts Defire to make the Rule of our Ways and
« Adions.
HEN. SCOBELL,
Cleric. Parliament.
The
284 7#* Parliamentary Hi s T OR Y
jnter-regnum. The fame Day, June 26, the Earl of Pembroke
l65°- reported from the Committee appointed to attend
*•— -v— ' the Lord-General Fairfax with the Vote of the
Houfe of Yeilcrday, That they had accordingly
attended on him ; and that his Lord(hip return'd
his humble Thanks to the Parliament for their
And appoint great Favour and Rcfpecls to him. The Houfe
Cromwell Cap- being alfo informed that Mr. RuJJjzvortlj, his Lord-
tain-Ocncral, on . t> •/
Lord Fairfax's ihip s Secretary, was at the Door, he was called
refigning "his in ; and acquainted Mr. Speaker, That the Lord-
Commiffion. General had commanded him to prefent to the
Parliament the laft Commiflion he received from
them ; and likcwife his firlt Commiffion, [which
"was granted in the Name of both Houfes] if they
pleafed to command it: Accordingly the laft Com-
rniffton was delivered in. Next, it was refolved
, that Mr. Rujhunrtb do likewife deliver in the fir ft
Commiflion, which was done. After all this Ce-
remony, an A61: for repealing the Ordinance and
A61 of Parliament for conflicting Thomas Lord
Fairfax Captain-General and Commander in Chief
of all the Forces raifed by their Authority, was
twice read, pafled, and ordered to be forthwith
printed and publiflied ; as was alfo another for ap-
pointing Lieutenant-General Cromwell to fuccecd
his Lord (hip in that important Station.
Mr. Whithcke attributes the great Expedition
jnacle in palling thefe two A6ts, to the Contrivance
of Cromu'eirs Friends, who urged the ill Confe-
quences of the Army's being without a Head ; and
adds, * That great Ceremonies and Congratula-
tions of the new General were made to him from
.all Sorts of People ; and that he went on roundly
•with his Bufmefs.' It is alfo obfervable, That
though Cromwell (when in Ireland) had been twice
fent to by Order of the Houfe, requiring him to
give his Attendance in Parliament, yet he always
excufed himfelf, on pretence that the public Ser-
vice requir'd his Stay there, untill he was inform'tl
by his Friends that Fairfax was fully determined
rot to fight the Scots, and had Aflurances that the
Parliament would confirm his Appointment of his
Son-
Of E N G L A N D. 285
Son-in-Law, Ireton, to be Deputy-Lieutenant of Inter-regnum.
Ireland in his Abfence. Having thus fecured the °L»
Government of one Kingdom in his own Family, jTjC^
he was left at Leifure to form the Conqueft of a
fecond ; and, by his Succefs in that Attempt, a few
Years after, arrived at the abfolute Command of
all three. And indeed it appears to have been
Cram-well's great Mafterpiece of Policy to be al-
ways courted to accept what he moft ardently
wilh'd to obtain.
'June 28. The only Aft pafled this Month worth .
•VT • i r j I r I • \ An Aft pa fad
our Notice, befides thofe above-mentioned, was, again(t profane
For better preventing and fupprejffing of profane Swearing.
Sivearing and Curfmg ; whereby it was enacted,
That every Perfon ftyling himfelf a Duke, Mar-
quis, Earl, Vifcount or Baron, (hould, for the firft
Offence, forfeit 30*. a Baronet or Knight, 20 s.
an Efquire, iQs. a Gentleman, 6s. 8;7. and all
inferior Perfons 3 j. \d. double for the fecond, £5V.
to the ninth ; and for the tenth to be bound to the
good Behaviour. The like Penalty on Women
offending ; a Wife or Widow to pay according to
the Quality of her Hufband, and a {ingle Woman
that of her Father. Penalties to be recovered by
Diftrefs and Sale of the Offenders Goods; and, in
Default thereof, the Party, if above twelve Years
of A:j;e, to be fet in the Stocks ; if under, to be
publickly whipt. This A6t, which repealed the
Statute 21. Jac. was ordered to be printed, and
alfo pubiifhed on the firft Market-Day, in every
Town, after the Receipt .thereof.
July. About the Middle of laft Month Mr. Afchamt Mr. dicta*, the
whom the Parliament had fent as their Agent into parK*Jn*s*'? .A"
Spain, was affaffinated at an Inn in Madrid, toge- hiving" been 'af-
ther with one Signer Riba, his Interpreter, byfafii
fix Englifnmen ; who inquiring for Mr. Afcham^
and being admitted to his Chamber, as he rofe to
falute them, the foremoft laid hold on him by the
Hair and ftabb'd him ; whereupon the Interpreter,
endeavouring to make his Efcape, was ftabb'd by
another.
286 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Intcr-repnum. another. The Murderers having fled for Refuge
1650. to tne Venetian Ambaflador's Houfe, who refufed
*— •— v— — ' them Entrance, they took Sanctuary in the next
Ju y* Church. When the Parliament was inform'd of
this Affair by Mr. Fifoer, their late Agent's Secre-
tary, they firft ordered that a Letter mould be writ-
ten to the King of Spain, and fign'd by their
Speaker, to demand Juftice on the Murderers of
Mr. A f chain. Next Sir Henry Mildmay having re-
ported from the Council of State, That (in regard
of the faid horrible Affaffination and Murder, and
alfo of feveral late Advertifements they had receiv'd
of divers Perfons being come into England with In-
tention of like Murder and Afl'aflination ; and that
fome faithful Perfons to the State are particularly
defigned to be attempted upon) it was the faid
Council's Opinion the Houfe (hould be moved to
take intoConfideration what they publimed, in their
Declaration of the i8th of May, 1649, on occafion
of the Murder of Dr. Dorljlaus a ; and give Order
, that fomething may be done effectually in purfu-
ance thereof, to difcourage and deter fuch bloody
and defperate Men, and their Accomplices, from
the like wicked Attempts for the future: Hereupon
the Houfe refolved that fix of thofe Perfons who
have been in Arms againft the Parliament, not be-
ing admitted to C'ompofition, and are now in their
Power and at their Mercy, be fpeedily proceeded
againft to Trial for their Lives, before the High
Court of Juftice, upon their former Offences, on
occafion of the horrid and execrable Affaffination of
Mr. Afcham, Agent for the Parliament to the King
of Spain, and of his Interpreter. Then it was fur-
The Houfe re-ther refolved that Sir John Stawel, Knight of the
folve that fix £at/j David Jenkins, Efq; a Welch Judge, Col.
RoyaJifts be tried r»r t or n \ r> r> r> n / i. r
^ and Lapt. Browne Bufiel, be four
of juftke, for of the fix ; and it was referred to the Council of
^inft^h"? a"^tate to confidcr the Cafe of the feveral Prifoners;
monwellth. °m"an^ to pr^ent Names to the Parliament, out of
which they "might ele£l two more. A Committee
was alfo appointed to confider of the Powers already
a In this Volume, p. 124. Sivcn
Of E N G L A N D. 287
given to the High Court of Juftice, and to prepare a Inter-regnum;
Draught of a Supplemental Act to impower that I 5°*.
Court* to proceed againft the faid fix Perfons ac- T^T"
cordingly.
July 3. Purfuant to the foregoing Order of the
Houfe, tor adding two more Perfons to the four
already named, as a Sacrifice to the Manes of their
Agent Afcham, the Committee this Day prefented .
to the Houfe the Names of fix Perfons for them to
chufe two out of them, who were thefe following:
Sir John IVintour^ now Prifoner in the Tower ;
William Davenavtj called Sir William Davenant ;
Col. Legge, Prifoner at Exeter-, Col.Gerrard, Pri-
foner in Caernarvon Caftle, who had been in Arms
againft the Parliament, and in the Rebellion in
Ireland ; Capt. John Randolph, taken in the Infur-.
redtion with the Earl of Holland; and Henry Stan-
ley^ for endeavouring to carry away a Frigate be-
longing to the Commonwealth. Out of thefe ths
Houfe firft voted Col. Gerrard for one, without a
Divifion; then Sir William Davenant, the famous
Poet, being put to the Queftion, the Houfe di-
vided, the Yeas and Noes each 27, when the
Speaker faved him by his fingle Voice. Henry
Stanley alfo parted in the Negative. The Houfe
then left it to the Council of State to name one
more themfelves, to make up the Number of fix
Perfons doomed to Trial ; and the next Day they
named Capt. Randolph, but the Houfe changed
him for Sir JJ^illiam Davenant ; and foon after the
Act for Trial of Sir John Stawell> and the reft,
palled without any Divifion.
July 9. This Day the Houfe voted that no Commiffion<?n
Perfon, employed as a Commiflioner of Excife, of E*cife Proh'~
n u • • i LI- T7 i bited holding an'/
ihould continue in any other public Employment other Employ-
for which he fhall receive any Salary from the meat.
Commonwealth ; nor trade or traffic in any Com-
modity excifeable, during the Time he fhall con-
tinue a Commifiioner of Excife. This Vote was
not carried without two Divifions, on the Queftion,
Intcr-regnum.
1650.
— v-
J«iy.
288 The Parliamentary HISTORY
in the Houfe, and run fo near as 29 againft 24,
and 27 againft 26.
The fame Day the Parliament received Advice
from Ireland, of a great Victory obtain'd there
againft the Rebels, the 28th of "June lafl, with a
A great viftoryLift- of their Commanders flain or taken Prifoners
ParHanJen^s thein the Adtion ; for which a Day of Thankfgiving
Forces com- was appointed to be held on the 26th Inftant,
imnded by Sir throughout all p.; land, Wales ^ and the Town of
C"'Jt> ^ Berwick. An rtct for that Purpofe, with a Decla-
ration expreffing the Grounds and Reafons thereof,
was alfo ordered to be brought in; which being a
Kind of Narrative of the Action, we fhall give
from that Authority. b
A Declaration
fetting /orth the
Particulars
thereof.
THE mighty Wonders that God hath
wrought in and for England, and the Mul-
titude of Mercies with which he has followed the
Parliament throughout, in this great Caufe which
they have undertaken, for Afierting and Recovery
of their juft Rights and Liberties, with the Efta-
bliftiment of Truth and Righteoufnefs, are al-
ways to be had in thankful Remembrance by us
and ourPofterities,and ought to endear this Com-
monwealth, after a molt peculiar Manner, to
feek the Lord, and become a People in whom
his Soul may take Delight : For he it is that hath
removed our Shoulders from the Burden, and
hath delivered us from Tyranny and Bondage :
He hath gone forth with our Armies, nnd the
Weapons that have been form'd againft us he
hath not fuffered to profper.
' A moft eminent Example of this his Grace and
Goodnefs to us, we have Occafion at this Time
to celebrate in refpect of Ireland; where God
hath not only begun his faving and delivering
Work, to our Admiration, and the Aftoniftiment
of all our Enemies, but hath almoft made an End,
and that in a moft glorious and remarkable Man-
ner j fo that we may truly fay, the Lord hath foon
« fub-
b It fecms highly probable, from the Journals, that Sir Hairy
Vane, junr. was the Penman of this Declaration.
Of E N G L A N D. 289
' fubdued our Enemies in that Nation, and turned Inter-regnum.
* his Hand againft our Adverfaries; the Haters of the l65°-
* Lord have been found Liars, and have not been <*""Tvr""<"''
' able to ft and in the Day of Battle ; but thofe cruel J" y*
' and Blood-thirfty Men have had his juft Ven-
' geance fo feafonably poured out upon them, that
' the innocent Blood of the many thoufand Pro-
' teftants there flain fmce this Rebellion, hath been
* revenged and punifhed upon the prime and emi-
* nent Actors of it. God, that is unfearchable in
* bis Councils , and in his Ways pa/} finding out, ha-
' ving call'd them to a ftrict Account, and given
' them Blood to drink, of which they were worthy,
' that all Nations may fear before him, and take
* heed how they fet themfelves againft him and
' his People.
6 It is as yet very little more than twelve Months
* when Dublin and Londonderry were the only con-
* fiderable Places in all Ireland that remained un-
' der the Power of the Parliament; and thofe were
* fo ftraitly block'd up and befieged by powerful
4 Armies of the Enemy, that there was nothing
' left, but marvellous and extraordinary Appear-
* ances of God, whereby to fet them free, and
* make PafTage and give Footing unto the Army
* fent laft Year from hence for the Reduction of
* that Dominion ; whofe Progrefs, by the Blef-
* fing of God, hath been fuch, as that, neither in
' Field nor Garrifon, the Enemy is much confider-
« able.
' The Particulars of this laft great Mercy given
* unto the Parliament's Forces under Sir Charles
* Coot, Lord Prefident of Connaugbt, againft the
* whole Army of Irijh Rebels in Ulfter, command-
e ed by the Popifh Bifhop of Clogher, have been,
4 by an Exprefs from thefaid Lord Prefident, cer-
' tified to the Parliament ; and are fiimm'd up in
c the Narrative following, and the Letters and Pa-
* pers themfelves herewith, and heretofore, print-
* ed and made public,
Voi.XIX. T IT
*The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. * IT having pleafed God fo to blefs our Armies
1650. < jn Leinfter and Munfter, that the Enemy durft
^-^ -v— ^ * no longer keep the Field in thofe Parts, the Irijh
' Rebels (having reduced themfelves into a Body
c meerly Popifti, putting all Proteftants, of what
* Quality foever, from amongft them j and, till
« when, they thought themfelves lefs capable of
' Succefs or anyBleffing) loolc'd upon the Province
' of Uljier as the fitteft Refuge for their Prcfervation
' and Subfiftence, where the Parliament's Forces lay
« fcattered in fmalleft Proportion, and (as the Na-
' ture of that large Country required) at greateft
' Diftances ; and where the Country was well near
4 wholly at their Devotion, the Papifts (which in
c thofe Parts are the moft zealous, and therefore
' the firft in the Rebellion, and moft bloody in the
« Execution) upon their own Account entirely, and
* the Scots upon their King's, by whofe Authority
* and for whofe Service this Army was raifedj and
* therefore as, by the laft Year's Experience, they
* were fure of the Scots upon that common Intereft,
* fo, for their Encouragement now, they did, by
' many Declarations difpers'd among the Scots,
' aflure them of Security and Protection, if they
* continued to own the laid King's Authority.
« Thefe Forces which, upon the Death of Owen
( Roe O'Neal, were deftitute of a Commander,
,' were fupplied by Ever MacMahon^ Bifhop of
' Clogber^ by Commiffion from Ormond^ authoriz'd
' thereunto by Charles Stuart^ eldeft Son to the
* late King, into whofe Service and Protection
* they were taken, by a Treaty mention'd in the
* faid Commiffion itfelf of the faid OrmontFs, here-
' with printed.
* This is that Army which, while it was under
' the Conduct of Ow en Roe the laft Year, did oc-
c cafion fome Jealoufies and Reproaches upon the
* Proceedings of this prefent Parliament, as if they
' had been taken into their Service ; and that fuch
* bloody Rebels Ihould have been made Ufe of
' againft the Proteftant Pajty of Engttjb and Scots,
* then under the Command of Ormond and Man-
Of ENGLAND. 291
* ro-e, that had declared themfelves againft the Par- Inter-regnum,
6 liament of England, as Sectaries, and Murderers
'of the late King: And great Ufe was made *~~r£^'
' thereof by Minifters and others, not affected to
* this prefent Government, to alienate the Minds
6 of Men from their Duty to this Parliament, and
* foment new Diffractions and Divifions amongft
* us : But as we did then, in the Sight of God and
' Sincerity of our Hearts, vindicate our Innocency
' in reference to any fuch Defigns, as by the Votes
' we then patted doth appear ; fo the vigorous and
* conftant Oppofition all along maintained againft
* them, and the thorough Execution now done by
' our Forces upon them, gives an undeniable Evi-
4 dence of our Clearnefs therein, and leaves to fu-
' ture Ages the Marks of our juft Indignation
* againft them.
' This Army, provided of this General, about
' the End of May laft, fell down into Sir Charles
* Coot's Quarters, and prefently took by Storm a
* Place upon the Frontier of Ul/Jart called Dunge-
' ven, where they put all to the Sword, except the
* Governor, whom they fent dangeroufly wounded
* to Charlemont ; from • thence they marched to
« Bally Caftle, which was prefently furrendered to
* them without any Oppofition, by the Treachery
' of fome therein.
' Thefe Succefles exceedingly puff'd up the Re-
c bels, and made them considerable, not in their
4 own Eyes only, but to the Judgment of Ormofidj
* Clanrickard, and the reft of their Party, who
' therefore advife their General, by all Means, to
' keep off from putting Things to the Hazard of
' a Battle ; having Hopes, upon this Foundation,
* and by the well managing of this fo well begun
' Succefs,to recover again, not only their late Inte-
' reft in, but the whole Dominion of Ireland; for
* tho' the Army, in effective Force, did not con-
e fift of above 600 Horfe and 4000 Foot, yet they
4 were reckoned fourteen Regiments of Foot, and
* had Officers of all Degrees proportionable to that
' Number i which, by their Intereft in the Coun-
T 2 « try
292 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. ' try as aforefaid, and by the Countenance of thefe
* fuccefsful Beginnings, they might reafonably pro-
* mife themfelves; and by them upon the Place it
' is believed, that within a very few Days they
' would have gathered in a Force of Soldiers an-
' fwerable to thofe Officers.
4 In the mean Time, all the Force that the
* Lord-Prefident of Connaugbt could draw into the
' Field to rcfift this powerful Inroad, (leaving the
' Garrifons tolerably provided for) was but 1800
* Foot and 6co Horfe, whereof 1000 Foot came
' up to him under Col. Fen-wick ', but three Days
' before he engaged the Enemy : But England may
* fay, as well as Ifrae!, It is as eafy with the Lord
* to fave with few as with many ; who was pleafed
* to put fuch Zeal and Courage into the Soldiers of
* the Parliament, that, on the 2ift of June laft>
4 they marched up towards this Army (fo exceed-
' ing them in Number, and heightened in Refolu-
' tion by late Succefles) as it lay encamp'd neas
* Lftterkemyt upon the Side of a Mountain, in-
' acceffible either for Horfe or Foot ; upon Sight
* of which the Enemy drew forth upon a Piece of
* Ground (being indeed inticed thereunto by the
* giving-back of fome of our Forlorn-Hope, or-
* dered for that Purpofe fo to do) and though that
' Ground was extremely bad, yet it pleafed God
* to put it into the Hearts of our Forces, with that
* fmall Body to advance towards them, where they
* prefently engaged them; and, by the wonderful
* Bleffing of Gofl, after an Hour's hot Difpute,
' even to Pufii of Pike, with great Refolution on
' both Sides, the Enemy was totally routed, many
' of them killed upon the Place, and the Execu-
' tion purfued ten cr eleven Miles every Way that
' Night ; fo as the Number computed to be flain
« that Day in the Purfuit, and the next Day, was
' 3000 at the leaft ; in which Action were flain
« and taken Prifoners moft of their Officers, from
' the higheft to the loweft, few efcaping; and
',many of the Heads of the principal Septs orFa-
* jmilies in that Country, of the old Irijb Rebels ;
* ibme
Of E N G L A N D, 293
* fome of whom are fince executed, and their Inter-regnum.
* Heads fet upon the Walls of Londonderry for l65°-
* the Terror of others, and as Monuments of v— "v*-^
* God's Goodnefs in their Overthrow ; the moft ^ y*
* confiderable of all which, fo far as they were
* then difcovered and known, are fet forth in a
' Lift herewith printed.
' There were alfo taken in that glorious Day,
* all their Arms, Ammunition, Colours, Bag and
* Baggage, and moft of their Horfe ; and though
' their General the Bifhop got off with a Party,
* yet he was met with (fo fure doth Divine Juftice
4 purfue, and overtake the Men of Blood) and
e taken by Major King and his Troops, near Innif-
c killing, whofe Head was alfo fent for by Sir
* Charles Coot % to accompany the reft of his
* wicked Accomplices at Derry.
' In this Day of Ul/ter's Danger and Diftrefs, k
( might reafonably have been expected that the
* Scots (who, notwithftanding their general Defec-
* tion from the Parliament to the contrary Party
' the laft Year, had yet enjoyed Peace and Pro-
' teclion from us) would have come out againft
' this perfectly Popifti Army, to the Help of the Lord
( again/} the Mighty ; but fuch was their Ingrati-
' tude, and fo great their Hatred to them whom,
' they term Sectaries, above what they bear to the
* worft of Papifts and the moft bloody Rebels, as
* that they fat neutral all the while, as referving
* themfelves to declare and fall in with the Con-
' queror, which they alfo did accordingly.
' In all this Bufmefs the Lofs on our Side was
* very fmall, fo mercifully did the Lord cover the
T 3 « Heads
a In Lord Clarendons Vindication of James Duke of Qrmand,
(printed Anno 1736) we find a particular Narrative of this Engage-
ment, together with the firft Rife and Character of this Bi/hop of
Clogber; who, as the Noble Hiftorian affirms, was hang'd by Sir
Charles Coot's Order, with all the Circumftances of Contumely,
Reproach, and Cruelty he could devife, tho', upon being taken Pri-
foner, he was promiled fair Quarter. But Mr. Whitlocke writes,
That the Bifhop died of his Wounds, a few Hours after he was
taken Prifoner ; and that fome of the Irijb Officers confefs'd,That
if the Parliament's Forces had been defeated, the Bifiiop intended
to have drawn his Army into Scotland, to promote the King's De-
%ns there.
294 Th* Parliamentary HISTORV
Interregnum. « Heads of his Servants in the Day of Battle ; fa
1650. c as only Capt. Sloper of Col. Venable's Regiment,
*— ""vp^ 4 with ii or 12 private Soldiers, were (lain; and
Juy< < Col. Fenwick, Major Gore, Capt. Gore, and an
« Enfign, with fome few others, wounded : And
4 it is a Thing moft worthy Obfervation, That
4 thofe who firft began the Rebellion in that ve-
* ry Country of Ulftcr^ and where they executed.
4 moft Cruelty and Inhumanity, fhould be referv'd
4 for God's Vengeance to be pour'd out upon them
* in that Place ; fo that we may juftly fay, Who is
4 a God like our God, our Enemies themfelves being
' Judges ! To him alone therefore be the Praife
4 and the Glory.
4 Nor was this great Mercy more wonderful
4 than feafonable, in regard of the Terms wherein
4 we ftand to Scotland, and the Ncceffity of our
4 Army's marching thither, amongft other Things,
4 for purfuing the Head of this Army of Popifh,
4 and Irijh Rebels, Charles Stuart, eldeft Son of
4 the late King ; who being beaten out from his
4 Confidences and Intimacies with the Popifh Ar-
4 my in Ireland, by the wonderful Succefs which
4 God hath been pleafed to give our Army this
4 Year and the laft, hath now no other Refuge
4 left him but Scotland,where his Hopes are (Man-
* trofe having alfo run out his Courfe, upon whofe
4 Affiftance it is known he moft affectionately de-
4 pendedb) to do that by Stratagem and Deceit
4 with the Reformed Party, which he could not
4 carry on by Force and Power, by Means of the
« Popifh
b In the latter End of ^r/7 this Year the Marquis of Montrofe
landed in Scotland, and railed Forces for the King ; but being de-
feated and taken Prifoner by a Party of Covenanters, he was fen-
tenced by the Scots Parliament, in May following, to be hang'd at
Edinburgh on a Gallows 30 Feet high, and afterwards quartered ;
which was executed accordingly, with all poflible Circumftances of
Jnfolence and Barbarity, notwithstanding he had the King's Com-
miflion, and they were at that very Time treating with his Majefty
as to the Conditions on which he was to be reftored to that Crown.
On the 12th of June the King fet Sail under a Dutch Convoy for
Scotland, and arrived on thatCoaft the 23d; but was compell'd to
promife to take the Covenant before they would permit him to come
on Shore. On the 1 5th of July he was folemnly proclaimed at £</;'«•
t>urgb Crdfs,
Of ENGLAND. 295
* Popifh Rebels and purely Malignant Party; and Inter-regnum.
* thinks now, under th*e fair Vizard of Reforma- l6S0-
' tion and the Covenant, (which he hath fwal- * Ty" "^
* lowed like ill -pleating Phyfic for a defperate *'
* Cure) to raife up a Party for himfelf in this Na-
* tion alfo, for the rooting up this prefent Govern-
f ment, and with it the Englijb Liberty, purchafed
' at fo high a Rate, and whatever elfe is near and
* dear to honeft and good Men : But the fame
' God, who is mighty in Strength, and alfo wife
* in Heart, and having fhewn himfelf in Power to
* fubdue open Enemies, will not fuffer his Arm to
' be ftiortened, in his going forth againft Hypo-
* crites and falfe Friends ; that he in all may be
* glorified, and his Praife /bread abroad throughout
* the whole Earth.
< UPON Confideration of all which, together
' with the Taking of Trecrogban about the fame
' Time, and other profperous Proceedings of our
* Forces in Ireland^ the Parliament, for Manifef-
' tation of their high and extraordinary Senfe of fo
f fignal and feafonable Mercies, have thought if
' fit, and their Duty, to fet a-part a Time for pub-
c lie and folemn Thankfgiving to be rendered to
' the Lord, the Author of thefe Mercies : And they
* do therefore ena& and ordain, That Friday the
* 26th of July be obferved and kept as a Day of
< public and holy Rejoicing and Thankfgiving to
' the Lord in all the Churches and Chapels, and
' Places of Divine Worfhip, within this Common-
' wealth of England^ Dominion of Wales> and
* Town of Berwick upon Tweed-, and that the Mi-
< nifters of the refpe&ive ParSflies and Places afore-
' faid be, and hereby they are, required and «n-
* joined to give Notice on the Lord's Day next pre-
* ceding the faid 26th of July-, of the Day fo to be
< obferved, to the end the People of their feveral
f Congregations may the more geaerally and dili-
* gently attend the public Exercifes of God's Wor-
* Slip and Service there to be di/penfed upon that
* Occafion 5 at which Time3 that the People may
*be
296 *The Parliamentary HISTORY
Intcr-regnum, ' ^e ^e more particularly and fully inform'd of this
1650. ' ' great Deliverance and Succefs, the faid Minifters
C— -v-^ ' are hereby required and (under the Penalty fet
July. « down in the Refolves of Parliament of the Qth
' of Juty, 1649) enjoined to publifh and read this
4 preient A& and Declaration d. And, for the bet-
* ter Obfervation of the Day, the Parliament doth
* hereby inhibit and forbid the Holding or Ufe of
4 all Fairs, Markets, and fervile Works of Men's
4 ordinary Callings on that Day: And all Mayors,
4 Sheriffs, Juftices of the Peace, Conftables, and
* other Officers, are hereby enjoined, to take efpe-
4 cial Care of the due Obfervance of the faid Day
4 of Thankfgiving accordingly.
By a Lift annex'd to this Declaration and Nar-
rative it appears, that befides the Bifhop of Clogher9
the Commander in Chief, there were taken Prifon-
ers two Lieutenant-Colonels, and one Quarter-
rnafter-General; and amongft thofe kill'd in the
Action and Purfuit were the Lord of Enijkellen^
the Bifhop of Down, one Major-General, five
Colonels, four Lieutenant-Colonels, two Adjutarjts
-General, four Majors, five Captains of Horfe,
and fifteen Captains of Foot, whofe Names are put
down, but unneceflary to be repeated here ; to-
gether with feveral other Field Officers, Captains,
Lieutenants, Enfigns, three Priefts and Friers,
Names unknown, 3000 private Soldiers, with all
their Ammunition, Colours, Arms, Bag, and Bag*
gage-
Then follows a Copy of the Commiffion under
the Hand and Seal of the Marquis of Ormond to
the Bifhop of Clogber^ the Original whereof was
taken, and fent over to the Parliament.
JAMES
* By thcfe Resolutions, (which are given at large in this Vo-
lume, p. 154) fuch of the Clergy as neglected to publirti the feveral
Acts and Orders of Parliament, were declared to be Delinquents j
and accordingly Mr. Jenkins, Minifter of Ckrijl's Church, London,
having refufed to obferve a Faft-Day appointed by Order of the
Houfe, he was, about this Time, fequeitered from his Benefice,
banifhed twenty Miles from London) and iufpended from Preaching
fur the future,
Of E N G L A N D. 297
JAMES Marquis of Ormond, Earl of Ormond and Inter-regnum.
O/ory, V ifcount Thurles, Lor^l Baron of Arch,
Lord-Lieutenant-General, and General Gover-
nor of the Kingdom of Ireland, Chancellor of the
Univerfity of Dublin, and Knight of the Moft
Noble Order of the Garter.
To our Trufty and Well-beloved Bifhop
EVER MACMAHON.
ORMOND.
T,J/"Hereas upon the Treaty with General Owen The Marquis of
* * O Neil, deceased, it was, amongji other par.0rmond^ Com-
ticulars, concluded and agreed upon, That in caje of^^™ *f J/ *
the Death or Removal of him, fuch other General, her.
or Commander in Chief, Jhould be authorised by Com-
tnijjion from us, to command his Majefty's Forces of
the Province of Ulfter, Natives of the Kingdom, as
Jhould be, by general Confent of the Gentry of that
Province, elected and made Choice of for the fame :
And whereas, in a general Meeting, lately held by the
faid Gentry for that Purpofe, it was agreed upon9
andfo reprefented unto us, that you Jhould exercifefhat
Command over the faid Forces ; we therefore, upon
Conjideration thereof, and of the Care, Judgment^
Valour, and Experience in Martial Affairs, as alfo
of the Readinejs and good Affettions of you ts do his
Majefty good and acceptable Service, have nomina-
ted and appointed, and we do hereby nominate and
appoint, you the faid Bijhop Ever MacMahon, to
le General of all his Ma'jejiy's faid Forces of Horfe
and Foot of the Province of Ulfter, Natives of the
Kingdom \ giving hereby unto you the faid Bijhop
Ever MacMahon full Power and Authority to take
the faid Charge and Employment upon yout and the
faid Forces, and every of them, to lead and command*
according to the Ufe and Difcipline of IVar, and fuch
further Orders and Inftruclions as you Jhall, from
Time to Time, receive from us, or other his Maje-
Jlys Chief Governor or Governors of this Kingdom
for the Time being in that Behalf; willing, and
hereby requiring all the Officers , Troopers ^ and Sol-
diers
298 The Parliamentary HISTORY*
Jnter-regnum. d{ers of the faid Forces, to obey you as their Gene-
65°' ral, and to be at and perform your Commands , en
•i-IT^^/ they Jhall ijfue unto them upon all Occaftons of his
Majefty's Service, as they will anfwer the contrary.
Jn witnefs whereof we have fign'd this your
Commiffion, and caufed our Seal of Arms to
be thereunto affix'd, at Loghreogh, the firft
Day of April, 1650.
Thus much for the Affairs of Ireland^ this Time.
The Parliament were now fo intent upon profe-
cuting their Expedition into Scotland, that on tb.€
2Qth of June, only three Days zlterCromzuelFs being
appointed Captain-General of the Army, he fet
forward from London towards the North. When
he arrived at York, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen,
and Sheriffs attended on him, and invited him and
his Officers to Dinner, where they were highly
carefs'd. At Durham Sir Arthur Hafelrigg, Go-
vernor of Newcaftle, with Col. Pride, and other
Officers, met him, and attended him to that Town,
where he arrived on the ifth. of July. During his
Stay there, a Faft was kept to implore Godjs Bkf-
fing upon the Army's Undertaking, and a Decla-
ration agreed on to be difperfed in their march -y
which, being fent up to the Parliament on the igth,
was by them ordered to be forthwith printed and
publifhed in htec Verba b :
^DECLARATION of the ARMY of England
upon their March into Scotland.
To all that are Saints, and Partakers of the Faitb
of God's Eleft, in Scotland,
the Army of En&land do» from the
nz.v - — , . -^ TT ° ,— ... . ,
my, addrefs'd to * Y V Bottom of our Hearts, wifh like Mercy
the Eleft Saints "< and Truth, Light and Liberty with ourfelves,
ofSc«/W,upon< fromGod our Father, and our Lord Jefus Chrift.
their march in- A . . , /•-.,- 111 ,
to that King- ' Although we have no Caule to doubt but that
J~«u ( the Declaration of the Parliament of the Com-
* monwealth
b From the original Edition, printed by Edward Hufoand and
Jobn FicJJ, Printers to the Parliament of Mxglentt, Jxfy 19, 3650,
Of E N G L A N D. 299
* monwealth of England, bearing Date the 26th Inter-regnum.
* of June laft, and publiflied to manifeft to the
* World the Juftice and Necefiity of fending their
4 Army into Scotland^ may fatisfy all impartial and
4 difmterefted Men in all the Nations round about
4 us, (the Matters of Fa& therein contained being
4 true, and the Conclufions made from thence, and
* the Refolutions thereupon taken, agreeable to the
4 Principles of Religion, Nature, and Nations) and
4 therefore it may feem to fome, if not improper,
4 yet fuperfluous, for us, their Army, to fay any
4 more ; yet, however, out of our Tendernefs tq-
4 wards you, whom we look upon as our Brethren,
4 and our Defire to make a Diftinclion and Sepa-
4 ration of you from the reft, as who, through the
4 cunning PracYifes of fome wicked and defigning
* Men, byafied by particular Interefts, or for want
4 of a true and right Information and Reprefenta-
4 tion of the great and wonderful Tranfa&ions
4 wrought amongft us, and brought to pafs by the
4 meer Finger of our God, may poflibly be ican-
4 dalized at fpme late Actions in England; and
4 thereby be involved in that common Caufe, fo
4 much from Heaven declared againft, by blafting
4 all Perfons and Parties that at any Time, in the
4 leaft, under what Pretence or Difguife foever,
4 engaged therein, and fo, with them, to become
4 Partakers of their Miferies :
4 We have therefore thought fit to fpeak to fome
4 Particulars, and that as in the Prefence of the
4 Lord, (to whofe Grace, and in the Dread of
4 whofe Name, we do molt humbly appeal, and
4 who, fhould we come to a Day of Engagement,
4 will be a fore Witnefs againft us, if we utter
4 thefe Things in Hypocrify, and not out of the
4 Bowels of Love, to perfuade the Hearts and Con-
4 fciences of thofe that a,re godly in Scotland) that
4 fo they may be withdrawn from partaking in the
4 Sin and Punimment of Evil Doers ; or that, at
4 leaft, we might exonerate ourfelves before God
f and Man, do remonftrate as followeth :
4 And
300 The Parliamentary HISTORY
' And for as much as we believe many godly
< People in Scotland are not fatisfied with the Pro-
' cecdings of this Nation, concerning the Death of
« the late King ; the Rejedion of his Ifliie ; the
' Change of the Government ; and feveral Actions
* converfant thereabout. Although it cannot be
* fuppofed that in this Paper we fliould anfwer all
c Objections that may be made, (thefe very Parti-
' culars alone requiring more Lines than we intend
' in the whole) yet we briefly fay, That we were
' engaged in a War with the faid King, for the
* Defence of our Religion and Liberties ; and how
* many Times Proportions for a fafe and well-
' grounded Peace were offered to him, and how
' often he refufed to confent thereto, you well
' know ; which, according to human Account,
f he might have clofed with, had not the righte-
' ous God, who knoweth the deceitful Heart of
' Man, and is the Preferver of Mankind, efpecially
' of his People in his fecret Judgment, denied him
' a Heart to aflent thereto.
.' By which Refufals he made it appear, that
c nothing lefs would fatisfy than to have it in his
' own Power to deflroy Religion and Liberties ;
' the Subverfion whereof he had fo often attempt-
c ed : That he was a Man guiky of more innocent
* Blood in England, Ireland^ and Scotland, even
* of thofe he ought to have preferved, as a Father
* his Children, than any of his Predeceflbrs, or,
' we think, than any Hiftory mentioneth ; the
' Guilt whereof he brought upon his Family by
* folemn Appeals to God : That the Son did tread
1 in the Father's Steps, and purfue his Defigns, de-
* ftruftive to Religion and Liberty : That a Party
* in Parliament, falfe to God and to their Truft,
* were willing, and did endeavour, to betray the
' Caufe into the late King's Hands : That a re-
4 mainingNumber in Parliament, defiring to be true
* to God, and to the People that intrufted them,
' (out of Integrity of Heart, and fearing that the
4 high Difpleafure of God would fall upon them,
Of ENGLAND. 301
1 if they had not done it) did bring to Juftice, and inter-regnum;
' caufe to be executed, the faid King; did reject
' the Perfon now with you; did lay afide the Hoiife
* of Lords (an Eftate not reprefenting the People,
' nor trufted with their Liberties, yet at that Time
' very forward to give up the People's Rights, and
' obftru<St what might fave them, and always apt
' enough to join with Kingly Intereft againft the
* People's Liberties, whereof we wifli you have not
' like fad Experience) ; and did, for the Good of
' the People, refolve the Government into a Com-
' monwealth.
' And having done all this, that they are not
' accountable to any other Nation, is fufficient to
? fay to you, except it be to excite you to rejoice
* in this wonderful Work of God, and to be thank-
' ful to him for fo much Deliverance as you have
' thereby, and leave the reft to the State of Eng-
* land) to whom it doth only and properly belong ;
* who have manifefted their regular Proceedings
' therein, according to the true and equitable In-
' tent of the Constitution of England, and the Re-
' prefentors of the People in Parliament, in their
' feveral and refpective Declarations, if they be
' looked into, to which we refer you. Befides,
* it is worthy Conflderation, with how many Pro-
* vidences this Series of Adion hath been blefs'd,
* which would require a Volume to recount.
' If Treaties be urged againft us, it is eafy to
' fay by whom they were broken, and how emi-
* nently, even by the then full Authority of the
' Parliament of Scotland, and the Invafion by the
* Duke of Hamilton ; and yet that not the firft
' Breach neither. And if it be faid, That hath
' been protefted againft, and revoked fence ; we afk,
' Doth that make up the Breach, fo as to challenge
' England ftill upon Agreements and Articles ?
* You know, as to Right, it doth not, except you
' fuppofe that England made their Bargain fo, that
* Scotland might break and England remain bound ;
* whereas k is a known Law of Nations, that in
< the
302 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jater-regnum. « the Breach of the League by the one Party, the
1650. t other is no longer obliged.
*— — v— - ' * If the Covenant be alledged againft us, this
Ju y* ' may be faid by us with Honefty and Clearnefs,
' Religion therein having the firft Place, Civil Li-
' berties the next, the King's Intereft and Confti-
' tutionof Parliament the laft, and thefe with Sub-
' ordination one to another : The Covenant tied
* us to preferve Religion and Liberty, as the Ends
* of it, even when thefe were inconiiftent with the
' Prefcrvation of the King's Intereft and the Frame
' of Parliament ; becaufe when the Means and the
* End cannot be enjoyed both together, the End
' is to be preferred before the Means.
' Now that there was a real Inconfiftency be-
* tween the End and the Means, and that the lefler
* did fight againft the greater, is your own Judg-
' naent ; who, in a Book of yours, call'd A necef-
' fary and feafonable Tejiimony againft Toleration t
* fay thus of the two Houfes, p. 12, And doubtlefs
( the Lord is highly dijpleafed with their Proceedings
c in the Treaty at Newport, in reference to Religion
* and the Covenant ; concerning which they accepted
4 of fucb Concejfions from his Majejly^ as, being ac-
' quiefced in, were dangerous and deftruftive to both.
c Had we not then appeared againft thefe Con-
' ceflions, and likewife thofe of both Houfes who
* acquiefced in them, had not Religion and Li-
' berty both been deftroyed, which now, by the
* Blefling of God, are preferved ? And if that Ao
' tion concerning the Parliament deferve a Charge,
* yet leaft of all from yourfelves ; who, when you
* faw the Parliament which fent the Duke of Ha-
' milton with an Army into England, proceed in
4 Ways deftru<Stive to Religion and Liberty, you
* countenanced and adted with thofe that rofe up
* for public Safety, tho' contrary to AtSts of Par-
' liament, and call'd a new one, excluding whom
* you thought fit ; all which was done by Virtue
* of Authority from the Committee of Eftates
* then fitting at Edinburgh ; which indeed was no
« Com-
Of ENGLAND. 303
c Committee, if you refpecl: Formalities, (the Inter-regnunu
4 Breach whereof you fo often charge upon us) l65°-
* being conftituted of fuch Perfons as, by Act of- L ~7V~ ~*j
4 the foregoing Parliament, had not legal Right to ^ y
4 fit or act therein ; they not having taken the Oath
* (for faithful Difcharge of the Truft repofed in
4 them, in reference to the late Engagement againft
e England) injoined by that Parliament to be taken
4 by every Member of the Committee at his firft
4 fitting, or elfe to have no Place or Vote therein,
* as is fully fet down in the Commifiion for confti-
4 tuting of that Committee of Eftates.
4 We could more particularly fet forth how the
* Committee of Eftates there fitting, according to
* the literal Senfe of the aforementioned Commif-
' fion, was broken and driven away by that Force
' raifed and acted by you as aforefaid : But we
4 fpare, not feeking to juftify our Actions by yours,
4 but to (hew, that you have done the fame Things
6 for Prefervation of Religion and Liberty, which-
* you fo highly charge as Evil upon us : And there-
* fore we further defire you ferioufly to confider, t
4 that the Inconfiftency of our Religion and Liber-
' ties, with the King's Intereft and former Con-
4 ftitution of Parliament, did not arife from our
4 Jealoufies or Pretences ; but from the Hardnefs
4 of the King's Heart, and the Backfliding of the
4 greater Part of thofe that were intrufted in the
4 Parliament, by their acquiefcing in thofe Concef-
4 lions, and endeavouring immediately to bring in
4 the King upon them. We therefore reckon it
4 no Breach, but a religious Keeping, of the Co-
4 venant according to the Equity thereof, when
4 our Parliament, for Religion and Liberty's Sake,
4 and the Intereft of the People, did remove the
4 King and Kingmip. As alfo we aflert ourfelves
4 Keepers of the Covenant, when the Competition
4 hath been between the Form and Subftance, if
4 we have altered fome Forms of the Government
* in part for the Subftance Sake.
4 As for the Prefbyterian, or any other Form of
4 Church-Government, they are not by the Cove-
* nant
304 jfife Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. * nant to be impofcd by Force; yet we do and are
1650. ' ready to embrace fo much as doth, or (hall be
l> «-v— *J i ma(je appear to us to be according to the Word
July- « Of God. Are we to be dealt with as Enemies,
' becaufe we come not to your Way ? Is all Re-
* ligion wrapt up in that or any one Form ? Doth
' that Name, or Thing, give the Difference be-
' tween thofe that are the Members of Chrift,
' and thofe that are not ? We think not fo. We
* fay, Faith working by Love is the true Cha-
* rafter of a Chriftian j and, God is our Wit-
* nefs, in whomfoever we fee any Thing of
* Chrift to be, there we reckon our Duty to love,
* waiting fof a more plentiful Effufion of the Spirit
4 of God to make all thofe Chriftians, who, by
* the Malice of the World, are diversified, and,
* by their own Carnal-mindednefs, do diverfify
* themfelves by feveral Names of Reproach, to be
* of one Heart and one Mind, worfhipping God
' with one Confent. We are defirous that thofe
* who are for the Prefbyterian Government, mould
* have all Freedom to enjoy it; and are perfuaded,
' that if it be fo much of God, as fome affirm, if
' God be trufted with his own Means, which is
* his Word powerfully and effectually preached,
- * without a too-bufy meddling with, or engaging,
* the Authorities of the World, it is able to ac-
* complifh his good Pleafure upon the Minds of
' Men, to produce and cftablim his Purpofes in
* the World, concerning the Government of his
« Church.
' And as for the Blafphemies and Herefies
' wherewith fome Statifts among you have labour-
* ed to brand us, we can fay, That we do own
' thofe found Grounds and Principles of the Chri-
' ftian Religion, preached and held by the Gene-
* rality of godly Minifters and Chriftians of thefe
' later Times ; abhorring from our Hearts, and
* being ready to bear our Witnefs againft, any de-
* teftable Blafphemies and Herefies lately broken
* out amongft us. We have already punifhed
c fome amongft us for Blafphemy, and are further
' ready
Of E N G L A N D. 305
4 ready to do it ; but how uningenuoufly we have Inter-regnum,
* been dealt with by fome amongft you, and of our l65°«
' own Countrymen, in heaping Calumnies upon ''"""Tv"
4 our Heads, to render us vile and odious to our
4 Brethren, yea and the whole World, we leave
4 to God to judge, who will, we trull, in due
4 Time, make thefe Things manifeft. But were
4 Prefbytery thus to be contended for, and that in
4 upholding it all Religion did and would flourifh ;
4 yet how improbable it is, that the Courfe taken
' by thofe in Authority with you will produce the
* Things you defire, to fay no more, let your own
4 Experiences a little mind you.
* What Pretenders were fome Lords and other
4 Perfons in the North of Ireland, whilft they
* mingled the Prefbyterian with the Kingly Inte-
4 reft j and the Minifters, by their Preaching, fe-
4 duced the People from their Obedience to Eng-
4 land, under the fame Pretence : But no fooner
4 had thofe Perfons got the Power into their own
4 Hands, but they fhook off the Minifters by
4 Threatenings, caufing fome of them to quit the
4 Country, and, in general, difcouraging the Ex-
4 ercife of the Government there; declaring plainly
4 by their Actions, that it was but a Device to
4 draw on the Royal Intereft ; and thofe very Per-
4 fons that did get Power into their Hands under
' thofe Pretences, immediately joined with Owen
4 Roe O'Ntal, and thofe bloody Irijh Rebels upon
4 the' Kingly Intereft.
4 It will not be unfit to mind you alfo, how the
* Nobility and fome of the Minifters of Scotland*
4 preaching and crying up a War againft England^
4 under Pretence of the Covenant, did thereby lay
4 a Foundation to the Duke of Hamilton's getting
4 the Command of that Army ; who, over-num-
4 bering them in Parliament, 'Power, and Friends,
4 and by the Advantage of Malignants, thruft all
4 that you could call the good Party out of Power
4 and Authority ; himfelf getting the Command of
4 that Army into England, and leaving his Brother
4 a,nd other Kindred in Power in Scotland.
VOL, XIX. U < Thus,
306 ffle Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. < Thus, upon the fame Ground and Pretence to
1650. « carry on the Kingly Intereft, have you been twice
^— ~v * deceived ; and now he is brought in amonc; you,
' who hath turned every Stone, and tried all Friends
c and Allies in foreign Parts ; endeavoured Com-
« motions at home by his wicked and malignant
6 Inftruments ; commiffioned Rupert, the French^
* and all that piratical Generation, who do fpoil,
' take, plunder, arid deftroy our Ships and Trade
4 at Sea, and all to the end he might deflroy the
6 People of God, and the Peace of the three Na-
c tions : And now being, by his Mother and the
< Popifh Interefts abroad, counfelled thereto, hath
* made a Compliance with you, as his laft Refuge;
* who, even whilft he was treating with you, had
e his Heart fet upon Montrofe and his Accomplices,
6 (writing Letters, and fending particular Orders
< to him) and upon his Popifh Army in Ireland, to
* whom he had given Commiflions, and whom he
' ftill owned as his faithful Subjects, notwithftand-
« ing all the innocent Blood by them (hed ; and
' would never be induced to comply, or clofe with
' the Covenant and Prefbytery, till utterly difap-
' pointed of all thofe his Malignant and Popifli
* Hopes and Confidences.
' Is there not now juft Caufe for all good Men
< with you to fear that one fo bred, fo engaged and
' interefted, and meerly in fuch a Way coming
' in to you, doth but watch his Opportunity (to
* fpeak nothing of the Weight of the Blood of
' Saints under the Altar, crying ftill for Vengeance
' upon him and that Family) till by his Influence
' upon your Army, which you know how com-
* pofed, he may gain his Ends upon you ; and how
' likewife the Generality of the People of Scotland
* are affected, is not unworthy of your moft ferious
, ' Confideration, nor of a friendly Intimation from,
« us.
' But that which moft awakens us is, That not-
' withftanding all this, and all the Wrongs done to
* England from Scotland, they refufe to do us Right ;
' fo that what Wrongs foevcr we have, or fhall
* fuftain,
Of E N G L A N D. 307
4 fuftain,muft be without Remedy,and we alfo with"
c out Security for the future, as is fufficiently expo-
' ftulated in the Parliament of -fiV/gvWsDeclaration
* aforementioned ; and the Seeds laid of a perpe-
* tual War, by talcing our grand Enemy into your
''.Bofoms, and your Engagement to him, in the
4 late Treaty with him, to reftore him to the Pof-
4 feflion of England and Ireland; and therefore
4 we call Heaven and Earth to witnefs, whether or
4 no we have not Caufe to defend ourfelves, by hin-
4 dering the prefent Power of ScQtland from ta-
4 king their Time and Advantage to impofe thus
4 upon us : And whether they have now any juft
4 Reafon to wonder at the Approach of an Army
4 to their Borders, and the taking fome of their
4 Ships by ours ; yea, whether our coming into
4 Scotland with an Army, upon fo clear a Ground,
4 be any other than a juft and neceflary Defence
4 of ourfelves, for Prefervation of thofe Rights
4 and Liberties which Divine Providence hath, thro'
4 the Expence of fo much Blood and Trealure,
4 given us ; and thofe amongft you have engaged
4 they will, if they can, wreft from us ; unlefs it
4 muft be taken for granted that the Parliament
4 of England ought to lit ftill and be filent vvhilft
4 their Ruin is contrived, their Friends and Bre-
4 thren deftroyed by Sea and Land, whom in Con-
4 fcience and Duty, both before God and Man,
4 they ought to preferve.
* And now we come to fpeak to all thofe who
4 are within the Compafs pf the Title of this De-
4 claration ; that we undertake this Bufmefs in the
4 Fear of God, with Bowels full of Love, yea,
4 full of Pity, to the Inhabitants of the Country »
* and if it fliall pleafe God to make Scotland fen-
4 fible of the Wrongs done to us, and to give to
4 the Commonwealth of England a fatisfying Se-
4 curity againft future Injuries, we fliall rejoice ;
4 but if that may not be obtain'd, we {hall defire
4 fuch as fear God not to join or have to do with
4 thofe who are the Authors and Actors of fo much
< Evil and Mifchief againft their Neighbours : And
U 2 'we
308 ¥be Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. ' we dare fay, to the Praife of God, that that which
1650. < moves us to this great Undertaking, is not any
^-"**"V"""""1^ ' Reliance upon the Arm of Fleih, or being lifted
' up with the Remembrance of former Succefles,
' or the Defire of accomplifhing any Defigns of
' our own that we have forelaid ; but the full Af-
' furance we have that our Caufe is juil and righte-
' ous in the Sight of God; looking at all precedent
' Changes, and the SuccefTes that have produced
' them, not as the Work of the Policy or Strength of
' Man, but as the eminent Actings of the Provi-
' dence and Power of God to bring forth hisGood-
' will and Pleafure, concerning the Things which
' he hath determined in the World. And we are
' confident, that as he hath hitherto glorioufly ap-
' peared, fo he will ftill, bearing witnefs to the
' Righteoufnefs of this Caufe, in great Mercy and
' Pity of the Infirmities and Failings of us his
* poor Creatures : And we do moft humbly implore
' his divine Majefty to give a merciful Teftimony,
' whether the Actings of divers Men amongft you
' have not proceeded from worldly Intcrefts, toge-
* ther with the Rancour and Bitternefs of their
* Spirits, who, we fear, thro' Envy atlnftruments,
* have refufed to acknowledge his Hand and Good-
* nefs in the Accomplishment of thefe great
' Changes; and whether ours have not come from
' the Simplicity of our and other his poor Servants
* Hearts; who, we truft, have defired, though in
* the Midfl of manifold Weaknefles, to follow him
* in Integrity, through difficult Paths, having no-
( thing but Danger and Ruin appearing to the
' Flefh, and little to encourage us, faving thofe
' fignal Manifeflations of his Prefence in thofe
* high Acts of his Providence, and the Fear of
' his Name, left he going before, we fliould not
c follow.
« And this we can further add, That nothing is
' fo predominant within us (next to our Duty to
' God, nor to betray a Caufe to which he hath fo
* much witnefled) as the Lo\re we have towards
* thofe that fear God there}-who may poffibly fuf-
« fer
Of ENGLAND 309
* fer through their own Miftakes, or our Difabi- Inter- regnum,
* lity to diftinguifh in a common Calamity ; of l6s°'
' which Chriftian Love we hope we gave fome **""Ty"""'
4 Proof and Teftimony when we were ] aft in Scot-
' land with this Army, and were by God made in-
* ftrumental to break the Power of thofe that then j
' opprefled the godly Party there, and were then rea- '
' dy, at their Defire, to do every Thing on their
' Behalf which might put them into the Seat of
' Authority and Power ; whofe Confciences know
* this is true, and for which this late Aft of En-
* gagement to their new King againft England, is
' no good Requital ; nor their heaping on us the
* Reproach of a Sectarian Army, a Chriftian Deal-
' ing : All which we do with Comfort commend
' to God, and can, notwithftanding all this, fay,
* By the Grace of God, we can forgive and for-
* get thofe Things, and can and do defire of God
* that the Precious in Scotland may be feparated
c from the Vile; which is the End of this our Paper.
' And to the Truth of this let the God of Heaven,
' in his great Mercy pardoning our Weaknefles,
* judge of us when we come to meet our Enemies
' in the Field, if, through the Perverfenefs of any
* in Authority with you, God lhall pleafe to or-
' der the Decifion of this Controverfy by the Sword ;
6 which we, from our Hearts, befeech the Lord to
' avert, and to give you the like Chriftian and
* Brotherly Affedtion towards us, which we, by
* God's Grace, bear towards you.
Sign'd in the Name^ and by the Appointment^ of
his Excellency the Lord-General Cromwell
and his Council of Officers.
JO. RUSHWORTH, Secretary.
Befides the foregoing Declaration of the Army,
To all that are Saints^ and Partakers of the Faith
of God's Elefl) another was publifhed by Crotn-
•well, on his Arrival at Berwick; which was alfo
reprinted at London on the 23d of this Month, by
Order of Parliament, and therefore requires a Place
in this Work. It was addrefled thus :
u 3 r«
310 Tie Parliamentary HISTORY
To the People of SCOTLAND.
< "Y T£ THereas the Army under my Conduct, by
« V V tne Authority of the Parliament of the
4 Commonwealth of England^ is to advance into
Another to thcc Scotland^ upon the Grounds, and for the Ends,
/wlngleral.'"' exprefled in their Declaration of June 26, 1650:
' And considering the feveral Ways and Pra6tices
* of fome in that Kingdom, whole Defign it hath
' been, and ftill is, by all Manner of groundlefs
' and unjuft Reproaches, and moft falfe Slanders,
« to make the Army odious, and to render us unto
' the People as fuch that are to be abhorred of all
' pious, peaceable, and fober Spirits, and to be
' rather Monfters than Men.
* We think fit therefore, for the clearing of our-
4 felves, to remind you of our former Deportment
' and Behaviour ; when, about two Years fince,
« we entered into the Kingdom of Scotland, and
« then carried in by the Hand of Divine Provi-
« dence, and through the earneft Invitation of thofe
' now in prefent Authority and Power with you,
* What Injury or Wrong did we then do, either
* to the Perfons, Houfes, or Goods of any? Whofe
' Ox have we taken ? Did we feek any Thing for
' ourfelves ? Did we other than preferve the Beft-
* affected from their and our moft defperate Ene-
* mies ? And having efrablifhed our Inviters in their
* Power, without doing the leaft Violence to any,
* we returned to our own Nation. And, confr-
* dering this, we have Caufe to hope that thofe for-
' mer Carriages of ours are not fo foon forgotten,
* and that the prefent Mifrcports of what our
* Dealings will be, {hall not difturb nor affright
* the People from their Houfes and Dwellings.
* And for Satisfaction of all thofe that are Lo-
* vers of Religion, Peace, and public Liberty; and
* being dcfirous to put a Difference between the In-
* nocent and the Guilty, we do hereby declare, in
' the Integrity cf our Hearts, That, as to the Gen-
' try and Commonalty of the Nation of Scotland,
* whofe Habitations are in thofe Places whither the
* Army,
Of E N G L A N D. 311
* Army, by the Providence of God, may come; Inter-regnum,
' as we know full well they are not the Perfons, l65°-
* who, by their Councils and Undertakings, have V:"-v — •*
"' lai^l the certain Foundation of a fecond unrigh- July*
' teous and unjuft Invafion of England^ by doling
c with, and entertaining of, him who ftirs up, and
' labours to engage, many foreign Princes to invade
* the Commonwealth of England j and hath exer-
* cifed actual Hoftility againft the Nation, by de-
' ftroying the People, and commiflionating Pirates
' to kill our Men, and to rob, fpoil, and take away
' our Ships and Goods by Sea, to the Ruin ofEng-
' land? fo much as in him lies ; nor of thofe who
' have refufed fo much as a Treaty with the Com-
* monwealth of England? wherein only a juft and
* equal Satisfaction for paft Injuries was aimed at,
' and a Security for a firm Peace between the two
' Nations defired : Which Denial, and other Prac-
* tices, hath put us upon this unavoidable Necef-
' fity of entering into Scotland? unlefs we would
' have flood ftill, and feen not only the Deftruc-
* tion of the Godly and Well -affected, but alfo of
* the very Power of Godlinefs and Holinefs in both
' Nations : So we mail not (the Lord continuing
* his Goodnefs and Prefence to us) offer the leaft
* Violence and Injury to the Perfons, Goods, or
' Pofleflions of any of them ; but ftrive and labour
* to our utmoft to prevent all Diforders that happen.
' from an Army, and to give all fpeedy Redrefs and
* Satisfaction that poflibly may be, when any juft
* Complaint of Mifcarriage mall be made.
' And upon the Confidence of thefe our fincere
' and honeft Intentions, (which we hope our good
* and gracious God will enable us to perform) we
c do hereby invite all fuch Perfons to ftay and abide
' in their own Houfes and Habitations, where they
' may and mall enjoy what they have in Peace ;
4 and not to fuffer themfelves to be mifled by the
* Craft and Subtilty of any, into that which muft
* needs prove their inevitable Lofs and Ruin, and
' a great Hazard to their Country.
« How- ' '
312 72tf Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. ' Howfoever we have done this as our Duty to
1650. < God, and for Satisfaction to all good Men.
*— - -v— -J Signed in the Narne^ and by the Appointment , of
his Excellency the Lord-General Cromwell and
his Council of Officer s^
J. RUSHWORTH, Sec.
July 24. Sir Henry Mildmay reported from the
Council of State, That it was their Opinion, in
regard of the many Defigns now on Foot, if
any Infurre&ions (hould happen, the Public Peace
would be much the more endangered, by Occa-
fion of the late King's Children remaining here,
who may be made Ufe of to the Prejudice of the
Public ; which they left to the Confideration of
the Houfe to provide fuch Remedy therein as to
their Wifdoms fhall feem meet.
On which, after fome Debate, it was refolved^
The Parliament < That Henry Stuart, third Son to the late King,
p?nce/5°Jeandand the ^a^ Elizabeth his Daughter, {hould be
Princds 'jEilxa- removed forthwith beyond the Seas, out of the Li-
betb cut 01 Eng-m\ts of this Commonwealth.' And that it be
land. ]eft to t]ie Council of State to confider of a fit Place
to remove them to, the Manner of fending them
thither, and of a fit Maintenance for their Sup-
port, during the Pleafure of Parliament.
We have already taken Notice that fome Prefby-
terian Minifters had neglected or refufed to publifh
the Ads and Ordinances of Parliament,fmce the
King was beheaded and the Houfe of Lords fet
afide, which gave Occafion to the foregoing Re-
7oSiEingnshf folutions touching the Clergy a : And the Houfe be-
riffs to difperfe ing informed that feveral Sheriffs of Counties had
the Orders, fife, been equally regardlefs of their Votes and Orders,
of the Houfe, ^^ found jt neCeffary to pafs an &Q_ tf\\s Month,
requiring all Sheriffs to appoint Deputies to re-
ceive and tranfmit the Acts, Orders, and Direc-
tions of the Parliament and Council of State, and
to make Returns thereof, as they fhould be enjoined
by either of thofe Authorities.
Auguft
• At F« 154* in this Volume.
Of ENGLAND.
Auguft i . This Month begins with another Re- Inter-regnum.
port made to the Houfe from the Council of State, l65°-
That they had Intelligence from fome who were in <""""v"7"'^'
Cuftody, and other concurrent Testimonies, of a
Defign ready to break out, which would have been
of imminent Danger to the Parliament, and all
that adhere to them, if not timely prevented, many
being engaged therein ; and the Difcovery made by
fuchlas were in the Defign : That the Council,
thereupon, had ordered all the Horfes to be feiz'd,
in the City and Parts adjacent, to prevent Ufe to
be made of them by thofe who were concerned in
this Bufinefs j which, as they were informed, was
near breaking out, but, as they hoped, might now be
broken. The Houfe approved of all the Council
had done in the Affair, but we hear no more of it.
The next Day, Aug. 2, an Act parted the Houfe, And another for-
inhibiting all Trade, Traffic or Intercourfe with [bidding all inter-'
Scotland, and for enjoining the Departure of all^with5"<-
Scotfmen out of the Commonwealth ; which was
ordered to be forthwith printed and publifhed, and
proclaimed by Beat of Drum and Sound of Trum-
pet.
The Houfe now proceeded on Ways and Means Ways and Means
for raifing Monies for the conftant Payment of°f "ifing Sup-
their numerous Armies in Ireland and Scotland ; plies%
in which, amongft others, deep Search was made
after Delinquents Eftates, though they had raked
into them, feemingly, as far as they could be-
fore. A Committee was appointed to confider
of the Names of more Delinquents for their Eftates
to be fold ; and that the Eftates of fo many of
them be put to Sale, as may be fufficient Security
for the Loan of 200,000 /. and a Bill was ordered
to be brought in for that Purpofe, and alfo for rai-
fing Money on Deans and Chapters Lands.
But as Supplies of this bort muft have an End,
and the Extending of Commerce is the only ef-
fectual Fund for enabling the Subject to pay
Taxes, an Act was pafled, about this Time, for
the
314
Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum.
)'
Auguft.
Advancemoit of
Trade.
the Advancing and Regulating the Trade of the
Commonwealth.
Hitherto we have given an Abftract of the moft
material Acts pafied by this Remnant of a Parlia-
ment, nor does that now 'before us deferve lefs
Notice : P\>r thefe Laws, though made by Ufur-
pers of the Legifiative Authority, may probably
furnifh many ufeful Hints for Reformation and
Improvement under a lawful Government. And,
in fact, feveral Statutes enacted fmce the Reftora-
tion, have taken their Rife from fuch as were
made during the Commonwealth and Protectorate.
The Preamble to the laft-mention'd Act runs thus :
An Aa appoint- ' The Parliament of England taking into their
ing Commiflion-. < Care the Maintenance and Advance of theTraf-
fi.c> Trade> and feveral Manufadures of this Na-
tion; and being defirous to improve and multiply
tne fame for 'the beft Advantage and Benefit
' thereof; to the end that the poor People of this
' Land may be fet on Work, and their Families
' preferved from Beggary and Ruin ; that the Com-
' monwealth might be enriched thereby, and no
* Occafion left either for Idlenefs or Poverty : And
* duly weighing that the Trade of this Nation,
c both at home and abroad, being rightly driven
' and regularly managed, doth exceedingly con-
* duce to the Strength, Wealth, Honour, and Pro-
' fperity thereof; and, on the contrary, that the
* negligent, irregular, and defective Management
' of Trade, muft neceflarily prove difadvantageous
' to the feveral Trades in particular, and to the
* Commonwealth in general : For the preventing
* of which Mifchiefs and Inconveniences, and for
* the better regulating of Trade for the future,
«feV.'
Then the Act proceeds to appoint Commif-
fioners to be a ftanding Council for the Regulation
of Trade, according to certain Inftruclions, to this
Effect:
i. ' To take Notice of all the native Commo-
' dities of England, or what Time or Induftry may
.' hereafter make native} and advife how they may
4 not
Of E N G L A N D 315
x not only be fully manufactured, but well and Injer-regnum.
c truly wrought, to the Honour and Profit of the l65°-
' Commonwealth. *•— -v— «^;
2. ' To confider how the Trades and Manufac- Auguft'
' tures of this Nation may moft fitly and equally
* be diftributed ; to the end one Part may not
* abound with Trade, and another remain poor for
6 want of it.
3. ' How Trade may moft conveniently be dri-
e ven from one Part of the Nation to another; to
' which Purpofe they are to confider how Rivers
* may be made more navigable, and Ports more
' capable of Shipping.
4. ' How the Commodities of England may be
' vented, to the beft Advantage, into foreign
' Gentries, and not undervalued by ill Manage-
* ment ; how Obftructions of Trade into foreign
* Parts may be removed ; and how new Ways and
6 Places may be found out for better venting of na-
' live Commodities.
5. ' How free Ports for foreign Commodities
' imported (without paying of Cuftom, if again
' exported) may be appointed, and in what Man-
' ner the fame is beft to be effected.
6. * To contrive that a moft exact Account be
4 kept of all Commodities imported and exported,
c that a perfect Balance of Trade may be taken ;
4 whereby the Commonwealth may not be impo-
' verifhed by receiving of Commodities yearly from
* foreign Parts, of a greater Value than what were
* carried out.
7. ' To confider the Value of the Engtijh Coin,
c and the Par thereof, in relation to the intrinfic
* Value which it bears in Weight and Finenefs with
' the Coin of other Nations ; alfo of the State of
' Exchange, and of the Gain or Lofs that comes to
* the Commonwealth by the Exchange now ufed
' by Merchants.
8. * To inquire what Cuftoms, Impofts, and
* Excife are fit to be laid upon all Commodities,
' either native or imported ; and how they may be
* beft regulated, and fo equally laid and managed
' as
3 1 6 7#<? Parliamentary HISTORY'
Xnter-regmim. * as neither Trade may be hindered, nor the State
1650. ' made incapable to defray public Charges.
9. ' To confider whether it be necefiary to give
ay to a more Open Trade than that of Com-
* panies, and in what Manner it is fitteft to be
' done ; wherein to take Care that Government
* and Order in Trade may be preferved, and Con-
' fufion avoided.
10. ' To inform themfelves of the particular
' Ordinances, Grants, Patents, and Conftitutions
' of the feveral Companies of Merchants and
* Handicrafts-Men, that, if any of them tend to
* the Hurt of the Public, they may be laid down.
11. ' To confider the great Trade of Fifliing,
* not only upon the Coafts <& England and Ireland^
* but likewife of Iceland^ Greenland, Newfound-
* land, and New-England^ or elfewhere ; and to
* encourage Fimermen, in order to the Increafe of
* Shipping and Manners.
12. To advife how the Englljh Plantations in
' y/^zm^, or elfewhere, may be beft managed; and
« how the Commodities thereof may be ib multi-
* plied that thofe Plantations alone may fupply the
' Commonwealth of England with whatsoever it
* neceflarily wants.'
Thefe Commiflioners were impowered not only
to receive Propofals from any Perfons of Experi-
ence and Ability in Matter of Trade, but had alfo
Authority to fend for the Officers of the Exche-
quer, Mint, Cuftoms, and Excife for their Afiift-
ance ; alfo to view all Books, Records, &c. for
their further Information ; and the Refult of their
Inquiries, with their Opinion thereupon, was re-
quited to be laid before the Parliament or Coun-
cil of State. A Salary of 200 /. per Annum was
appointed for their Secretary, and 300 /. per Annum
more for Clerks and other Officers, payable by the
Treafurer of the Navy ; but as the Commiffioners
themfelves had nothing more than their incident
Charges allowed them by this Adr., we may fuppofe
they were content with the Honour arifing from
the Service of their Country.
Aug.
Of ENGLAND. 317
Aug. 6. Sir Henry Vane^ jun. having reported, Inter-regnum.
from the Council of State, feveral Letters received
from the Army in Scotland^ they were read, and a ^f^^
Committee was ordered to examine which of them
were fit to be publifhed. Among thefe, one from
the Lord-General Cromwell h\mklft will be a fuf-
ficient Reprefentation of his Proceedings, hitherto,
in that Kingdom.
To the Right Honourable the LORD PRESIDENT
of the COUNCIL of STATE.
My Lord, Muffelburgh, July 30, 1650.
' "\T7"E marched from Berwick upon Monday, Gen. CnrnmlT*
' V V being the twenty-fecond Day of July, Account of the
« and lay at my Lord Mordington's Houfe on Man- Armfs ?roc,eed:
« day Night, Tuefday and Wednefday ; on Thurfday"& m
' we march'd to Copperfpeth j on Friday to Dun-
' bar, where we got fome fmall Pittance from our
' Ships, and from thence we march'd to Haddlng-
' ton. On the Lord's Day, hearing that the Scots
' Army meant to meet us at Gladfmoor, we labour-
< ed to poflefs the Moor before them, and beat our
' Drums very early in the Morning ; but when we
' came there no confiderable Body of the Army
4 appeared ; whereupon 1400 Horfe, under the
' Command of Major-General Lambert and Colo-
' nel Wballey, were fent as a Van-guard to Muf-
' felburgb, to fee likewife if they could find out
* and attempt arty Thing upon the Enemy, I
* marching in the Heel of them with the Relidue
' of the Army. Our Party encountered with fome
« of their Horfe, but they could not abide us. We
' lay at Muffelburgb encamp'd clofe that Night,
' the Enemy's Army lying between Edinburgh and
* Leith, about four Miles from us, intrench'd by
' a Line flanker'd from Edinburgh to Leith ; the
' Guns alfo from Leith fcouring moft Parts of the
* Line, fo that they lay very ftrong.
' Upon Monday the 2Qth Inft. we were refolved
' to draw up to them, to fee if they would fight
' with us ; and when we came upon the Place we
' refolved to get our Cannon as near them as we
* could
318 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Intcr-regnum. ' could, hoping thereby to annoy them : We like-
l65°- 4 wife perceiving they had fome Force upon a Hill
**~^f^~t ' tnat over-looks Edinburgh^ from whence we
* might be annoyed, did refolve to fend up a Party
' to pofiefs the faid Hill, which prevailed ; but
* upon the whole we did find that their Army were
' not ealily to be attempted ; whereupon we lay
' ftill all the faid Day, which proved to be fo fore
* a Day and Night of Rain, as I have feldom feen,
* and greatly to our Difadvantage, the Enemy ha-
' ving enough to cover them, and we' nothing at
6 all confiderable. Our Soldiers did abide this
' Difficulty with great Courage and Refolution,
' hoping they fliould fpeedily come to fight. In
* the Morning, the (jround being very wet, and our
' Provifions fcarce, we refolved to draw back to
' our Quarters at MuJJelburgh, there to refrefh and
c revictual. The Enemy, when we drew off, fell
* upon our Rear, and put them into fome little
' Diforder ; but our Bodies of Horfe being in fome
' Readinefs, came to grapple with them, where in-
* deed there was a gallant and hot Difpute; the
' Major- General and Col. Whalley being in the
' Rear, and the Enemy drawing out great Bodies
' to fecond their firft Effort, our Men charged
' them up to the very Trenches, and beat them in.
' The Major-General's Horfe was ftiot in the
' Neck and Head; himfelf being run thro' the Arm
' with a Lance, and into another Place of his
' Body, was taken Prifoner by theEnemy,butrefcu-
' ed immediately by Lieutenant Empfon of my Re-
c gimem. Col. ty'balley, who was then neareft to
'the Major General, did charge very refolutely,
' repulfed the Enemy, a'nd kill'd divers of them
' upon the Place, and took fome Prifoners without
' any confiderable Lofs; which indeed did fo amaze
' and quiet them, that we marched oft" to MuJJel-
c burgh, but they dar'd not fend out a Man to
' trouble us.
' We hear their young King looked on upon all
' this, but was very ill fatisfied to fee their Men
* do no better.
« We
Of ENGLAND. 319
« We came to Mu/elburgh that Night, fo tired Inter-regnum.
' and wearied for want of Sleep, and fo dirty by J
4 reafon of the Wetnefs of the Weather, that we
' expelled the Enemy would make an Infall upon
* us ; which accordingly they did, between Three
' and Four this Morning, with fifteen Companies of
* their moft felecl: Troops, under the Command of
6 Major-General Montgomery and Stracban, two
c Champions of the Church, upon which Bufinefs
* there was great Hope and Expectation laid. The
' Enemy came on with a great deal of Refolution, '
* beat in our Guards, and put a Regiment of Horfe
* in fome Diforder ; but our Men fpeedily taking
* the Alarm, charged the Enemy, routed them,
* took many Prifoners, killed a great many of them,
'did Execution within a Quarter of a Mile of Edin-
6 burgh ; and, as I am informed, Stracban was
* killed there, befides divers other Officers of Qua-
* lity. We took the Major of Stracban's Regi-
e ment, Major Hamilton^ a Lieutenant-Colonel,
' and divers other Officers and Perfons of Quality,
* whom yet we know not. Indeed this is a fweet
' Beginning of your Bufmefs, or rather the Lord's,
' an<T I believe is not very fatisfaclory to the Ene-
« my, efpecially to the Kirk-Party ; we did not
' lofe any in this Bufmefs, fo far as I hear, but a
« Cornet ; I do not hear of four Men more. The
* Major-General will, I believe, within a few Days,
4 be well enough to take the Field ; and I truft this
* Work, which is the Lord's, will profper in tfte
* Hands of his Servants.
' I did not think it advifeable to attemp't upon
' the Enemy, lying as he doth; but furely it would
' fufficiently provoke him to fight if he had a Mind
' to it. I do not think he is lefs than 6 or 7000
4 Horfe, and 14 or 15,000 Foot. The Reafon I
* hear that they give out to their People, why they
* do not fight us, is, becaufe they expect many
e Bodies of Men more out of the North of Scot-
' land, which when they come, they give out they
' will then engage ; but I believe they would ra-
' ther tempt us to attack them in their Faftnefles,
' within
320 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. * within which they are intrenched ; or elfe, ho-
* ping we fhall familh for v/ant of Provifions, which
' is very likely to be, if we be not timely and fully
4 fupplied. I remain,
My Lord,
Your mo/i bumble Servant,
' O. CROMWELL.
* I underftand, fince the writing of this Letter,
* that Major-General Montgomery is flain.'
After reading the foregoing Letter, it was re-
folved, That all private Buiinefs be forborn for
one Month ; and no other Matter taken into De-
bate but that of raifing Supplies, and other public
Affairs of the Commonwealth.
We have already given the Army's Declaration
upon their March into Scotland, published by Or-
der of Parliament. To this the General Aflembly
of the Kirk of Scotland having printed an Anfwer,
Cromwell wrote them a Letter upon that Occafion ;
which, though not Parliamentary itfelf, yet as it
proves the General to have been a Match for the
Aflembly themfelves, i-n the Manner of handling of
Scripture and applying it to his own Purpofes, a
Copy thereof will not be deem'd an improper Di-
greflion ; and the rather, as this Letter, tho' men-
tion'd by Mr. Wlrithcke, is not printed any where
that we know of. It runs thus h :
70 /^GENERAL ASSEMBLY of the KIRK c/Scor-
LAND ; or, in cafe of their not fitting, to the
COMMISSIONERS of the KIRK of SCOTLAND.
SIRS, Mufelburgh, Aug. 3, 1650.
His Letter to the' XTQUR Anfwer to the Declaration of the
' I Arm? we have feen c j fome s°dly .Mini-
' ' flers with us did, at Berwick, compofe this Re-
•ply
h From the original Edition, printed for H. Alien, in Pope 'i-
Eead-Mey.
c Printed at Edinburgh, July 22, 1650, by Evan Tyler, and
Jtyled A Short Reply to (be Arm^i Dedarativn) figned A, Ktrr»'
Of E N G L A N D. 321
* ply, which I thought fit to fend you d. That Inter-regnunu
* you or we, in thefe great Tranfaclions, anfwer
' the Will and Mind of God, it is only from his
' Grace and Mercy to us j and therefore, having
* faid, as in our Papers, we commit the Iflue there-
* of to him who difpofeth all Things ; afTuring you
* that we have Light and Comfort increafing upon
* us, Day by Day ; and are peri uaded that, before
' it be long, the Lord will manifeil his good Plea-
* fure, fo that all fhall fee him ; and his People
c fhall fay, This is the Lord's Work^ and it is mar-
6 velloits in our Eyes : This is the Day that the Lord
' hath made, we will be glad and rejoice therein.
' Only give me Leave to fay, in a Word, you
* take upon you to judge us in the Things of our
' God, though you know us not; though in the
' Things we have faid unto you, in that which is
4 intitled The Army's Declaration, we have fpoken
4 our Hearts as in the Sight of the Lord who hath
1 tried us : And by your hard and fubtle Words,
' you have begotten Prejudice in thofe who do too
« much (in Matters of Conference, wherein every
e Soul is to anfwer for itfelf ti God) depend upon
< you ; fo that fome have already followed you to
« the breathing-out of their Souls ; others continue
« ftill in the Way wherein they are led by you (we
« fear) to their own Ruin : And no marvel if you
« deal thus with us, when indeed you can find
< in your Hearts to conceal the Papers we have fent
t you from your own People, who might fee and
« underftand the Bo*wels of our Affections to them,
« efpecially fuch among them as fear the Lord.
<• Send as many of your Papers asyoupleafe amongft
< ours, they have a free PafTage ; I fear them not:
« What is of God in them, would it might be em-
« braced and received.
VOL. XIX. X « One
<l This Piece is intitled A Vindication of the Army of England's
March into Scotland, from the uncharitable Conjlrufiions, odious Im-
putations, and fcandslous Afferjlons of the General AJJ'cmbly of tht
Kirk of Scotland, in their Anf-wer. Publifhed by the fpecial Ap-
pointment of the Council of State, and printed by JibnFitld, Au*
1650.
322 The Parliamentary HISTORY
' One of them lately fent, directed To the Under ~
« Officers and Soldiers in the Englifh Army*, hath,
* begotten from them this inclofed Anfwer, which
' they defired me to fend you ; not a crafty politic
' one, but a plain, fimple, fpiritual one ; fuch as
* it is God knoweth, and God alfo will, in due
' Time, make manifeft : And do we multiply thefe
* Things as Men, or do we them for the Lord
« Chrift and his People's Sake ?
' Indeed we are not, through the Grace of God,
* afraid of your Numbers, nor confident in our-
4 felves. We could (I pray God you do not think
' we boaft) meet your Army, or what you have to
' bring againft us. We have given (humbly we
* fpeak it before our God, in whom all our Hope
* is) fomeProof that Thoughts of thatKind prevail
' not upon us. The Lord hath not hid his Face
* from us fince our Approach fo near unto you.
* Your own Guilt is too much for you to bear ;
' bring not therefore upon yourfelves the Blood of
* innocent Men, deceived with Pretences of King
* and Covenant, from whofe Eyes you hide a bet-
* ter Knowledge. I am perfuaded that divers of
* you who lead the People, have laboured to build
' yourfelves in thefe Things, wherein you have
* cenfured others, and eftabliftied yourfelves upon
( the Word of God. Is it therefore infallibly agree-
* able to the Word of God all that you fay ?
' I befeech you, in the Bowels of Chrift, think
* it poffible you may be miftaken. Precept may
* be upon Precept, Line may be upon Line, and
* yet the Word of the Lord maybe to fome a Word
' of Judgment, that they may fall backward and
* be broken, and be fnared and be taken. There
* may be a Spiritual Fulnefs which the World may
* call .Drunken nefs, as in the fecond Chapter of
' the Atts. There may be as well a carnal Con-
* fidence upon mifunderftood and mifapplied Pre-
' cepts, which may be called Spiritual Drunken-
« nefs.
« This Piece, with the Army's Anfwer annex'd, (dated from the
Leaguer at Mujj'ellurgb, Aug. i, 1650) was reprinted at Lokdsr.t
Aug, 12, by Hujbandi and Field, and licenfed by Mr. Rujbivortk.
Of E N G L A N D. 323
* nefs. There may be a Covenant made with Death inter-regnum,
c and Hell (I will not fay yours was fo f ) ; but judge 1650.
' if fuch Things have a politic Aim, to avoid the <— — v— -J
6 overflowing Scourge, or to accomplifh worldly Auguft,
c Interefts ; and if therein we have confederated
' with wicked and carnal Men, and have Rcfpecl:
' for them, or otherwife drawn them in to aflbciate
' with us, whether this be a Covenant of God, and
•* fpiritual, bethink yourfelves ; we hope we do.
* I pray you read the 28th of Ifaiab, from the
e 5th to the 1 5th ; and do not fcorn to know that
* it is the Spirit that quickens and giveth Life.
' The Lord give you and us Underftanding to do
' that which is well-pleafing in his Sight. Com-
* mitting you to the Grace of God, I reft
Your humble Servant,
O. CROMWELL.
To return to the Proceedings at Weftminjler.
Aug. 9. The Cuftom of vthe Houfe was fre-
quently, at this Time, to order the Door to be
Ihut, and no Member to be fuffered to go out,
without Leave, 'till Twelve o'Clock ; and this
Day, after fuch an Order, the Houfe went upon
a Bill which had been fome Time before them,
intitled, An Aft again/I feveral athetftical, blafphe-
mouS) and execrable Opinions^ derogatory to the Ho-
nour of God? and deftruffive to human Society 9 now
held and propagated in this.Nation. This Bill, be-
ing read a third Time, feveral Claufes were offered
to be added to it ; fome of which were taken, and
others rejected; and it was ordered that the Bill,
fo amended, fliould pafs. The Preamble to this
A£t, with an Abftraft of the moft material Claufes,
X 2 con-
f In Carringtons Life of Oliver Cromwell, (printed for Natb*
Brooke in Cornbill, 1659) he ftyles the Covenant, ' That burning
Torch which the Mother of Paris did fee in her Frenzies, that fatal
Fire which the Scots believe defcended from Heaven, and by which
they, at their Pleafure, kindled tbofe Wars wherewith they infefted
England*
'
324 7fo Parliamentary HISTORY
Jiter-regnum. containing the Religious Hiftory of thefe Times,
1650. may not be unacceptable to the Reader.
*— -v*— ' ' The Parliament holding it to be their Duty,
"^ * ' by all good Ways and Means, to propagate the
' Gofpel in this Commonwealth ; to advance Re-
^effirf1 a°he^" * ^g"lon m a^ Sincerity, Godlinefs, and Honefty,
cal and blafphe- ' have made feveral Ordinances and Laws for the
mous Opinions « Good and Furtherance of Reformation, in Doc-
in Religion. < tfjne an(j Manners . 3^ jn ort}er to the fuppref-
' ftngof Profanenefs, Wickednefs, profane Swear-
ing,Drunkennefs,Superftition, and Formality, that
God may be truly glorified, and'all might in\Vell-
' doing be encouraged : But, notwithftanding this
' their Care, finding, to their great Grief and Afto-
* nifhment, that there are divers Men and Women
* who have lately difcovered themfelves to be moft
' monftrous in their Opinions, and loofe in all wick-
' ed and abominable Practices hereafter mentioned,
* not only to the notorious Corrupting andDiforder-
' ing, but even to theDiflblution,of all human Soci-
' ety ; who rejecting theUfe of Gofpel Ordinances,
* do deny theNeceffity of civil and moral Righteouf-
' nefs among Men : The Parliament therefore, ac-
* cording to their Declaration publifti'd on the 28th
* of September , 1649, to be moll ready to tejlify their
' Difpleafure and Abhorrence of fuch Offenders^ by
* ajlrifl and effectual proceeding again/1 them^ who
' Jhould abufe and turn into Licentioufnefs the Li-
' berty given in Matters of Conference, do there-
' fore enact and ordain, That every Perfon (not
' diftemper'd with Sicknefs, or diftracted in Brain)
' who {hall prefume avowedly in Words to profefs,
' or fhall by Writing proceed to affirm and main-
' tain him or herfelf, or any other meer Creature,
* to be very God ; or to be infinite or almighty j
' or,. in Honour, Excellency, Majefty, and Power,
' to be equal, and the fame with the true God ; or
' that the true God, or the eternal Majefty, dwells
' in the Creature and no where elfe : Or whofoever
' fhall deny the Holinefs and Righteoufnefs of
' God ; or {hall prefume to profefs, that Unrigh-
' teoufnefs in Perlons, or the Acts of Uncleannefs,
4 and
Of E N G L A N D. 325
' and the like Fiithinefs and Brutifhnefs, arc not Inter-regnuir..
' unholy and forbidden in the Word of God ; or l65°-
' that thefe Adts in any Perfon, or the Perfons for Vfc — v~~-^
' committing them, are approved of by God j
' or that fuch A£ts, or fuch Perfons in ,thofe
' Things, are like unto God : Or ihall prefume
' to profefs, that thefe Acts of denying and blaf-
' pheming God, or the Holinefs or Righteoufnefs
' of God ; or the A6ts of curfmg God, or of
* fwearing profanely or falfly by the Name of God ;
* or the Acts of Lying, Stealing, Couzening, and
' defrauding others ; or the Acts of Murder, Adul-
' tery, Inceft, Fornication, Uncleannefs, Sodomy,
* Drunkennefs, filthy and lafcivious Speaking, are
' not Things in themfelves fhameful, wicked,
' iinful, impious, abominable, and deteftable in
' any Perfon, or to be practiced or done by any
« Perfon : Or fhall profefs, that the Acts of
* Adultery, Drunkennefs, Swearing, and the like
* open Wickednefs, are in their own Nature as
' holy and righteous as the Duties of Prayer,
' Preaching, or giving of Thanks to God : Or
' Ihall avowedly profefs, that whatfoever is acted
* by them, whether Whoredom, Adultery, Drun-
c kenncfs, or the like open Wickednefs, may be
* committed without Sin ; or that fuch Acts are
* acted by the true God, or by the Majefty of God,
' or the Eternity that is in them ; that Heaven
' and all Happinefs confifts in the acting of thofe
* Things which are Sin and Wickednefs j or that,
* fuch Men or Women are moft perfect, or like to
' God or Eternity, which do commit the greateft
* Sins with the leaft Remorfe or Senfe ; or that
* there is no fuch Thing really and truly as Un-
* righteoufnefs, Unholinefs, or Sin, but as a Man
* or Woman judgeth thereof; or that there is nei-
' ther Heaven nor Hell, neither Salvation nor
* Damnation, or that thefe are one and the fame
' Thing ; and that there is not any Diftin&ion or
' Difference truly between them :'
. By this A& it was ordain'd, That any Perfon
maintaining any of the Opinions above enumera-
X 3 ted,
326 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-regnum. ted, fhould, for the firft Offence, fuffer fix Months
1650. Imprifonment, without Bail, and find Sureties for
*~~Tf~^* their good Behaviour for one Year; for the fecond,
be banifhed ; and for returning without Licenfe,
fuffer Death. This Act was required to be read
and given in Charge at Affixes and Seffions, and to
be proclaim'd in every Market Town.
The Bill for the Aug. 14. All this Time the Bill, long fmce
betterReguhtion Bought in, for an equal Reprefentative, and regu-
rame tS lati"g E1^ ions for Members of Parliament, was
canvafled, in a Grand Committee of the whole
Houfe, every Wednefday\ but, as yet, nothing was
done in it. This Delay plainly (hews, that the
prefent Members had no Mind to part with their
Power or Places, and venture a Diflblution of the
Parliament. Nay, it feems about this Time, when
the Army was fo far diftant from them, they had a
Defign to drop the Bill ; for, at the End of the
Debate this Day, a Motion being made, That the
Houfe be refolved into a Grand Committee this
Day Se'nnight, upon the Heads of the faid Bill,dsV.
it paffed in the Negative, and this Day Fortnight
was agreed to inftead of it. — During all this De-
bate the Doors were ordered to be kept fhut, as
ufual; and we find that this Election-Bill, after be-
ing put off from Time to Time, was at laft laid
afide.
We hear no further, as yet, concerning the Trial
of the fix Gentlemen defign'd as Victims to be of-
fered to the Ghoft of Mr. Afcham, the Parliament's
Jate Agent in Spain. But this Day, Aug. 20, ano-
ther unhappy Gentleman, not in the above Lift,Col.
Eufebius Andrews, was reported, by the Attorney-
General, to be tried, convicted, and fentenced by
the High Court of Juftice to fuffer the Pains of
Death, as in cafe of Treafon. The Houfe thought
fit to alter this Sentence, on the humble Petition of
the Prifoner, from Hanging, Drawing, and Quar-
tering, into Beheading; and accordingly he was
beheaded on, TQWtr-Iiill two Days after,
Aug.
Of E N G L A N D. 327
Aug. 22. This Day the Parliament received, Inter-regnunj,
from the Lord-General Cromwell^ a Narrative of l6S°-
the farther Proceedings of the Englijb Army in **"•" "V— - '
Scotland, with feveral Papers inclofed, which were
ordered to be publifhed, as follows b :
From the Camp in Muflelburgh Fields , Augitft 16,
1650.
' /"*\N Tuefday^ Auguft 13, the Army advanced Gen. CromoelVt
' \J from Mujjel-burgb to the Weft Side of Edm- f"f hepr AcTnt
i 17 j c • p- i_ e i- /-«• r othisProceediaes
* burgh, and fo in Sight of the City for two or three in Scotland.
' Miles together ; but had not fo much as a Salute
' from the Caftle of Edinburgh^ or Dalkeith where
* the Enemy had a Garrifon, nor Oppofition from
* the Enemy, nor did any Party of them make any
' Attempt upon the Rear, or otherwife: The Ene-
* my alfo had another Garrifon at Red-Hall^ two
* Miles from Edinburgh^ which they kept, who fired
* at our Men ; yet, there not being above 20 Men
' there, it was not held confiderable enough to take.
* The great Bufinefs being to engage the Enemy
* in the Field, a convenient ahd advantageous Place
' was next to be confulted of; and the Army being
' drawn up upon Pentland Hills, it was held fit to
* encamp the Army there; which was accordingly
' done, and their Tents pitched, many of them in
6 View of Edinburgh City and Caftle, that Night*
' from whence we received no Alarm.
' This Day the Intelligence from Edinburgh was,
* That the Scots Army was now put to a greater
* Strait than ever, to fee us come behind them,
* which hindered their Supplies from Fife; fo that
e their Allowance is a Penny Loaf for two Men for
' twenty-four Hours, which was held fo little, and
' fo unlikely to hold out, that many of their Soldiers
* ran away from them : Yet many of the Horfe
' had new Lances made them, with two Iron Pegs
* on each Side, befides the Pike at the End, that,
' in cafe the one fhould break, they might do Ex-
* ecution with the other.
<The
* b Printed by Edward Hufiandi and Join Field) Printers to the
Parliament of England, dug, 23, 1650,
328 Ybe Parliamentary HISTORY
* The People on that Side Edinburgh were all fled
4 with their Beams, Goods and Geer; and being
4 perfuaded by their Grandees that the Array would
« deftroy all by Fire and Sword, they ran away as
' far as ££ttecn's-Ftrry. Two Troops of Horfe,
' and about 700 Highlanders, who were coming for
' their Relief, were fent to by a Poft to go back to
« Stirling. When our Men fired the Furze-Bufhes,
' they told the People they were firing of Houfes.
* Our Ships, all this March, attended the Army
* with Provifions ; but the PafTes were too danger-
' ous for the Army to march near the Sea.
* On Wednesday ^ Jug. 14, in the Morning be-
' times, there came a Trumpeter from Lieutenant -
' General David Le/Iey, with the Letter and De-
' claration inclofed from him, which was read
' to fo many of the Officers as could be got toge-
c ther, and in the Prefence of the Enemy's Trum-
* peter ; and, after fome Debate, the inclofed An-
* i'wer was return'd thereunto.
4 But that Things might appear to look more
c towards an Accommodation, a great Com-
* mander of the Enemy's, Colonel Gibby Carre,
' fent for the Captain of the Guard that com-
' manded the Party of Horfe that were neareft the
' City; and, upon Security of a free Return, a Lieu-
* tenant of Major-General Lambert'?, Regiment,
* who was then on the Guard, went to him, with
' whom he had much Difcourfe concerning the
* Grounds of the prefent Engagement againft them;
* by which he perceived that many of them were
* deluded by the Malignants fpecious Pretences,
' and that the more honeft and godly Party did be-
* gin to think of taking another Courfe : He de-
* clared, That they were not in a Capacity to
* fight us, but to keep in their Trenches, and truft
« to the Protection of the Almighty. This Way
* of Reconcilement being thought the beft IfTue of
« all the Hardfhips and Labours of this Army, to
* gain a Conqueft without Blood, or taking away
* the Lives of Men, fome more Freedom was
« taken
Of E N G L A N D. 329
' taken by the Officers to confer with thofe of the inter-regnum.
' Enemy whom they found to be ingenuous and re- l65°-
' ligious; by which they perceived, that their King tta— "V—- •*
< having refufed to fign a Declaration of his re- Aueuft-
' nouncing and declaring againft the Mifcarriage of
' his Father, and his Repentance of all the Blood
' that was fhed in his Father's Time, by his Fa-
' ther's or his own Means, and to refolve to ad-
' here to the Caufe of God, the Kirk, and Cove-
' nant, they had Thoughts of relinquishing him,
* and to a£t upon another Account. It is remark-
* able that, upon the Day when our Army drew
' off from Edinburgh, at their firft coming before
* it, when their King would Have come forth to
' have charg'd in Perfon, the Lord-General Leven
' told him, That if he did it he would lay down
' his Commifiion.
« Tkurfday, AuguJI 15. This Day, by reafon
' of the Want of Provifions, our Army went back
' to Mujjelburgb, where the Ships were ready with
* Provifions of Bread and Cheefe, which were ta-
' ken in. The laft Night the Enemy made no
' Sally at all, nor in all this Day's March, nor
c made any other Attempt; only at the paffing of
' fome of our Men by Dalkeith they difcharg'd two
£ Drakes. At our marching, back by Edinburgh
' the Enemy received a great Alarm, and remov'd
' their Guns from the further Side of Leith to this
' Side ; Lieutenant-General Lejley alfo fent a Party,
' with two great Guns, to fecure aPafs towards the
' Queen's -Ferry. This Day (being the firft Day of
* the Parliament's Sitting) the Prince fhould have
' been crowned ; but, in regard of his refufmg to
' fign the Declaration before-mentioned, it was
' fufpended.
« On Friday , Augiift 16, the 45,000 /. being
« come for the Pay of the Army, both Horfe and
' Foot mufter'd that Day; Provifions were then de-
« liver'd out for fix or ifeven Days, in order to a
* further March."
The
«TAi
« X of
' fioner
330 *The Parliamentary HISTORY
The Letter from Lieutenant-Genera] Le/Jey, re-
ferrecl to in the foregoing.
Auguft. por fris Excellency the Lord-General CROMWELL.
My Lord, Bruchton, Aug. 13, 1650.
Am commanded by the Committee of Eftates
)f this Kingdom, and defired by the Commif-
fioners of the General AfTembly, to fend unto
' your Excellency this inclofed Declaration, as that
* which containeth the State of the Quarrel i where-
* in we are re/olved, by the Lord's Affiftance, to
' fight your Army, when the Lord fhall be pleafed
* to call us thereunto. And as you have profefled
< you will not conceal any of our Papers, I do de-
* fire that this Declaration may be made known to
< all the Officers of your Army ; and fo I reft
Your Excellency's mojl bumble Servant ,
DAVID LESLEY.
A DECLARATION from /^COMMISSIONERS of
the GENERAL ASSEMBLY of the Kirk of Scot-
land, anent the ft at ing of the Quarrel ^ubereon
the Army is to fight.
Weft-Kirk^ Aug. 13, 1650.
THE Commiflioners of the General Aflembly
confidering that there may be juft Ground
of Humbling, from the King's Majefty's refufing
to fubfcribe and emit the Declaration offer'd unto
him by the Committee of Eftates, and Commif-
fioners of the General Afiembly, concerning his
former Carriage, and Refolutions for the future,
in reference to the Caufe of God, and the Ene-
mies and Friends thereof, doth therefore declare,
That this Kirk and Kingdom do not own nor
efpoufe any malignant Party, or Quarrel or In-
tereft, but that they fight meerly upon their for-
mer Grounds and Principles, and in Defence of
the Caufe of God and of the Kingdom, as they
have done thefe twelve Years paft : And there -
« fore
Of E N G L AN D. 331
« fore, as they do difclaim all the Sin and Guilt of Interregnum.
* the King and of his Houfe, fo they will not own ^ ^
' him, nor his Intereft, otherwife than with a Sub- Au&uft.
* ordination to God ; and fo far as he owns and
* profecutes the Caufe of God, and difclaims his
* and his Father's Oppofition to the Work of God,
6 and to the Covenant, and like wife all the Enemies
* thereof: And that they will,withconvenientSpeed,
* take into Confideration the Papers lately fent un-
' to them from Oliver Cromwell, and vindicate
' themfelves from all the Falfhoods contain'd there-
* in, efpecially in thofe Things wherein the Quar-
' rel betwixt us and that Party is mif-ftated, as if
' we owned the late King's Proceedings, and were
' refolved to profecute and maintain his prefent
4 Majefty's Intereft before, and without, Acknow-
' ledgment of the Sins of his Houfe and former
' Ways, and Satisfaction to God's People in both
4 Kingdoms.
A. KER.
Auguft 13, 1650.
« f"|1 H E Committee of Eftates having feen and
4 _§_ confidered A Declaration from the Com-
4 mijjioners of the General AJ/embly, anent the Jl at ing
c of the Quarrel^ "whereon the Army is to fight , do ap-
' prove the fame, and heartily concur therein.
THO. HENDERSON;
The Lord-General CROMWELL'J ANSWER to the
foregoing LETTER and DECLARATION.
For the Right Hon. DAVID LESLEY, Lieutenant-
General of the Scots Army.
From the Camp at Pentland-Hills, Aug. 14, 1650.
SIR,
< T Received yours of the I3th Inftant, with the
' J[ Paper you mentioned therein inclofed, which
* I caufed to be read in the Prefence of fo many Of-
4 ficers as could well be gotten together, to which
* your
332 *Ihe Parliamentary HISTORY
er- regnum. ' your Trumpet can witnefs. We return you this
1650. < Anfwer, by which I hope, in the Lord, it will
~v— — ' ' appear that we continue the fame we have pro-
Auguft. t feffcj ourfejves to the noneft People in Scotland,
* wifliing to them as to our own Souls ; it being no
' Part of" our Buiinefs to hinder any of them from
* worshipping God in that Way they are fatisfied
' in their Conferences by the Word of God they
' ought, though uifrerent irom us, but {hail there -
' in be ready to perform what Obligation lies upon
* us by the Covenant ; but that under the Pretence
' of the Covenant mifbken, and wrefted from the
« molt native Intent and Equity thereof, a King
' fhould be taken in by you, to be impofed upon
* us, and this called the Caule of God and the
' Kingdom; and this done upon the Satisfaction of
* God's People in both Nations, as is alledged, to-
4 gether with a Difowning of Malignants ; altho'
' he who is the Head of them, in whom all their
* Hope and Comfort lies, be received ; who at this
< very Inftant hath a Popifh Party fighting for, and
* under, him in Ireland; hath Prince Rupert (a
< Man who hath had his Hand deep in the Blood of
' many innocent Men of England) now in the Head
' of our Ships ftolen from us upon a malignant
* Account ; hath the French and Irifb Ships daily
' making Depredations on our Coafts ; and ftrong
* Combinations by the Malignants in England, to
' raife Armies in our Bowels, by virtue of his Com-
'• millions, who hath of late iflued out very many to
* that Purpofe : How the Intereft you pretend you
* have received him upon, and the Malignant Inte-
* reft in the Ends and Confequences centring in this
c Man, can be fecured, we cannot difcern ; and how
' we fhould believe that whilft known and notorious
' Malignants are fighting and plotting againft us on
* the one Hand, and you declaring for him on the
4 * other, it fhould not be an efpoufing of a Malignant
* Party-Quarrel or Intereft; but be a meer fighting
' upon former Grounds and Principles, and in the
* Defence of the Caufe of God and of the King-
c domsj as hath been thefe twelve Years laft pa(t,
'as
Of ENGLAND. 333
« as you fay, for the Security and Satisfa&ion of Inter-regmim.
« God's People in both Nations; or the Oppofing of l65°-
e which fhould render us Enemies to the Godly with *•* ^"-
* you, we cannot well underftand, efpecially confi-
« dering that all thefe Malignants take their Confi-
' dence and Encouragement from the late Tranfac-
' tions of your Kirk and State with your King; for
< as we have already faid, fo we tell you again, it is
* but fatisfying Security to thofe that employ us,
* and are concerned in that we feek, which we
4 conceive will not be by a few formal and feigned
* Submiflions from a Perfon who could not tell
4 otherwife how to accomplifh his malignant Ends;
4 and therefore counfelled to this Compliance by
4 them who afftfted hisFather,and have hitherto ac-
* tuated him in his moft evil and defperate Defigns,
4 and are now again by them fet on foot ; againft
4 which how you will be able, in the Way you are
4 in, to fecure us or yourfelves, is (forafmuch as
* concerns ourfelves) our Duty to look after.
4 If the State of your Quarrel be thus, upon
4 which, as you fay, you refolve to fight our Ar-
* my, you will have Opportunity to do that ; elfe
« what means our Abode here ? And if our Hope
* be not in the Lord, it will be ill with us. We
4 commit both you and ourfelves to him who knows
4 the Heart and tries the Reins.; with whom are all
6 our Ways who is able to do for us and you
4 above what we know ; which we defire may be
4 in much Mercy to his poor People, and to the
* Glory of his own great Name : And having per-
4 form'd your Defire in making your Papers fo pub-
' lie, as is before exprelTed, I defire you to do the
* like, by letting the State, Kirk, and Army have
« the Knowledge hereof. To which End I have
4 fent you inclofed two Copies, and reft
Tour bumble Servant,
O. CROMWELL.
Aug. 27. Another Letter from Ireland was re-
ceived, dated from the Camp at Waterford, Au-
gujt
334 ffl*e Parliamentary HISTORY
Intcr-regnum. guft 12, 1650; after the Reading of which, public
1650. Thanks were ordered to be given to God, the
v— ~v^— •* next Loid's Day, for thefe further Succefles gain'd
in that Kingdom ; the Particulars whereof will
fully appear by the following Declaration, which
was ordered to be drawn up and publifhed on that
Occafion ; and likewife to be read in all Congre-
gations throughout the Nation, immediately after
the Pfalm before Sermon, for the better ftirring up
the Hearts of the People to praife God for this
Victory.
A Narrative of c TT^ VE R fmce that wonderful and unexpected.
the taking of « Pv Victory which the Lord was pleafed, the laft
Sr*r tffb ' Summer> to give unto a fmall Party of the Parlia-
Gen./rrfcTf/be-' ment's Forces then in Dublin^ againft that nu-
puty-Lieutenant « merous and potent Army under Ormcnd\ which
of Ireland. ( was a f)oor of pjope to the Parliament and their
c Army, then on their Way for Ireland, that the
' Lord, who had made fo open a Way for them,
' would vouchfafe his Prefence with them, to carry
' on and perfect that W^ork which himfelf had fo
' eminently begun in that admirable Providence,
' wherein he had, as it were, by a Worm, threfh'd
* the Mountains : The fame gracious Hand hath
' gone along, from Time to Time, with his Ser-
' vants there, vouchsafing them many Victories,
' giving many ftrong Cities, Towns, Caftles, and
* Garrifons into their Hands, raifmg up their Spi-
' rits, overcoming great Difficulties, furnifhing
' feafonable Supplies, and difmaying the Hearts of
* the Enemies ; and that in fuch a Series of conti-
' nued Succefles, as is juft Matter of high Admira-
' tion, and perpetual Thankfulnefs in all that truly
' fear the Lord, and love his Caufe and People.
* And feeing every Addition of Mercy is a further
* Obligation to Thankfulnefs and Duty ; and that
c the Lord hath been pleafed, as a further Mani-
* feftation of his Goodnefs, to give up into the
4 Hands of the Parliament's Forces there, Cather-
6 lagk, a Garrifon of much Strength and Importance ;
a great and populous Town, and the
«moft
Of ENGLAND. 335
« moft confiderable Harbour in all Ireland., upon Inter-regnum.
4 Saturday the lOth of Auguft Inft. together with l650-
4 the ftrong Caftle of Duncannon^ fmce likewife *— "~ v—— *
4 furrendered upon Articles : The Parliament of Aus"ft*
4 England have thought fit not to let fuch great
4 Mercies pafs, without an efpecial Return of
4 Thankfulnefs j but to publifh the Narrative there -
4 of, as it comes to us in a Letter from the De-
4 puty-Generalof/r^«^b; the Effect whereof is as
' followeth, viz. The Deputy having received, at
4 the late Leaguer before Catherlagh, f everal Alarms
4 of great Forces of the Enemy riling and appear-
4 ing within the Counties of Cork , Kerry , Limerick,
4 and Tipper ary, to the diftreffing and endangerino-of
< our Parties and Garrifons in thofe Parts ; wriere
* the Enemy threatened to deftroy our Quarters,
4 and probably defigned a Conjunction of their moft
4 confiderable Forces, in order to the Relief of
« Water ford) and an Attempt upon the fmall Party
< left to block it up; after he had difpofed divers
' of his Forces to iecure Carrick, to repel and op-
« pofe the Enemy in Carbery, and the Wefrerrt
< Parts, and to march to the Relief of our Forces
< in Kerry and Limerick, leaving Sir Hardrefs
' fPaller with the Body of the Army, to carry on
4 theBufmefs about Catherlagh^ he did himfelf draw
« down with a fmall Party of Foot towards Water-
« ford, to beleaguer it more ftraitly. Coming be-
« fore Water ford with thofe Foot, and fome fmall
4 Parties left there before, to block it up at a Dif- '
* tance, he applied himfelf to a clofer Siege of it;
4 making two Quarters within fhot of their Walls'
4 which, with our Foot at the Abbey on the other
« Side of the Water, kept them clofe within the
4 Town on every Side ; and then trying them with
4 a Summons, the Enemy within fo defpifed our
4 fmall Numbers, as that they made an Offer as if
4 they durft fet open one of their Gates, and let in
'all
b Commiffary-Gcneral Ireton, "to whom Cromwel! Jeft the Com-
mand dining his Abfence, which Appointment was afterwards co»>
arm a by the Parliament.
33 6 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. * all our Foot to make the beft of it : And to that
• * being anfwered it was but a vain Brag, and they
*~^^h ' durft not make it good, they in Reply, for their
' Honour's Sake, feemed to adhere to their former
* Vanity, but with fuch Conditions and Cautions
' as they might be fure would not be accepted :
' But that the Power of God might appear in our
* defpifed Weaknefs againft this Pride of Man,thefe
* Sons of Honour, as they would be thought, did,
4 even in both the fame Letters, unequally fubjoin
' to thefe high Vapours an Offer of Treaty for
' Surrender: During which Time News came from
* Catherlagh) that it had pleafed God, beyond, or
' much before, Expectation, upon our Men's bat-
' tering, and then taking by Storm (without Lofs
' on our Part) a fmall Tower on their Bridge over
6 the Barrow^ to bring down the Enemy's Hearts
* to a Treaty, for a Surrender of that ftrong and
' important Place. Hereupon the Deputy concei-
' ving Water ford to be attemptible by Force in one
' or two Places, though otherwife exceedingly for-
* tified ; while Preparations were made for that At-
' tempt, the Lord wrought upon the Hearts of the
*• Enemy to defire a Treaty, without thofe Terms
* of Honour, which formerly they infifted on ; by
' which, after high Demands, rejected on our Part
1 with Indignation, they were, on Tuefday the 6th
e of this Inftant Augujl^ brought to furrender upon
' Articles, which was perform'd on Saturday fol-
* lowing ; at which Time there marched out about
* 700 Men, well arm'd, the Townfmen more nu-
' merous than before was believed, and the Town
' better fortified in all Parts, and more difficult to
4 be attempted than our Forces conceived, there
* being many private Stores fufficient to have main-
* tained them a long Time ; whereby \ve may fee
* the Hand of God in overpowering the Hearts of
' the Enemy, which was the only Caufe of their
* prefent Surrender. By this okWaterford and Ca-
* th&lagh) God was pleafed to extend his Hand to-
' wards Duncannon ; the Enemy there (though a
* Prieft was Governor) having on the fame Satur-
Of ENGLAND. 337
* day, with Col. Cook's Leave, fent one to Water- Inter-regnart.
'ford, to fee whether it were furrendered, did on J
e the nth of this Month defire a Treaty, which **~~A^'^*J '
*• produced, through the fame Divine Mercy, a
* Surrender of the fame Caftle of Duncannon^ upon
' Articles, on Saturday the lyth of this Month;
' fince which Time the ftrong Garrifon and Caftle
' of Charlemount is likewife furrendered, whereby
' the whole Province ofUlfter is now intirely in the
' Power of the Parliament.
4 For all which great Mercies the Parliament
' doth order, &c.
Aug. 28. It is obfervable that in Cromwelfs
Narrative of the Proceedings of the Army in Scot-
land, laft mentioned, he inform'd the Houfe that
the Prince (meaning King Charles II.) was to have
been crown'd in that Kingdom on the i5th of this
Month ; but that the Ceremony was fufpended oh,
account of his refufing to fign a Declaration which,
the Scots Parliament required of him, whereby he
was to profefs his Repentance for all the Blood
{bed in his Father's Time and fince by his own
Means ; and to refolve to adhere, for the future,
to the Caufe of God, the Kirk, and the Covenant :
However, the King was prevail'd upon to fign it on
the 1 6th of this Month ; and a Copy thereof being King Charles II.
lent up to the Parliament, it was read in the Houfe hav«ng pubhfted
this Day ; a Committee was alfo appointed to with- ^cotlanjl ""
draw and confider of a Declaration to be printed and
publifhed thereupon. This was prefently brought
in and pafs'd, as preparatory to an Anfwer at large,
•which was ordered to be drawn up by the Council
of State, and will fhortly follow in its due Order of
Time. The previous Declaration runs thus :
' the Kingdoms of Scotland, England, and Ireland, High
' printed at Edinburgh, 1650, do find therein a
* Defign of Charles Stuart, the declared King of
VOL. XIX Y ' Seat-'
338 The Parliamentary HISTORY
* Scotland, by the Inftigation of the State and
' Kirk of that Kingdom, under a Pretence of Hu-
* miliation for his own and his Father's Oppofition
< to the Work Qf Rcformation and Solemn League
* and Covenant, to feduce the People of this Na-
* tion from their due Obedience to this prefent Go-
* vernment ; and to invite them, by promoting his
* pretended Intereft here, not only to embroil this
' Nation in new Troubles, by a bloody and inte-
* ftine War, (thereby, as much as in them lies,
' taking away all Hopes of a fettled Peace in this
'Commonwealth) but alfoto make themfelves in-
* ftrumental to inthral themfelves again in Tyranny
4 and Slavery, from which they have been, thro'
' the Bleffing and glorious Appearances of God,
4 fo happily redeem'd. And, however, the Parlia-
* ment have Reafon to believe, that no pious or ju-
' dicious Perfon can poflibly be deluded under fuch
* grofs Deceits, to contribute fuch an Affiftance as
* in that Declaration is call'd for, and which would
* moft undoubtedly end, if the Lord prevent it not,
* in the Deftrudion of the truly Godly in both Na-
* tions, and the betraying of that Caufe that hath
* been engaged in by them ; neverthelefs,they have
* refolved, for the better Information and Saiisfac-
* tion of the People of this Land, more largely and
* particularly to unmafk and difcover the Hypocri-
e fy and wicked Defign lodged under the fpecious
( Pretences in that Declaration ; and, in the mean
* Time, do enact and declare, That all Perfons
' whatfoever, who (hall abet or countenance the
' faid Declaration, by printing or publifliing the
* fame, or by promoting or profecuting the Defign
' or Ends therein contained, are hereby adjudged
* to be guilty of High Treafon, and {hall be pro-
6 ceeded againft as Traitors.'
September. Nothing material occurs this Month,
till the 6th, when the following Letter from the
Lord- General to a Member of the Council of
State, was read in the Houfe a. P T D
o / A,
a From the original Edition, printed for Robert Jl-bctfcn, i»
Smitbfeld, near Hofier-Iane, and licenfed by Henry Scobcll.
Of ENGLAND. 339
SIR, Muffelburgh, Aug. 31, 1650. Inter-regnwm*
INCE my laft, we feeing the Enemy not
v _
willing to engage, and yet very apt to take September,
xceptions againft Speeches of that Kind, fpo-A Lctter fro
* ken in our Army, which occafioned fome ofcen.Cronnvel/
* them to come to parley with our Officers, to ]etconcerning the
< them know that they would fight us,' they fying^^^j
* ftill in or near their Faftnefles, on the Weft Sidecomlnaad.
' of Edinburgh ; we refolved, the Lord affifting, to
* draw near to them once more, to try if we could
* fight them ; and, indeed, one Hour's Advantage
' gain'd might probably, we think, have given us
* an Opportunity ; to which Purpofe, upon Tuef-
f day the 2yth Inftant, we march'd Weftward of
' Edinburgh towards Stirling ; which the Enemy
' perceiving, march'd with as great Expedition as
' was poffible to prevent us, and the Vanguards of
* both the Armies came to fkirmifli upon a Place
' where Bogs and Paries made the Accefs of each
' Army to the other difficult : We, being ignorant
' of the Place, drew up, hoping to have engaged,
4 but found no way feazable, by reafon of the Bogs
' and other Difficulties.
* We drew up our Cannon, and did that Day
* difcharge 2 or 300 great Shot upon them ; a con-
* fiderable Number they likewife return'd to us,
c and this was all that pafied from each to other,
' wherein we had near 20 kill'd and wounded, but
' not one Commiffion-Officer. The Enemy, as
' we are informed, had about 80 kill'd, and fome
' confiderable Officers. Seeing they would keep
' their Ground, from which we could not remove
' them, and our Bread being fpent, we were ne-
* ceffitated to go for a new Supply, and fo march'd
' off about Ten or Eleven o'Clock on Wednesday
' Morning : The Enemy .perceiving it, and, as we
' conceive, fearing we might interpofe between
* them and Edinburgh, though it was not our In-
' tention, albeit it feemed fo by our March, retreat-
' ed back again with all Hafte, having a Bog and
' Paffes between them and us j there being no con-
Y 2 * fiderable
later-re^num.
1650.
September.
340 The Parliamentary HISTORY
fiderable AdUon, faving the fkirmifhing of the
Van of our Horfe with theirs, near to Edinburgh^
without any confiderable Lofs to either Part, la-
ving that we got two or three of their Horfes.
* That Night we quartered within a Mile of
Edinburgh^ and of the Enemy ; it was a moil
tempeftuous Night and wet Morning. The Ene-
my marched in the Night between Leith and
Edinburgh^ to interpofe between us and our Vic-
tual, they knowing that it was fpent, but the
Lord in Mercy prevented it ; which we percei-
ving in the Morning, got Time enough, through
the Goodnefs of the Lord, to the Sea Side to re-
viclual j the Enemy being drawn up upon the
Hill near Arthur's Seat, looking upon us, but
not attempting any Thing : And thus you have
an Account of the prefent Occurrences.
Tour moft humble Servant,
O. CROMWELL.
Tho' the foregoing Letter left the two Armies
looking, as it were, upon one another; yet they did
not long remain in that una&ive Situation : For,
On ^Saturday the jth of this Month, Advice
came of a great Victory gain'd by the EngliJbArmy
near Dunbar on the 3d, in which the Scots were en-
tirely routed. When this important News arriv'd,
theHoufewas adjourn'd, according to their late
ufual Cuftom, from Friday to Tuefday : Hereupon
the Council of State ordered a brief Narrative of
this AcYion to be immediately printed, and read
the next Sunday in all the Churches in and about
London, that the People might return Thanks to
God for his fignal Mercy to the Commonwealth.
On the Qth a further Relation of this Affair was
publifhed : But both thefe we purpofely omit, to
make Way for a more full and ample Detail there-
of, communicated to the Parliament on the 10th, in
the following Letters : And firft that from Mr.
Secretary to the Army.
Of E N G L A N D, 341
For the Hon. WILLIAM LENTHALL, Efq\ Speaker inter-regnum,
of the Parliament of England. l65°-
SIR, Dunbar, Sep. 3, 1650. September.
c T Intimated unto you before, that our drawing
* 1 off from Mufetourgb might tempt the Eqc-JSvJjl^
e my to draw out, which accordingly they did ; tained by him
c and the rather, for that they were informed, as ncar £«»&«••
' fome of their Prifoners confefs, we had fhipped
' our Train of Artillery, which was a Miftake of
' them, for it was the 600 ficli Soldiers of the
c Flux that I had fliipp'd that Morning : So they
' march'd after us, with Horfe, Foot, and Train,
' within a Mile of Dunbar, where both Armies
c ftood in Battalia all Night ; only in the Morn-
' ing, about Two o'Clock, we gave them a hot
4 Alarm, and fo got the Wind of them ; and this
' Morning about Twilight the General advanced
4 with the Army, and charged them both in the
' Valley and on the Hill. The Battle was very
* fierce for the Time, one Part of their Battalia
* ftood very ftifly to it, but the reft was prefently
' routed.
* I never beheld a more terrible Charge of Foot
' than was given by our Army, our Foot alone •
' making the Scots Foot give Ground for three
* Quarters of a Mile together. We have all their
' Guns, Train, Bag, and Basjsjage, and beaten
f them clear out of the Field, Hills, and Valleys ;
' and our Army is now aj: the leaft eight Miles in
* Purfuit of their Horfe, their Foot being taken
' wholly. It was a happy and feafonable Victory,
* and God appeared in Man's greateft Weaknefs,
' they came with Confidence that all was their own.
* They had pofleft the Pafs at Copper/path to hin-
' der our March to Berwick^ thinking we would.
* have run away.
' I mall not defcend to Particulars, till we have
£ a particular Account of the Prifoners and Slain.
* Indeed, when our Hearts began to fail, then did
* the Lord begin to appear. Fourteen hundred
Y 3 « fick
342 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Jnter-regnum. l fick Men have I in all fent to Berwick and New*
l65°-~ * cajlle^ and many Hundreds are wonderful fick
^""^^ ' in the Army. Confidering thofe who have died
' and otherwife left the Army, and the Scots dou-
' bling the Number, the more the Lord was feen
' in the Victory. They came full of Revenge in
' their Hearts to cut us off without Mercy ; they
' having in the Evening before taken 40 of Colo-
' ncl Pride's Men, thac wenfrto poflefs a Houfe,
' they cut them and mangled them in a moft bar-
* barous Manner after they had given them Quar-
' ter. You fhall hear fuddenly further from
Tour moft humble Servant^
JO. RUSHWORTH.
Next, aLetter from the Lord-General, with a Lift
of the Names of the Scots Officers taken Prifoners.
For the Hon. WILLIAM LENTHALL, Efq;Speaker
of the Parliament of England.
SIR, Dunbar, Sep. 4, 1650.
' T Hope it is not ill taken that I make no more
' JL frequent Addrefles to the Parliament: Things
* that are of Trouble in point of Provifion for your
' Army, and of ordinary Direction, I have, as
* I could, often prefented to the Council of
' State, together with fuch Occurrences as have
' happened ; who, I am fure, as they have not been
' wanting in their extraordinary Care and Piovi-
' fion for us, fo neither in what they judg'd tit and
* neceflary to reprefent the fame to you : And this
* I thought to be a fufficient Difcharge of my Du-
* ty on that Behalf.
4 It hath now pleafed God to beftow a Mercy
* upon you worthy your Knowledge, and of the
* utmoft Praife and Thanks of all that fear and
* love his Name ; yea, the Mercy is far above all
* Praife; which, that you may the better perceive,
' I (hall take the Boldnefs to tender unto you fome
' Circumftances accompanying this great Bufinefs,
« which will manifeft the Greatnefs and Seafon-
4 ablenefs of this Mercy.
«We
Of E N G L A N D. 343
' We having tried what we could to engage the inter-regnum.
* Enemy three or four Miles Weft of Edinburgh^ 1650.
* that proving ineffectual, and our Visual failing, v— — v— — -*
' we marched towards our Ships for a Recruit of SePtember«
' our Want. The Enemy did not at all trouble us
' in our Rear, but marched the direct Way to-
' wards Edinburgh ; and, partly in the Night and
* Morning, flips thro' his whole Army, and quar-
' ters himfelf in a Pofture eafy to interpofe be-
* tween us and our Victual ; but the Lord made
* them to lofe the Opportunity, and, the Morning
' proving exceeding wet and dark, we recovered,
* by that Time it was light, into a Ground where
c they could not hinder us from our Victual; which
' was an high Act of the Lord's Providence to us.
' We being come into the faid Ground, the Enemy
* marched into the Ground we were laft upon, ha-
' ving no Mind either to ftrive to interpofe between
* us and our Victual, or to fight, being indeed
* upon this Lock, hoping that the Sicknefs of your
* Army would render their Work more eafy by the
* gaining of Time : Whereupon we march'd to
' JMLuJJelburgh to victual and fhip away our ficlc
' Men, where we fent aboard near* 500 fick and
' wounded Soldiers : And, upon ferious Confide-
* ration, finding our Weaknefs to increafe, and
* the Enemy lying upon his Advantages, at a Ge-
' neral Council, it was thought fit to march to
' Dunbar, and there to fortify the Town, which
' we thought, if any Thing, would provoke them
' to engage ; as alfo that the having of a Garri-
' fon there, would furnifh us with Accommoda-
* tion for our fick Men ; would be a good Maga-
' zine, which we exceedingly wanted, being put
' to depend upon the Uncertainty of Weather for
' landing Provifions ; which many Times cannot
* be done, though the Being of the whole Army
' lay upon it, all the Coaft from Berwick to Leith
' not having one good Harbour ; as alfo to lie
* more conveniently to receive our Recruits of
' Horfe and Foot from Berwick.
* Having
344 3e Parliamentary HISTORY
Jhter-regnum. * Having thefe Confederations, upon Saturday the
1650. * 3oth of Augujl we marched from MuJJelburgb to
V — v J < Haddington ; where, by that Time we had got
September. < the Van Brigade of our Horfe, and our Foot and
< Train into their Quarters, the Enemy was march -
' ed with that exceeding Expedition, that they fell
* upon the Rear Forlorn of our Horfe, and put it
' in feme Diforder; and, indeed, had like to have
' engaged our Rear Brigade of Horfe with their
' whole Army, had not the Lord, by his Provi-
* dence, put a Cloud over the Moon, thereby gi-
' ving us Opportunity to draw off thofe Horfe to
* the reft of the Army j which accordingly was
* done without any Lofs, fave three or four of our
' aforementioned Forelorn, wherein the Enemy, as
' we believe, received more Lofs.
* The Army being put into a reafonable fecure
' Pofture, towards Midnight the Enemy atttempted
' our Quarters on the Weft End of Haddington ;
' but,thro'theGoodnefsof God,werepulfed them.
* The next Morning we drew into an open
* Field on the South Side of Haddington^ we not
* judging it fafe to draw to the Enemy upon his
* own Ground, he being prepofiefied thereof; but
' rather drew back to give him Way to come to
* us, if he had fo thought fit : And having waited
e about the Space of four or five Hours, to fee if
* he would come to us ; and not finding any Incli-
* nation in the Enemy fo to do, we refolved to go,
* according to our firlr. Intendment, to Dunbar.
' By that Time we had marched three or four
* Miles, we faw fome Bodies of the Enemy's Horfe
' draw out of their Quarters ; and by that Time our
* Carriages were gotten near Dunbar, their whole
* Army was upon their March after us : And in-
* deed our drawing back in this Manner, with the
* Addition of three new Regiments added to them,
< did much heighten their Confidence, if not Pre-
* fumption and Arrogancy.
' The Enemy that Night we perceived gathered
* towards the Hills, labouring to make a perfect
« Interpofition between us and Berwick ; and ha-
* ving
Of E N G L A N D. 345
( ving in this Pofture a great Advantage, through Inter-regnum
e his better Knowledge of the Country, which l65°-
-* he effected by fending a confiderable Party to the *T "/~T^
r n • r> r s-i i L -\ n \ September.
' ftrait Pafs at Copperjpatk^ where ten Men to hin-
' der are better than forty to make their Way.
' And truly this was an Exigent to us, where-
* by the Enemy reproached us with that Con-
' dition the Parliament's Army was in when it
* made its hard Conditions with the King in Corn-
* wall. By fome Reports that have come to us,
* they had difpofed of us and of their Bufinefs,
* in fufficient Revenge and Wrath towards our Per-
* fons, and had fwallowed up the poor Intereft of
' England, believing that their Army and their
' King would have marched to London without
' any Interruption ; it being told us, we know not
' how truly, by a Prifoner we took the Night be-
' fore the Fight, that their King was very fudden-
' ly to come amongft them, with thofe Engli{h they
' allowed to be about him ; but in what they were
4 thus lifted up the Lord was above them.
' The Enemy lying in the Pofture before-men-
* tioned, having thofe Advantages, we lay very near
' him, being fenfible of our Difadvantages, having
* fome Weaknefs of Flefh, but yet Confolation
* and Support from the Lord himfelf, to our poor
* weak Faith, wherein I believe not a few amongft
' us fhar'd, that becaufe of their Numbers, becaufe
* of their Advantages, becaufe of their Confidence,
' becaufe of our Weaknefs, becaufe of our Strait,
' we were in the Mount, and in the Mount the
* Lord would be feen, and that he would find out
« a Way of Deliverance and Salvation for us ; and
' indeed we had our Confolations and our Hopes.
' Upon Monday Evening the Enemy, whofe
c Numbers were very great, as we heard about
« 6000 Horfe, and 16,000 Foot, at leaft; ours
* drawn down, as to found Men, to about 7500
' Foot, and 3500 Horfe.
' The Enemy drew down to their Right Wing
< about two Thirds of their Left Wing of Horfe,
' fhoeging alfo their Foot and Train much to the
< Right,
346 The Parliamentary HISTORY
er-regmim. * Right, caufnig their Right Wing of Horfe to edge
1650. t down towards the Sea.
v — J * We could not well imagine but that the Ene-
ytem er. < ^ intended to attempt upon us, or to place them-
' felves in a more exact Condition of Interpofition.
' Major-Oeneral Lambert and myfelf coming to the
* Earl of Roxburgh^ Houfe, and observing this Po-
* fture, I told him I thought it did give us an Op-
* portunity and Advantage to attempt upon the
* Enemy ; to which he immediately replied, That
* he had thought to have faid the fame Thing to
* me; fo that it pleafed the Lord to fet this Appre-
* henfion upon both of our Hearts at the fame In-
* ftant. We call'd for Col. Monck and fhew'd him
* the Thing ; and coming to our Quarters at Night,
* and demonftrating our Apprehenfions to fome of
' the Colonels, they alfo chearfully concurred.
' We therefore refolved to put our Bufmefs into
* this Pofture ; that fix Regiments of Horfe and
* three Regiments and an Half of Foot fhould
' march in the Van : That the Major- General,
* the Lieutenant-General of the Horfe, and the
* Commiflary-General, and Colonel Monck^ to
' command the Brigade of Foot, fhould lead on
4 the Bufmefs : And that Colonel Prides Brigade,
* Col. Overtoils Brigade, and the remaining two
* Regiments of Horfe, fhould bring up the Cannon
4 and Rear; the Time of falling on to be by Break
* of Day ; but, thro' fome Delays, it proved not to
* be fo till Six o'Clock in the Morning.
* The Enemy's Word was The Covenant^ which
* it had been for fome Days ; ours, The Lord of
' Hofts. The Major-General, Lieutenant-Gene-
* ral Fleetwood) Commiflary-General ll^haley^ and
* Colonel Tivijleton, gave the Onfet, the Enemy
* being in a very good Pofture to receive them, ha-
' ving the Advantage of their Cannon and Foot
* againft our Horfe.
6 Before our Foot could come up the Enemy
' made a gallant Refiftance, and there was a very
' hot Difpute at Sword's Point between our Horfe
* and theirs. Our firft Foot, after they had dif-
* charged
Of E N G L A N D. 347
4 charged their Duty, being overpowered by the Inter-regnum.
' Enemy, received fome Repulfe, which they foon l65°
' recovered : But my own Regiment, under the V~~V7T"'
4 Command of Lieutenant-Colonel Goffe and my epte"
4 Major White, did come feafonably in ; and, at
4 the Pufh of Pike, did repel the ftouteft Regiment
4 the Enemy had there, meerly with the Courage
' the Lord was pleafed to give, which proved a
4 great Amazement to the Refidue of their Foot.
4 This being the firft Action between the Foot,
* the Horfe, in the mean Time, did, with a
4 great deal of Courage and Spirit, beat back all
4 Oppofition, charging through the Bodies of the
4 Enemy's Horfe and Foot ; who were, after the
* firft Repulfe given, made, by the Lord of Hofts^
* as Stubble to their Swords.
* Indeed, I believe I may fpeak it without Par-
1 tiality, both your Chief Commanders and others
4 in their feveral Places, and Soldiers alfo, a&ed
4 with as much Courage as ever hath been feen in
* any Action fince this War.
4 I know they look not to be named, and there-
4 fore I forbear Particulars ; the beft of the Ene-
4 my's Horfe and Foot being broken through and
4 through in lefs than an Hour's Difpute, and their
4 whole Army being put into Confufion, it became
4 a total Rout, our Men having the Chafe and
4 Execution of them near eight Miles.
4 We believe that upon the Place, and near
4 about it, were 3000 flain ; Prifoners taken of their
* Officers you have a Lift- inclofed ; of the private
4 Soldiers taken, near 10,000 j the whole Baggage
« and Train taken, wherein was good Store of
4 Match, Powder and Bullet, all their Artillery,
4 great and fmall, and 30 Guns.
« We are confident they have left behind them
4 not lefs than 15,000 Arms. IJiave already near
4 200 Colours brought in to me, which I herewith
4 fend you. *
4 What
a The Journals fay thcfe Colours belong' d to 17 Regiments of
Foot, and 27 of Horfe.
348 *Tbe Parliamentary HISTORY
* What Officers of theirs, of Quality, are kiU'cfc,
« we cannot yet learn ; but yet iurcly divers arc,
* and many Men of Quality are mortally wounded,
September. < as ^<oj Lumfden^ the Lord Liberton^ and others.
' And that which is no fmall Addition, I do not
' believe we have loft 20 Men ; not one Commif-
' fion Officer flain, as I hear of, fave one Cornet,
* and Major R.ookjby, fince dead of his Wounds,
' and not many mortally wounded. Col. IVbaley
' only cut in the Wrift, and his Horfe killed under
* him, having received two Shot; but he well, re-
' covered another Horfe, and went on in the
« Chafe.
' Thus you have a Profpecl of one of the moft
' fignal Mercies God hath done for England and his
' People this War ; and now it may pleafe you to
' give me Leave of a few Words :
* It is eafy to fay the Lord hath done this ; it
' would do you good to fee and hear our poor Foot
' go up and down, making their Boaft of God :
' But, Sir, it is in your Hands, and by thefe emi-
' nent Mercies God puts it more into your Hands,
* to give Glory to him to improve your Power,
' and his Bleffings, to his Praife. We that ferve
* you beg of you not to own us, but God alone ;
' we pray you own his People more and more, for
* they are the Chariots and Horfemen of Ifratl.
' Difown yourfelves, but own your Authority, and
* impiove it to curb the Proud and the Infolenr,
* fuch as would difturb the Tranquility of Eng-
* Iana\ though under what fpecious Pretences fo-
' ever.
' Relieve theOpprefied j hear the Groans of poor
« Prifoners in Fngland ; be pleated to reform the A-
* bufes of all Profeffions; and if there be any one that
* makes many poor to make a few rich, that fuits not
« a Commonwealth. If he that ftrengthens yous
* Servants to fight, pleafe to give you Hearts to fet
* upon thefe Things, in order to his Glory and the
* Glory of your Commonwealth, befidcs the Be-
* nefit England mall feel thereby, you (hall fhine
' forth to other Nations, who (hall emulate the
4 Glory
Of ENGLAND. 349
* Glory of fuch a Pattern, and, through the Power inter-regnum,
' of God, turn into the like. 1650.
c Thefe are our Defires ; and that you may have <— — v— — '
*• Liberty and Opportunity to do thefe Things, and Septen
* not be hindered, we have been and {hall be, by
c God's Affiftance, willing to venture our Lives,
* and not defire you fhould be precipitated by Im-
' portunities, from your Care of Safety and Pre-
' lervation ; but that the doing of thefe good Things
' may 'have their Place amongft thofe which con-
* cern Well-being;, and fo be wrought in their
* Time and Order.
* Since we came into Scotland it hath been our
' Defire and Longing to have avoided Blood in this
* Bufinefs, by reafon that God hath a People here
' fearing his Name, though deceived ; and to that
' End have we offered much Love unto fuch in the
' Bowels of Chrift, and concerning the Truth of
* our Hearts therein, have we appealed unto the
« Lord.
* The Minifters of Scotland have hindered the
' Paflage of thefe Things to the Hearts of thofe to
* whom we intended them ; and now we hear that
' not only the deceived People, but fome of the
' Minifters are alfo fallen in this Battle. This is
* the great Hand of the Lord, and worthy of the
* Confideration of all thofe who take into their
6 Hands the Inftruments of a foolifh Shepherd, to
* wit, meddling with worldly Polices, and Mixtures
' of earthly Power, to fet up that which they call
* the Kingdom of Chrift ; which is neither it, nor,
' if it were, would fuch Means be found effectual
* to that End, and neglect or truft not to the Word
« of God.
4 The Sword of the Spirit is alone powerful
* and able for the fetting'up of that Kingdom, and,
* when trufted to, will be found effectually able
* to that End, and will alfo do it.
* This is humbly offered for their Sakes ; who
* having lately too much turned afide, that they
' might return again to preach Jefus Chrift accord-
' ing to the Simplicity of the Gofpel ; and then,
Inter-repnum
1650.
September.
350 The Parliamentary HISTORY
* no doubt, they wiJJ difcern and find your Protec-
* tion and Encouragement.
' Befeeching you to pardon this Length, I hurn-
1 bJy take Leave, and reft,
SIR,
Tour mojl bumble Servant^
O. CROMWELL.
P. S. ' Some Thoufands wounded befides thofe
above-mentioned; 27,000 routed; the Scots
King and his Council withdrawn, but not known
whither ; the Lord Chancellor's Purfe and Seals
taken, with a Book in them, of the new Ac~ts
fign'd by their declared King ; alfo divers Skeines
and Knives, wherewith they intended to have
murdered the Engiijh^ had they come into Eng-
land.
* Since the Fight, the City of Edinburgh taken :
« Lelth alfo taken.'
Annex'd to this Letter was a Lift of the Names
of the Scots Officers taken Prifoners in this Action :
But it will be fufficient for our Purpofe to obferve
that they confifted of one Lieutenant- General,
three Colonels, eleven Lieutenant-Colonels, nine
Majors of Horfe and Foot, forty-feven Captains
of Horfe and Foot, feven Captain-Lieutenants of
Horfe and Foot, one Adjutant-General, feventy
Lieutenants of Foot, twelve Cornets, four Quar-
ter-Mafters of Horfe, and feventy-eight Enfigns.
Another Letter from the Lord General to the
Lord Prefident of the Council of State, was alfo
read.
Lordy Dunlar^ Sept. 4, 1650.
Have fent the Major-General with fix Regi-
of Horfe, and one of Foot, towards
purpofing, God willing, to follow
' after To-morrow with what Conveniency I may.
4 We are put to exceeding Trouble, though it be
an
jVJLy J-iUTUy
e T Have fen
' _§__ ments c
' Edinburgh,
Of E N G L A N D. 351
c an Effect of abundant Mercy, with the Numer- Inter-regnum.
' oufnefs of our Prifoners, having fo few Hands, 1650.
' fo many of our Men ficlc, fo little Conveniency *—- l— v~ — '
* of difpofing of them; and not, by Attendance eptem r*
' thereupon, to omit the Seafonablenefs of the
' Profecution of this Mercy as Providence fhall
« direct.
' We have been conftrained, even out of Chrif-
* tianity, Humanity, and the forementioned Necef-
' fity, to difmifs between 4 and 5000 Prifoners,
* almoft ftarved, fick, and wounded; the Remain-
' der, which are the like or a greater Number, I
' am fain to fend by a Convoy of four Troops of
* Col. Hacker's to Berwick^ and fo on to New-
6 caflle Southward.
4 I think fit to acquaint your Lordmip with two
* or three Obfervations : Some of the Honefteft in
* the Army amongft the Scots did profefs, before the
* Fight, that they did not believe their King in his
* Declaration; -and it is moft evident he did fign it
' with as much Reludlancy, and as much againit his
* Heart, as could be ; and yet they venture their
6 Lives for him upon this Account, and publifh this
< to the World, to be believed as the Ad of a Perfort
' converted, when in their Hearts they know he
' abhorred the doing of it, and meant it not.
' I hear when the Enemy marched up laft to us,
* the Minifters prefled their Army to interpofe be-
c tween us and home, the chief Officers defiring
* rather that we might have Way made, though
* it were by a Golden Bridge ; but the Clergy's
* Counfel prevailed, to our great Comfort, thro*
* the Goodnefs of God.
* The Enemy took % a Gentleman of Major
c Brown's Troop Prifoner that Night we came
' toHaddington; and having Quarter through Lieu-
' tenant General David Lejlies Means, who, find-
* ing him a Man of Courage and Parts, laboured
' with him to take up Anns ; but the Man expref-
* fing Conftancy and Refolution to this Side, the
* Lieutenant-General caufed him to be mounted,
« and
352 The Parliamentary HISTORY
and with two Troopers to ride about to view
their gallant Army, ufmg that as an Argument
to perfuade him to their Side ; and when this was
lber' done, difmirTed him to us in a Bravery : And in-
deed, the Day before we fought, they did ex-
prefs fo much Infolency and Contempt of us, to
fome Soldiers they took, as was beyond Appre-
henfion.
Your Lord/hip's moft humble Servant,
O. CROMWELL.
After reading- all thefe Letters, the Houfe re-
Sfpftet folv'd, that the Council of State fhould give Or-
thereupon. ders for profecuting the War in Scotland in the moft
effectual Manner, and prepare all Neceffaries of
Men, Money, Proviiions, Medicines, Surgeons,£3V.
for that Purpoie : That the 8th of Oftober next be
fet apart as a Day of publick Thankfgiving for
this great Victory, which God had vouchfafed to
the Parliament's Forces : That all the Colours,
both of Horle and Foot, now brought up from the
Scot's Army, together with thole taken at Prefton,
when they invaded England in 1648, be invento-
ried, with their refpecbive Motto's and Devices, by
the Clerk of the Parliament, and hung up on each
Side of Wejiminfter-Hall, as a Monument of this
great Mercy, to Pofterity : That the Council of
State do prepare a Letter to be fign'd by the Speaker,
and lent to the Lord General, in the Name of the
Parliament, taking Notice of his eminent Services,
with the fpecial Acknowledgment and Thanks of
the Houfe ; and that his Excellency be therein dc-
fired to return their Thanks alfo to the Officers
and Soldiers of the Army \ and that a Number of
Gold and Silvqr Medals be distributed amongfl
them. Belides all this the Houfe voted feveral
Gratuities in Money to the Officers and other
Meftengers that brought the News of this impor^
tant Victory : They alfo appointed a Committee
to draw up a Narrative thereof, with an Act for
«ap-
< T
' I
"^^
Of E N G L A N D. 353
appointing a Thankfgiving Day for the fame; Inter-regnuna.
which was pafs'd in the following Terms : l65°-
F any Nation in the World hath at this Day SePtember-
upon them mighty and ftrong. Obligations-
"^^ * , — . /• \ • i- » JT « r n • -"-n Act ror an-
' unto the Lord, for his peculiar Manifeftationsp0jnting a *
* of Mercy and Goodnefs unto them, wherein he Thankfgiving
« hath filled with Admiration and Aftonimment aBJT that oe
' that have been Spectators and Obfervers of the
* Out-goings of his Power, in Deliverances and
* Prefervations, it is the Parliament and People of
* England ; in the Midft of whom the Lord hath
* walked moft eminently for thefe ten Years laft
* paft, and conftantly exercifed them by various
' and wonderful Providences ; being pleafed to
' make ufe of a few weak unworthy Inftruments,
' contemptible in the Eyes of Meri, to bring great
' Things to pafs, and carry on his own Work,
' that the Power might appear to be of God, and
« not of Man ; and this in the weakeft and loweft
* Condition of his Servants, when we have been
' reduced to the greateft Straits, and had, as it
* were, the Sentence of Death in ourfelves ; and
« bur Enemies heightened and hardened, by their
' Power and Multitudes, in their Confidences,
' even to Pride and Arrogance, ready to fwallow
' us up, and deftroy us : So that, upon moil of
' the Victories vouchfafed unto us, there hath been
' written in broad and .vifible Characters, This
« hath God wrought ; thus far hath God helped us.
* And as it is the Duty of all Perfons in this
< Common-wealth, efpecially thofe that fear the
' Lord, to obferve thefe his marvellous and graci-
' ous Difpenfations, and be taught by them not
c only to fubmit unto, and jclofe with, the Actings
' and Appearances of the Lord, who worketh all
' Things according to the Council of his oivn Will ;
' but to be enlarged inRejoycings and thankful Ac-
' knowledgements, and to truft him in like Straits
4 for Time to come ; fo the Memorial of fuch
« Mercies and glorious Deliverances of the Al-
VOL. XIX. Z « mighty
354 ^je Park dwtutary HISTORY
ntcr-rf-nnm. * mighty dcfervc to be tranfmitted to Pofterity,
* and fur ever recorded unto his Praifc.
' — -\~~~J * In the Number of thefc, and as that which
4 may have the firft Place, the Parliament is moft
4 exceedingly affected with the late wonderful and
* gracious Dealing of the Lord, towards their Ar-
' my under the Command of their prefent General,
* General Cromivcll, in Scotland; and with the glo-
' rious Victory which he hath there wrought for
* them in an unexpected Seafon againft the Scots ;
* for which ineftimable Blefling of God unto the
4 Parliament and People of England^ enriched
4 with fo many remarkable Circumftances, that all
* along evidence his Divine Prefence, this Com-
* mon-weakh can never be fufficiently thankful ;
* efpecially if it beconfidered, that in this is given
4 in a Seal and Confirmation from Heaven, of the
4 Jufticc of our Caufe, and of the Sincerity of his
4 Servants, that are his unworthy Inftruments in
4 the carrying of it on, after that moft folemn Ap-
4 peals were made on both Sides to God himfelf,
4 the righteous Judge, in this neceffitated War be-
4 tween England and Scotland ; and that all Means
4 of Chriftian Love and Tendernefs towards thofe
4 that bear the Name of Godly in the Scots Na-
4 tion, have been ufed to inform and perfuade
4 them, and prevent, if it had been the Will of
4 God, a Dccifion by the Sword, and the fame re-
4 jecled. And, indeed, fuch is the Riches and
4 Fulnefs of this high and inexpreffible Mercy,
4 that the Value and Confequence thereof, is not
4 in a fliort Time to be apprehended ; but is of
4 that Nature, as fucceedins; Generations will be '
4 tafting the Sweet and Good of it, as often as they
c look back upon it, and penetrate into it : For in
* the Bofom of it is comprehended the Safety of all
4 that hath been fought for thefe many Years late
4 paft ; and, together with this Victory, God
4 hath renewed Being and Life itfelf to this Com-
4 mon-weakh, and the Government thereof;
' whofe total Ruin and Subverfion was not only
4 con-
Oy ENGLAND. 355
* contrived and defigned, but almofl ripened unto rn^r-regn
' an Accomplifliment, by all the Enemies of it, un-
4 der the faireft Vrizards and Difguifes they could se-Tembe
, ' cloath themfelves with ; that is to fay, of the
* Caufe of God) the Covenant and Privileges of
' Parliament, the more eafy to feciuce and deceive
* a Party within this Nation, who lay waiting for
* it, and to concentre in one all the Strength that
' could be heap'd up together, of various deirruc-
* tive Interefts unto the Power of Godlinefs, and
1 true Liberty and Freedom of the People, the
' Maintenance whereof is fo much in the Deiires
' and Endeavours of this Common- wealth.
' In this Combination the Popifli, PrelaticaJ,
c Profane, and Malignant Parties ftood behind the
e Curtain, and feemed for a Seafon to be quite laid
* afidc, that the Caufe of God, the Covenant, and
* Work of Reformation might bear the Name, and
' the Promoters thereof the only Power and Sway,
* through whofe feeming Credit and Authority our
' Hands might be wealcned, our Caufe blemimed,
' and general Infurrections from all Parts of Eng-
1 land procured ; and fo obtain that through De-
' ceit=>and Hypocrify joined with Power, which,
4 by Force alone, they durft not attempt ; as ha-
' ving found, by frequent and dear Experiences, the
* mighty Hand of God drawn out againft them, as
* often foever as they appeared in a Way of mere
4 and open Force. And_ now when the Defign
' was thus fubtilly and dangeroufly laid, and the E-
c nemy in his own Thoughts was in fo fair a Way
4 of accomplifhing thereof, that they doubted no-
* thing lefs than of. having our Army at their Mer-
' cy, and of marching up to London without Oppo-
* fition, with their new King at the Head of theirs,
* the following Narrative will declare how fuddenly
* the Lord turned himfelf againft them, and arofe
* like a Giant refrefoedwith JVine, beftowing upon
* England the moft feafonable and wonderful Vic-
* tory over his Enemies, that it hath ever known,
* or been made Partaker of.
Z 2 The
356 The Parliamentary HISTORY
The NARRATIVE.
* After the March of our Army into Scotland*
' upon the Grounds of "Ju/lice and Necejjity, and in
September. t ^ Pro/edition of thoje Ends heretofore declared by
* us ; and that all Means had been ufcd by the Ge-
* ncral and his Council of War for to prevent the
* Effufwn of Blood, and bringing the Guilt of it
4 upon their own Heads, which they might incur
' upon their Objlinacy :
* The Enemy mijlahing the Grounds of our March,
' took Courage on a fudden, p erf ua ding themf elves
' we now durji not engage with them, as verily ima~
* gining we had with our fick Men Jijipp'd away
' our Ordnance already, which was indeed only fent
' with a Party before towards Haddington ; and
* having been informed that we intended, after we
' were come to Dunbar, to fend away all our In-
* fantry by Sea, and with our Horje to return back
* into England ; between which and our Quarters
' then they knew there were many Pajfts, where they
* might have an Advantage eaftly to annoy us, &c.
' Here begun the Pride of the Scots Army fo to
' fweil, as they quite forgot an over-rulingProvidence,
1 their Scouts upbraiding us, They now had us fafe
' enough, and that though they had afforded us a
c Summer's Quarters, they hop'd to have it quickly
* repaid them, when they came to take up their
' Winter Quarters ; intending, as they Jaid, to
* convoy up our Rear for us to London : Tea, ft
' far had their Pajjion blinded them, and their Pre-
* fumption prevailed upon them, that, as we were
' informed by feme of their own, they fat in Con-
* fultation what Conditions it was Jit they jhould
' offer us ; whether or no Quarter was to be allow' d
' to any for their Lives; and to wham only, and up-
' on what Terms: And indeed many vjere the D Jfi-
« cultics that it pleafed the Lord at that Time to fet
* before our Army; the Ground the Enemy had gotten
' being inaccejfible, and not pojfible for us to engage
6 him upon without apparent Hazard, &c.
« The
Of ENGLAND. 357
1 The ferious Consideration of all which, as it inter-regn«n».
c doth give the Parliament Caufe of great Thank-
c fulnefs unto God for this his unfpeakable Good-
* nefs ; fo they do moft earneftly defire that the
* whole Nation, together with themfelves, may
' be deeply fenfible of the fame; and therefore they
* do ena& and ordain, &c.
Sept. 1 1. The Doors of the Houfe being order-
ed to be kept fhut 'till Twelve, inter alia, a Re-
port was made from the Council of State, That,
in purfuance of the late Order of Parliament for
fending the two Children of the late King out of
the Commonwealth, the Council had fent them to
the Me of flight : That the Lady Elizabeth was
at prefent indifpofed ; that (he had fome Inclination
to go to her Sifter, the Princefs of Orange •, which
the Council think fit me mould ; and that, for her
Maintenance, me be allowed looo/. a-year, paid
half-yearly, fo long as me mall behave herfelf in-
oftenfively to the Parliament and Commonwealth,
and half a Year's Allowance before-hand ; and
that, in the mean Time, 'till me could be fhipp'd
away, her Maintenance and Tranfportation might
be provided for by the Committee of the Revenue.
But, whilft the Report was making concerning
,. T-. •[• r , r , n • r The Princefs E*
this 1 rovilion for the unhappy rrmceis, we are/:.^^ be-m
told, by the Journals, That the Houfe was in-dead, the Parlia-
formed the Lady Elizabeth was dead a. She died ment give Orders
at CanJbrooke-CaJile, in the Me of Flight, within ator
\Veek after her and her Brother's Arrival in that
Place, of whatDiftemper is eafy to judge. Her Fa-
ther's unhappy Fate, and her own Imprifonment,
which me might expect, to be perpetual, were
Strokes too deep for her to bear. The Houfe, how-
ever, on this Information, gave Orders to the Com-
mittee of Revenue for her Interment in the faid
Ifland, and for providing Mourning for her Brother
Henry, his Servants now with him, and the Ser-
vants of the faid Lady.
Z 3 Ano-
a She was born Decrmbtr 28, i6ji,
358 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-rcgnnm. Another Part of the Report related to the young
1650. prince Henry; that he fhcuilcl be ferit by Tome Shii>
*-""~vT"~"'' to his Brother in Scotland, and to have IOOO/.
Septtw , a_ycar^ pajj half-yearly, for his Maintenance, fo
lone as he fhould behave himlelf inoffenfively to
the Commonwealth. But this Advice was reject-
ed by the Houfe ; and, after fome Debate, it was
^Sm^rrefolved that 15007. a-year be allowed from the
theMaintenanceCommonwealth of England unto Henry the third
of her Brother, gon of fac late King, for his Maintenance ; and
Punce fr.ry. ^^ ^e ^ ^^ to ^c brought up and educated in
the Univerfity of Heidelburgh.
Sept. 12. ThisDay wem
a Report from the Committee of theNavy, of an E-
ftimateof putting out a WinterGuard of Ships: But
having already triven fome Specimens of this Kind
of Eftimates, we pafs over that now before us*
Sept. 17. The King's Declaration from Scotland
has been mentioned, and that an Anfwer to it was
ordered to be drawn up, and brought into the
Houfe for their Approbation. Accordingly the faid
Anfwer was this Day prefented and read, firft at
large and afterwards by Parts ; and each Part being
put to the QueiHon, was afiented to, with fome
Amendments; on which a Divifion of the Houfe
happen'd, (if we may call that a Houfe which con-
fifted only of 36 Members, 20 againft 1 6) and the
Debate was put oft to next Day.
Accordingly, Sept. 18, this Debate w7as refum'd ;
and the Anfwer, after fome more Amendments at
the Table, was pafled, and ordered to be printed
and publifhed, together with the King's Declara-
tion, Paragraph by Paragraph.
Sept. 20. The Houfe being informed that Mr.
Rujkworth, Secretary to the Lord- General in Scot-
/^777^/,was at the Door, he was called in, and made a
Relation of the State and Condition of the Parlia-
ment's Army in that Kingdom. Cromwell had now
followed his Blow at Dunbar fo well as not only to
take
Of ENGLAND. 359
take both Lcitb and Edinburgh^ but had Jikewifc fnter-regnum.
laid Siege to the Cattle. The Secretary alfo deli- l65°-
vered to the Houfe Copies of four Letters found in c
Lord London s Cabinet after the Battle j which
were all read, and ordered to be printed and pub-
lifned at the latter End of the Declaration and An-
fwer above-mentioned.
All thefe are in our Collection; and fince they
contain a curious and fuccinct Hiitory of thefe
Times, no where elfe to be met with that we know '
of, they deferve reprinting here, without any Apo-
logy for the Length of them. The Introduction
runs thus :
4 TT is well known unto the World what Man- The King's Jate
6 JL ner of Conteft the Parliament of England hath Dedaration3with
* had, thefe Years laft paft, in their own Defence, the Parliament's
4 to preferve themfelves from the almoft-eftablifh'd A"
4 Tyranny which, through a long Tract of Time,
6 had been obtruding itfelf, as well over the Con-
* fciences as the Laws and Civil Liberties of the
4 People in England^ Ireland^ and Scotland; de-
4 figning and practiiing the Extremity of all Evils
* upon thefe Nations, rather than to fuffer itfelf to
4 be ftopp'd in its Courfe, or difappointed of its End :
' Elfe what fignified the firft Troubles raifed in
' Scotland by the late King, and, that failing, then
4 the cherifhing, upholding, and continuing, to the
* laft, the horrid and bloody Rebellion in Ireland^
4 by the fame Hand ; and, after all, the bringing
* of an unnatural War into the Bowels of this Na-
* tion, managed and improved to the utmoft by
* him and the Popifh, Prelatkal, and Profane Party
* adhering to him therein ? Which Evils have
4 been writ out in fuch deep Characters of Blood,
4 been attended with fuch Confumption of Trea-
4 fure, and almoft Devaftation of feveral Countries
4 in the three Nations, that they will not fuddenly
4 be worn out of the People's Senfe, much lefs of
4 their Memory.
4 Yet, even during thefe Troubles, the Designers
' were not afhamed to appear bare-faced, in their
4 open
360 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Interregnum. « Open and avowed Principles of Oppofition and
1 Hatred againft the Caufe of God, the Work of
r^ber"' ' Reformation, Privileges of Parliament, and
c People's Liberties ; having, for that Purpofe, in-
* corporated themfelves in Intereft with all the
' known and implacable Enemies of the fame; as,
' the Popifh Party abroad, and Prelatical and Ma-
« lignant Party at home.
* But now when, by the unfpeakable Blefling of
< God unto this Nation, Tyranny hath received
' its mortal Wound, not only by being beaten out
« of the Field, in all that have fought for it, but by
* the remarkable Jufticc that hath been done upon
' the prime Inftrument, in the late King's Execu-
* tion ; and, in confequence thereof, the Govern -
f ment of this Nation reftor'd to a Commonwealth
' and Free State, and the Supreme Authority efta-
« bliflied in this and fuccefljve Parliaments or Re-
* pretentatives of the People, without King or
< Houfe of Lords, as the beft Means and ftrongeft
' Bulwark, under the Divine Protection, to preferve
* the People's Liberties againft the like Attempts
4 and Invafions for Time to come, and fo deprived
* of all Hopes of its ever taking Root again in this
' Commonwealth ; and being like alfo, if this
* Commonwealth continue, to lofe Ground in Scot-
* /tfWand other Nations, where the People are made
' meer Slaves and Vaflals to theWill of their Prince,
* and his lordly Inftruments in Church and State :
* It hath feemed good to Charles Stuart^ the de-
* clared King of Scotland, and to the prevailing
* Party in State and Kirk there, to drefs up this old
* and malignant Caufe in a more plaufible and rc-
* ligious Garb than that with which it was put
* forth before ; and to take it out of, or rather for
* a Time fufpfend its Exercife in, the Hands of the
* Popifh, Prelatical, and Malignant Party, who
' begin alfo to fee they can keep it up no longer,
' but it will certainly breathe out its laft Gafp, if
« it be not fhifted, and, by fome Change of Inftru-
* ments, recover a Reputation amongft good Men ;
\ and therefore a Room and Place is made, by
' com-
Of E N G L A N D. 361
t common Confent amongft them, to receive and Inter-regnuny
4 hide the Intereft of Tyranny, and of Oppofition l65°-
* to all Chriftian as well as Civil Liberty, within ^ ""uT^
* the Verges of the Solemn League and Covenant :
* The figning of which Covenant, and the emitting
* of a Declaration, by the eldeft Son of the late
* King, expreffing, in Words, a fuperficial Re-
* pentance for what there is no Probability for him
' at the prefent to put in Practice ; and promifing,
' in effect, for the future, to tyrannize and enflave
* Men chiefly by the Advice of the Kirk, and as
' lhall tend to uphold their Power and Clergy-In-
c tereft, in the firft Place, before his own ; an Ho-
' mage which the Pope indeed hath claimed from
' earthly Princes, as that which is due to him, as
' he pretends himfelf God's Vicar on Earth !
' This is now accounted full Satisfaction, as to
* what is to be done on his Part ; and whereupon
' they would make the World believe the State
' of the Caufe is altered, even to that Degree, as
1 that their new King is now no longer upon his
* old Principles ; but is come over to thofe upon
« which they have fought againft his Father for
' thefe twelve Years paft. The Deceit and Evil
* of all which will appear when we fhall come to
« take in Pieces the faid Declaration, and thereby
' unmalk, as we have promifed, the grofs Hypo-
* crify of the Contrivers thereof, and the wicked
' Defign that is couched and contained therein,
' under Pretence of the Name and Caufe of God ;
* the Work of Reformation ; the Power and Free-
* dom of Parliaments in England, according to
* their antient Form, except only a perpetual fub-
' jeering and fubordinating of their Laws, Coun-
* fels, and Advices to the Clergy, who have a Pro-
* mife, That their Counfels (hall be heard before
' any other whatfoever, and other plaufible Induce-
« ments to poflefs himfelf of the Crown of England;
« and having obtained that Power, with the De-
£ ftruclion of all the faithful and truly godly Party,
4 that have declared themfelves foj this preient Go-
* vernment, he may then be more abfolute in Ty-
' raniiy
362 The Parliamentary HISTORY
* ranny than ever Prince in England was, and de-
4 rive the fame in Succeflion to his Poilcrity, u'pon
' the Score of Conqueft acquired to him by the
' Help of the Scots ; whofe Good-will to England
' (for the Caufe of God, as they would have us
* believe) hath been and ftill is fuch, as to hold it
4 fit to impofe upon us the Yoke of their Ufurpa-
« tions both in Church and State, and have not
* fcrunled to attempt the attaining of the fame, ei-
' ther by Subtilty or Force : By both which Means
* they never thought themfelves in fo fair a Way
* unto their End, as now they have cart themfelves
' into by their late Agreement with their ncwKing;
« and this Declaration they have made him put
' forth a, which we (hall anfwer in the diftin£t Pa-
* ragraphs of it, in Order as they lie.
SECTION I.
His Majejty, taking into Consideration that mer-
ciful Difpenfation of Divine Providence, by which he
hath been recovered out of the Snare of evil Counfel j
and having attained fo full Perfuafion and Confidence
tf the Loyalty of his People in Scotland, with whom
he hath too longjhod at a Dijfance ; and of the Righ-
teoufnefs of their Caufe, as to join in one Covenant
with them, and to cajl himfelf and his Interejls
wholly upon God; and, in all Matters Civil, to fol-
low the Advice of his Parliament, and fuch as /hall
be intruded by them ; and, in all Matters Eccleftajlic,
the Advice of the General AJfembly and their Commrf-
ftcners ; and being fenfible of bis Duty to God, and
defirous to approve himfelf to the Consciences of all
bif good Subjects, and to Jlop the Mouths of his and
their Enemies and Traducers, doth, in reference to
his former Deportments, and as to his Refolutions
for the future, declare as follows :
ANSWER.
* The Difpenfations of Divine Providence are
' indeed merciful, by which Princes or Governors
* are
a This Copy of the King's Declaration has been collated by the
original Edition, printed at Edinburgh, with which it agrees exact-
ly. It was alfo reprinted at Aberdeen, and at the Hague by Samuel
jlraxn. All which Editions are in ourColledicn.
Of ENGLAND. 363
c are at any Time really recovered out of the Snare Inter-regnum.
' of evil Counfel ; yet when thi^ is done by the
4 Violence of an abfolute Neceffity, it is feldom
' real or lafting ; and then the Mercy in it is but
* little to the People, who will tafte the bitter
' Fruit of fuch Diffimulations when it is too late.
' It feems that the King of Scotland can now pro-
* fcfs to the World he hath been in the Snare of
' evil Counfel, wbilft he entertained any Doubts or
* Diffidence of the Loyalty of his People of Scotland ;
' and flood at a Diftance from them and their Caufe ;
' and was unconvinced of the Righteoujnefs of it-y
' and did not join in one Covenant with them, nor
* cajl himfelfand his Inter efts wholly upon God ; and,
' in all Matters Civil, follow the Advice of his Par-
' liament ; and, in all Matters Ecdefiajlic, the Ge-
' neral AJJembly, or the CommiJJioners thereof.
' We do not deny but his former Councils, as
' well as himfelf, have fuffered a great Change,
< through the merciful Difpenfation of Divine Pro-
« vidence to this Commonwealth profpering fo
' wonderfully our Armies in Ireland, as to ex-
c elude him and his Intereft in a great Meafure
' from thence, and preferving this Nation in Peace
c within itfelf, to prevent any Footing to be given
' to him here ; whereby he was reduced to the
' Courfe he hath now taken, to faf what the
' Parliament and Kirk of Scotland fhall put into
' his Mouth, and tell Kim is fit for him and his
' Affairs to declare, or elfe to lofe all. And if
6 Scotland do efleem it fo great a Mercy, to have
« him reduced to this pure Necefiity of cafting him-
* felf into their Arms, we know to whom, un-
4 der God, they owe the Obligation ; a Bleffing
' which, we confefs, we do not envy them, an?
« which, were we fecured never to be Partaker bl
1 with them, or by their Means, we fhould P(
' hinder them from the free and full Enjoyment •
' having, by fad Experience, found what it is '
' have a King, though never fo well befet in A;'
' pearance with good Men about him, or to tru-
* to his Repentances and Promifes, Oaths ocDecL
' rations.
3 64 The Parliamentary Hi s T OR y
er-repnum. ' rations, how fair foever in Shew, and how ftrong
1650. * foever laid down in Words.
~\ ' As to the Evil of the Counfel, out of which, its
* faid, be is recovered by this Change ; we fay, That
' if the future Refolutions, mention'd in this Decla-
' ration, be the Evidences whereby we are to judge
' of the Goodnefs of the new Counfel, we cannot
'but take Notice, that they do only vary the Means,
4 but not the End, which ftill is evil, to wit, The
' enflaving the three Nations ; and do change the
* Inftruments, but not theCaufes, as is before, and
* {hall further be, made evident ; and therefore we
* mult be excufed, if we judge that their young
'"King is yet in as great a Snare of evil Counfel as
' ever, and thereupon endeavour, what in us lies,
' to keep this Nation from falling under the bad
* Effeas thereof.
SECTION II.
Though his Majefly, as a dutiful Son, be obliged
to honour the Memory of his Royal Fat 'her , and"
have in EJlimation the Perjon of his Mother, yet
doth he defire to be deeply bumbled and afflifted in
Spirit before God, becaufe of his Father's hearkening
to, and following, evil Counfels, and his Oppofition
to the Work of Reformation, and to the Solemn
League and Covenant, by which fo much of the
Blood of the Lord's People hath been fied in thefe
Kingdoms j and for the Idolatry of his Mother,
the Toleration whereof in the King's Houfe, as it
was Matter of great Stumbling to all the P rot eft ant
Churches, fo could it not but be an high Provoca-
tion againji him who is a jealous God, vifiting the
Sins of the Fathers upon the Children : And albeit
his Mfijcfty might extenuate his former Carriages
and Aclions, in following of the Advice, and walk-
ing in the IVay, of thofe who are oppofete to the
Covenant and to the Work of God, and might ex~
cufe his delaying to give Satisfaction to the juft
and necejfary Defires of the Kirk, and Kingdom of
Scotland, from his Education, and Age, and evil
Counsel, and Company j and from the Jlrange and'
O/* ENGLAND 365
infolent Proceedings of Sectaries againjl bis Royal Jnter-rejnunv
Father, and in reference to Religion and the an- l65°-
tient Government of the Kingdom of England, to ^"^7^7*
which he hath the undoubted Right of SucceJJion ;
yet kno-wing that he hath to do with God, he doth
ingenuott/fy acknowledge all his own Sins, and all the
Sins of his Father's Houj'e ; craving Pardon, and
hoping for Mercy and Reconciliation, through the
BloodofJefusChrijL
And as he doth value the conflant AddreJJes that
•were made by his People to the Throne of Grace on his
Behalf, when he flood in Oppofition to the Work
of God, as a Jingular Teftimony of Long-fufferingy
Patience, and Mercy upon the Lord's Part, and
Loyalty upon theirs ; fo doth he hope, and Jhall
take it as one of the grcatefi Tokens of their Love
and Affeftion to him and to his Government, that
they will continue in Prayer and Supplication to
God for him, that the Lord, ^vho fpared and pre-
ferved him to this Day, notwithstanding all his o%un
Guiltinefs, may be at Peace with him, and give
him to fear the Lord his God, and to ferve hint
with a perfect Heart, and with a willing Mind}
all the Days of his Life.
ANSWER.
* The firft Teftimony of the Good of the new
' Councils, into whole Hands the Scots King hath
' caft himfelf, is, the Repentance towards God, which-
* they advife him to make, in reference to his own.
' Sins, and the Sins of his Father's Houfe ; a Mat-
* ter in itlelf truly praife-worthy, and the Confe-
c quence whereof, in the Words wherein it is ex-
* prefs'd, doth in no fmall Meafure reach to the
' Acknowledgement of the juftHand of God upoa
* his Father and Mother, in the baniftiing of the
* one, and taking away the Life of the other by
* the Hand of Juftice ; putting it into the Hearts
' of thofe here, that remained faithful to their
* Truft in Parliament, to caufe his Blood to be
' poured forth, by whofe perfonal A clings, (Autho-
* rity, arid Commiffions, fo much of the Blood of
« the
3 6 6 The Parliamentary HISTORY
jntcr-regnum. «»the Lord's People hath been fhed in the three
1650. t Nations, as this Declaration itfelf acknowledges;
1 v~— ^ < and for which therefore we have Reafon to bids
lber' * God, and admire his Providence, that out of the
* Mouth of the Son there hath, in the Sight of the
' whole World, been brought forth fuch a Juftiti-
* cation of the Sentence palled and executed upon
« the Father.
' But as to the Manner of declaring this his Re-
* pentance, that is to fay, with the Qualifications
* therein allowed of; whereby, under the Pretence
' of a dutiful Son, he may ftill retain in Memory
' his Father's Actions of Tyranny for his Pattern ;
' and, through the high Eftimation of his Mother,
' have his Ears ftill open to her Counfels, as often
* as flie can convey them to him : And as fenfible
' as he muft be of his own and his Father's En-
* mity and Oppofition againft the Lord's People
' in the three Nations j yet he muft ftill be encou-
' raged to perfift in the fame againft thofe that are
* truly the Lord's People, under the Pretence of
' Sectaries : Thefe are fuch Inconfiftences and
* Haltings in fo ferious a Work, that as it is juftly
* to be feared that God will not be well pleafed
4 therewith, fo neither will it have its expected
' Effect amongft Men ; who, with Eafe, may
' fee through the Deceit and Lamenefs of it, and
* will, with greater Abhorrency, be aware of them
* and their Defigns that ftrive to cover themfelves
* with Webs that will not prove Garments, but
4 whofe Nakednefs doth ftill appear.'
SECTION III.
And his Majefly having, upon full Perfuafion of
the Juftice and Equity of all the Heads and Arti-
cles thereof, now fuiorn and fubfcribed the National
Covenant of the Kingdom of Scotland, and the So-
lemn League and Covenant of the three Kingdoms
of Scotland, England, and Ireland, doth declare,
That he hath not fworn and fubfcribed thefe Cove-
nants, and entered into the Oath of God with his
People, upon any fimjler Intention and crooked De-
Of ENGLAND. 367
fign, for attaining bis own Ends ; but, fo far as Inter-regnum.
human Weakness will permit, In the Truth and Sin-
cerity of his Heart ; find that he is firmly refolded,
in the Lords Strength, to adhere thereunto, and to
projectile, to the utmojl of his Power, all the Ends
thereof \ in his Station and Calling, really, conftantly,
and Jincerely all the Days of his Life. In order to
which he doth, in the fir ft Place,profefs and declare,
That he vjlll have no Enemies, but the Enemies of
the Covenant ; and that he will have no Friends,
but the Friends of the Covenant : And, therefore,
as he doth now dete/i and abhor all Popery, Super-
Jiition and Idolatry, together with Prelacy, and all
Errors, Herefy, Schifm, and Profancnefs, and re-
f dives not to tolerate, much lefs allovj, any of thefe in
any Part of his Majejlys Dominions ; but to oppofe
himfelf thereto, and to endeavour the Extirpation
thereof to the utmsft of his Power ; fo doth he, as a
Chrijiian, exhort, and, as a King, require, that all
fuch of his Subjefls, who havejlood In Oppofition to
the Solemn League and Covenant, and Work of Re-
formation, upon a Pretence of Kingly Intereji, or
any other Pretext whatsoever, to lay down their En-
mity again/I the Caufe and People of God, and to
ccafe to prefer the Inter ejl of Man to the Interejl of
God ; which hath been one of thofe Things which
bath occafionea- many Troubles and Calamities in thefe
Kingdoms ; and, being Infijled on, will be fo far
from ejlablljhlng of the King's Throne, that it will
prove an Idol of Jealoufy, to provoke unto Wrath
him who is King of Kings, and Lord of Lords.
Firft, The King fl)all always ejleem them bejl Ser-
vants, and moji loyal 'Subjects, who ferve him, and
feck his Greatnefs, in a right Line of Subordination
unto God ; Giving unto God the Things that are
God's, and unto Goefar the Things that are Cee-
far's : And refolveth not to love or countenance any
who have fo little Confcience and Piety, as to fol-
low his Intercjl^ with a Prejudice to the Gofpel and
the Kingdom of fefus Chrift ; which he looks not
upon as a Duty, but as Flattery, and driving of
Self-
368 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. Self-Dffigns, under Pretence of maintaining Royal
1650. Authority and Greatnefs.
*— — /— »J Secondly, His Majcjly being convinced in Con-
Septem ... fcie)i^e cj~ (fa exceeding great Sinfulnefs and Unlaiv-
fulnefs of t!:at Treaty und Peace made with the bloody
Irifli Rebels, who treachcrcu/ly jhed the Blood of jo
many of bis faithful and loyal Sub/efts in Ireland,
and of allowing unto them the Liberty of the Popijh
Religion j for the which he doth from his Heart de-
fire to be deeply humbled before the Lord ; and like-
•wife, considering hoiu many Breaches havt been made
upon their Part^ doth declare the fame to be void,
and that his Majejly is abjolijed therefrom ; being
truiv forry that he Jhould have fought unto fo un-
lawful Help for rejloring of him to his Throne j
and refolding, for the Time to tcsme, rather to chufe
Iti'ion than Sin.
Thirdly, As his MajeJJy did, in the late Treaty
with his People in this Kingdom^ agree to recall and
annull ail Commijjions againft any of his Subjects
who did adhere to the Covenant and Monarchical
Government in any of his Kingdoms ; fo doth he now
declare, That^ by commiffionating fome Perfons by
Sea againft the People of England, he did not in-
tend Damage or Injury to his opprefs'd and harm-
lejs Subjects in that Kingdom^ who followed their
Trade of Merchandize in their lawful Callings ;
but only the eppofing and fuppreffing of thofe -who
bad usurped the Government , and not only bar him
from his jujl Right^ but alfo exercije an arbitrary
Power over his People^ in thofe Things which con-
cern their Perfons^ Ccnfciences^ and EJiates : And
as Jtfue bis coming into Scotland he hath given no
Comm'jjioHS agaiajl any of his Subjects in England
or Ireland, fo he doth hereby ajjjure and declare^
that be will give none to their Prejudice or Da-
mage ; and whatever Jhali be the Wrongs of thefe
UjurperS) that he will be jo far from avenging theft
upon any, who are free thereof^ by interrupting or
Jiolpi/!* the Liberty of Trad* t>nd Merchandize, or
tthenitife, that he will feek their Gocdj and to the
utmoji
Of E N G L A N D. 369
tttmojl, employ his Royal Power, that they may be Inter-regnum.
protected and defended againjl the unjuft Violence of l65°-
all Men whatfoever. *— ~ v-— '
A W albeit his Majejly defires to conjlntft well of s*Ptember-
the Intentions of thofe, in reference to his Majejly ,
who have been affive in Council or Arms againft
the Covenant ; yet, being convinced that it doth con-
duce for the Honour cf God, the Good of his Caufe,
and his own Honour and Happinefs, and for the
Peace and Safety of thcfe Kingdoms, that fuck be
not employed in Places of Power and Trufl, he doth
declare, that he will not employ, nor give Commif-
fions to , any fuch, untill they have not only taken or
renewed the Covenant, but alfo have given fuffi dent
Evidences of their Integrity, Carriage, and Affec-
tion to the IVork of Reformation, and /hall be de-
flared capable of Trujl by the Parliament of either
Kingdom refpeftively. And his Majefty, upon the
fame Grounds, doth hereby recall all Commiflions
given to any fuch Perfons ; conceiving all fuch Per-
fons will fo much tender a good Under/landing be-
twixt him and his Subjects, and the fettling and pre-
ferving a firm Peace in thefe Kingdoms, that they
will not grudge nor repine at his Majefty's Refo-
lutions and Proceedings herein, much iefs, upon Dif-
content, acl any Thing in a divided Way, unto the
raifeng of new Troubles ; efpecially fence, upon their
pious and good Deportment, there is a Regrefs left
unto them in Manner above exprefs'd.
ANSWER.
c It is fomewhat early Days for him, who, by
f reafon of his Education and Age, and the Coun-
' fel and Company hitherto about him, could not
* be much furthered into the Sight of the Juftice
' and Equity of what is contained in the Covenants
* mentioned ; prefently, that is to fay, in the Space
* of almoft twenty-four Hours, to grow up into
' the full Perfuafion of the Juftice and Equity of
* all the Heads and Articles of thofe Covenants,
' and to be able to declare, That he hath not fworn
* nor fubfcribed them upon any fmijler Intention and
VOL. XIX. A a « crooked
370 The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-return. « crooked Defign for attaining bis own Ends ; and
1650. t ^^ y^ yfoV a Rffo/Ktion to pcrfsft therein really,
*^~*~v~mmj ' conftantly, and fincerely all the Days of his Life;
September. t wnen as tne Commiflioners of the General Af-
* fembty, in their Declaration, dated the i3th of
' Augnjt, do fay, That there may be jujl Grounds
' of Jlumbling from his refufir.g to emit this Dc-
4 claration ; and do tell him in fo many Words,
' That they will not oiun him nor his Inter eft, other -
' wife than with a Subordination to Gad, and in fa
' far as he owns and profecutes the Caufe of God^ and
* difclaims his and his Father's Oppofition to the
' IVork of God, and to the Covenant, and all the
' Enemies thereof "j and notwithftanding all, he ftill
* perfifts in his Refufal, withdrawing to Dumferm-
* //'«£, whither the Marquis of Argyle and Larl of
' Lothian are fent after to prefs him to fubfcribe ;
* and, in the mean Time, Overtures are made
' under- hand to our Army, as if Things might yet
* be made up in a fair Way, and their King and
' they were not likely to agree : And, on the I5th
' of Augujl^ a Remonftrance and Supplication of
4 the Officers of the Scots Army, by v/ay of fe-
' eondins; the forcfaW Declaration of the Commit-
' tee of Eftates and Commiffioners of the General
* Aflembly, was prefented to, and approv'd of by,
' the Committee of Eftates ; and on the i6th of
' the faid Auguft, the Declaration fo earneftly pref-
' fed upon him, or rather forcibly extorted from
4 him, is fubfcribed and emitted by hkn.
' And now, in a Moment, what a blefled and
* hopeful Change is wrought upon this young King ?
* How hearty is he become to the Caufe of God,
' and the Work of Reformation ? And how rea-
' dily doth he fwallow down thefe bitter Pills which
* are prepared for and urg'd upon him, as necef-
* fary to effect that defperate Cure under which his
* Affairs lie ? But who fees not the grofs Hypocri-
* fy of this whole Tranfaction, and the fandy and
*. rotten Foundation of all the Refolutions flowing
'. hereupon ? As firft, He that, on the i5th of Au-
* guft-> hugrg'd all his Maligriant and Popifh Party
' in
Qf ENGLAND 371
« in hisBofom, and lodged them in the fecret Re- Intcr-rejnum.
' fcrves of his Favour and Love as his bell Friends, ,__V_y
* can now, on the i6th, the Day following, from September.
* a Fulnefs of Perfuafion of the Juflice and Equity
4 of all the Heads and Articles of the Covenant,
* renounce and difcard them in the Sight of God
* and the World, and vow never to have any more
* to do with them, as old Sinners, unlefs they, by
4 his Example^ turn to oe as good Converts as
1 himfelf, and be able to perfonate and acl: the
' fame Part ; and fo, by virtue of the very Cove-
* nant itfelf, eat out and undermine thofe who con-
* fcientioufly and honeftly intend the Ends of it.
' The fad Experience whereof, was as well ieen in
* the managing the whole Bufmefs of the Duke of
' Hamilton's Invaiion, as in many of the then
' Members in both Houfes ; who never (hewed
' more Zeal for the Covenant, than when they
' found that thereby they could fupprefs and beat
' down the truly godly and honeft Party, as Secla-
* ries and Enemies to Monarchical Government,
' and buoy up the finking and loft Reputations of
* the moft engaged Royalifts and rotten-hearted
6 Apoftates, under Pretence that they were turn'd
' Friends to the Work of Reformation, and for
' upholding the Church Intereft. And if, in this
* Senfe, the Scots King will have no Enemies, but
c the Enemies of the Covenant ; nor no Friends, but
' the Friends of the Covenant, he makes but little
* Change ; for he hath the fame Friends and Ene-
' mies that he had before, with this only Difference,
c that by his and his Party's becoming, in Appear-
* ance, Friends to the Covenant for a while, they
* have the Opportunity at the laft to make Ufe of
' this Engine, the better to undermine and oppofe
' the true Ends of the Covenant, than by a flat Op-
' pofition to it: And, to obtain a Crown, what
* Diffimulation is not thought lawful by Politicians?
' Though a larger Meafure than what is held
' forth in this Declaration, cannot eafily be inftan-
' ced ; and which therefore we doubt not but
' God, who is the Searcher of the Hearts , and 'Trier
A a 2 'of
fix 'Parliamentary HISTORY
of the Reins, will proceed further to difcover
in the Face of the Sun, and more feverely
judge in this new King of Scots and his Houfe,
September. ( 'tha- .]f he had deak piainly wjth Qod and Man>
« and held himfelf forth in his own Colours. The
« little Time which he hath been upon the Stage
* havinc; iurficiently laid him open what he is, a
* true Inheritor of his Father's Principles and
« Counfels, wherein he may be traced all along ;
* and even in this laft Action, wherein he hath
* trod in the Steps of his Father, as well'as other
* his Predeceflors ; who, whenever they found
* themfelves in Scotland befet with the Power
' of the Kirk and State, did fubfcribe and emit
* whatever was prefs'd upon them, though they re-
* folved to break all that ever was fo done by them
' upon the firft Occafion.
* And as a fecond Deduction from his full Per-
* fuaiion of the Juftice and Equity of all the Heads
* and Articles of the Covenant, he declares his
' Conviction in Conscience of the exceeding great
' Sinfuhiefs find UnUnvfulnefs of that Treaty and
* Peace made with the. bloody Irifh Rebels, and of al-
* lowing to them the Liberty of the PopiJJ) Religion ;
' and that he is refolvcd^ for the Time to ceme, ra~
' ther to choofe Ajjliftion than Sin. It feems very
* much to be doubted, if the Irijh Bifhop of Clog-
* her^ armed with a Com million from Ormond?
* Charles Stuart's pretended Lieutenant of Ireland,
' had, with his Army of Irijh Popifh Rebels, found-
' ed upon a pure Popifh Account, fucceeded and
' prevailed a^ain1!: cur Army in Ulfler, under Sir
' Chnrles Coot^ whether then that which is now con-
' feficd, and refolved agairlt as finful and unlawful,
* would have been fo acknowledged, or thought
4 Wifdom, perhaps, fo to have been by the Kirk
c of Scotland itself ; confidcring that the faid Bi-
* fhop offered very fair Quarter to all of the Scots
* Nation thr.t were ior Monarchical Government;
' and the Scots Clergy in thole Parts had about the
' fame Time ftirr'd up the People in our Quarters
* to Mutiny and Rebellion, infomuch that Sir
* Charles
Of ENGLAND. 373
* Charles Coot was neceffitated to fecure their Per-
* fons ; as if they had done it on purpofe to pre-
' pare the Way to uflier in the Infall upon our
4 Quarters, to deftroy our Forces by that Irijh Ar-
4 my, who pitched their Oppofition chiefly againft
4 fuch as they called Sectaries ; being indeed" fuch
* as declared for the Parliament of the Common-
4 wealth of England, But when Sin doth not pro-
* fper, it is no Wonder if it be bewail'd ; and if it
* lofe its Power, it is no Marvel if it lofe alfo its
4 Credit, even with the beft Friends to it. It is •
4 fit Popery and the bloody Rebellion of Ireland
4 (hould be renounced, and the Scots Kingabfolv'd
* from any further Hand in it, confidering the
4 many Breaches, or rather Failings, on their
* Parts, now that, through the Bleffing of God
4 upon the Sectarian Army in that Nation, as they
6 call them, the Rebels have been difmabled to
* keep themfelves in Power, and maintain his In-
4 tereft there j which we have good Reafon to be-1
4 lieve is yet a, greater Affliction to him, in his fo-
* ber Thoughts, than he finds it to be Sin ; for, as
* we are credibly inform'd, Ormond and Incbiquin
4 were very lately departing out of Ireland, and
* giving up all there ; but, by very frefli Direc-
4 tions and Commands from the Scots King out of
4 Scotland, they are required to ftay and promote
4 his Intereft there : In purfuance of which the faid
4 Ormond is as bufy as ever giving out Commiffions
4 among the Irijh, whether as Friends to the Co-
4 venant or no, we {hall leave the World to
4 judge.
4 The third and laft ErFeS of the Scots King's
4 full Perfuaiion of the Juftice and Equity of all the
4 Heads and Articles of the Covenant, is his recall-
4 ing all Commiffions formerly given for infefting the
4 Seas with Piracies and Depredations ; and Refo-
4 lutions, for the future* to employ none in fuch
4 Power and Trujl untill they have renewed the Co-
4 venant, and be declared capable of fuch Truft by
* the Parliament^ as more at large is afore recited
A a 3 'in
Inter-regnum.
1650.
September.
374 Th* Parliamentary HISTORY
lnter-r?sntirt». t m t'ne Claufc Ulclf. It is to be obferved, (as
' liule Juftice and Neceflity as the Scots pretend
c there was of lending our Army into Scotland) that
' here is now acknowledg'd by their King, for him-
* felt and them alfo, that the Scots have treated and
* concluded with their King, on the Behalf of the
* People of England and Ireland^ as well as Scot-
4 land, and have taken upon them (we prefume,
* by virtue of the Covenant) to intereft themfelves,
4 in the higheft Degree, in the Laws and Liberties
4 of England; and have laid the Ground-work of
* a new War, to be carried on principally by them-
4 feivcs in this Nation ; declaring for fuch as adhere
4 to the Covenant and Monarchical Government,
* and againft fuch as (without Oppoiition to the
4 Covenant) are for this Commonwealth as it is
4 now eftablifh'd, without King or Houfe of Lords ;
* and yet have the Confidence to appeal to God
4 how innocent they are of giving us any Caufe to
' fend an Army into Scotland, in our Defence, and
4 to keep oft this deep- defined War from our own
* Doors, as Ion?;, at leait, as God {hall enable us
4 thereunto. Will not God judge fuch under-hand
* Dealing as>th is ? We are allured he will, as he hath
u,; already of late moft wonderfully and lea-
* fonably to do : And he that thus brings it to Light
' out of their own Mouths, gives us Hope that, in
* his due Time, he will return it with Shame and
4 Lois upon their own Heads, who have adventu-
4 red on iuch bold Undertakings, to which they
* were never called ; but are molt perfectly uncon-
* cerned, any further than they are drawn and in-
* ticed thereunto by inordinate lufting after the
' Conqueft of this Nation, and eftablifhing them-
4 felves in the Wealth and Power thereof.
* But to make all f.ir and fmooth to thofe that
* are apt to be deluded and milled, and to engage
* them in a new War againft their native Country,
4 their new -converted Kins; declares, Thatt 'by
4 commi Donating Per Jons at Sea to commit Piracy
* and Depredations, for the Interr;:ption of Trade ,
Of E N G L A N D. 375
* he intends no Damage nsr Injury to his harmlefs Inter-regnum.
* and oppreffed Subje&s ; but only to bis Enemies 1650.
* (which now are none butthofe that arc Enemies *"— — v— -^
* to the Covenant and Monarchical Government) ; SePtember*
' and that he refolves to employ none in fuch Trujl
* untill they have renewed the Covenant, and been
' declared capable of that Trujl by Parliament \ and
' therefore doth, in Words, recall all Commif-
' /ions given to any fuch Perfons : But when all this
' is done, how are the former Evils committed at
' Sea, to the Interruption and Deftru&ion of
' Trade, remedied by this, or the Parties injured,
' repaired ? When War was acted by the Duke of
* Hamilton upon the Lives and Eftates of this Na-
' tion, and none therein were employed but fuch
* as took the Covenant, and were declared fit for
* that Truft by the Parliament of Scotland, who
' commanded that Invaiion, were the Evils of War
' lefs upon the Englifo^ or the Crime lefs in thofe
' that acted them I Do fuch Rcfolutions as thefe
' vary the State of the War, and of the Caufe ;
' or do they only change the Method and Circum-
' fiances of moving and proceeding to the fame
* End \ We hope it is too late now to miilead any
< of the Well-afFected with Blinds of this Na-
' ture, by which they have once been cozen'd be-
4 fore, and whereby they may allure themfelves
* they lhall be deceived a fecond Time, if the Ca-
e valiers, and purely Rqyal Party, do but lay hold
' of the Expedient offered to them; which is, 'by a
* feigned pious and good Deportment, to make
* themfelves capable of a Regrefs into their former
4 Employments, upon the cheap Terms of fwal-
* lowing down the Covenant, and the obtaining the
* Approbation of as full and free a Parliament as
' that which authorized the Invafion of this Nation
' by the Duke of Hamilton. And ftill, who knows
' not what fuch a Declaration as this fignifies to
' thofe that have Commiffions to rob and fpoil, and
' perhaps better underftand Charles Stuart's Inten-
' tions that granted them, than thofe that put him
* upon
376 'The Parliamentary HISTORY
Inter-regnum. « Upon holding forth this Diflimulation, as if they
16501 « were recalled ?
SePtember> SECTION IV.
And as his Majefty bath given Satisfaction to the
juft and necejjary De fires of the Kirk and Kingdom
of Scotland, jo doth he hereby ajfure and declare^
That be is no lejs willing and defirous to give Satif-
faftion to the jujl and necejfary De fires of his good
Subjects in England and Ireland ; and, in Token
thereof \ if the Houfes of the Parliament of England,
fitting in Freedom, jhall think jit to prefent unto
him the Propojitions of Peace, agreed upon by both
Kingdoms^ he will not only accord to the fame, and
fuch Alterations there anent, as the Houjes of Par-
liament, in regard of the Conjlitution of Affairs,
and the Good of his Majejly and his Kingdoms, Jhatl
judge necejfary, but do what is further necejjary for
profecuting the Ends of the Solemn League and Co-
venant ; efpecially in thofe Things which concern the
Reformation of the Church 0/England, in Doctrine,
Worjhtp, Difcipline, and Government ; that not only
the Directory of Worfhip, the ConfeJJion of Faith >
and Catechifm, but alfo the Proportions and Direc-
tory for Church-Government, accorded upon by the
Synod of Divines at Weftminfter, may be fettled;
and that the Church of England may enjoy the full
Liberty and Freedom of all AJJemblie's, and Power of
Kirk Cenfures, and of all the Ordinances of Jefus
Chrijt, according to the Rule of his own Word: And
that whatsoever is commanded by the God of Heaven,
may be diligently done for the Houfe of the God of
Heaven.
And whatever heretofore hath been the Suggejlicns
of fame to him, to render his Majefty jealous of his
Parliament, and of the Servants of God ; yet as he
hath declared that in Scotland he will hearken to their
Counfel, and follow their Advice in thofe Things that
concern that Kingdom and Kirk, fo doth he alfo de-
clare his firm Refohition to manage the Government
•f the Kingdom <?/ England by the Advice of his Par-
liament,
Of E N G L A N D. 377
liament, confijling of an Houfe of Lords and of an Inter-regnum.
Houfe of Commons there ; and, in thofe Things that ,_^°L «
concern Religion, to prefer the Counfels of the Mini- September.
fters of the Gofpel to all other Counjels whatfoever.
And that all the World may fee ho^v much he ten-
ders the Safety of his People, and how precious their
Blood is in his Sight, and how deflrous he is to reco-
ver his Crown and Government in England by peace-
able Means, as he doth efteem the Service of thofe
who firft engaged in the Covenant, and have fence
that Time faithfully folloived the Ends thereof, to
be Duty to God and Loyalty to him ; fo he is willing^
in regard of others who have been involved in thefe
late Commotions in England, againft Religion and
Government, to pafs an Act of Oblivion, excepting
only fame few in that Nation who have been chief
Ob/lrufters of the Work of Reformation, and chief
Authors of the Change of the Government, and of
the Murder of his Royal Father. Provided, That
thofe who are to have the Benefit of this Aft lay down
Arms, and return to the Obedience of their lawful
Sovereign.
ANSWER.
4 The Treaty that was touched upon in the for-
* mer Paragraph, made between the Kingdom of
* Scotland and their King, in reference to England
< and Ireland, being here at large, and, in the Par-
4 ticulars of it fet down, it will be needlefs to re-
' peat them ; in the whole Frame of which, we
' dare boldly affirm, There are thofe Grounds laid
« of inflaving this Nation to the Scots, and efpecial-
« ly to the Power of their Clergy, that no Parlia-
* ment that hath ever yet fat in England, and have
' had the leaft Drop of trueEngliJb Blood in them,
' but would difdain and abhor to be thus impofed
* upon by the Scots Nation.
' And are thefe the Hopes that are given to this
' Nation of having two Houfes of Parliament fit-
' ting in Freedom, when what they muft defire,
* and what they muft have, muft be prepared and
« agreed for them by a foreign Nation ? Will the
« Par-
378 The Parliamentary HISTORY
* Parliament be more the P 
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